Bulletin of Geology
Vol 6 No 1 (2022): Bulletin of Geology

Komposisi Fauna Vertebrata Holosen Awal di Situs Gua Panglima, Gunung Parung, Kalimantan Timur

Benyamin Perwira Shidqi (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Mohammad Ruly Fauzi (Pusat Riset Arkeometri, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional)
Mika Rizki Puspaningrum (Unknown)
Yan Rizal (Institut Teknologi Bandung)
Truman Simanjuntak (Center for Prehistory and Austronesian Studies)



Article Info

Publish Date
22 Jun 2022

Abstract

Sari Gua panglima merupakan salah satu gua karst yang terletak di Gunung Parung, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. Penelitian arkeologi dilakukan dalam endapan lantai Gua Panglima yang dibagi menjadi 5 zona stratigrafi utama. Penelitian berfokus di kotak galian TP1 dan TP2 yang menghasilkan temuan sisa fauna vertebrata melimpah yang terdiri atas gigi, rahang, tulang utama, dan fragmen tulang lainnya. Analisis temuan vertebrata berupa identifikasi takson dan kuantifikasi temuan teridentifikasi (NISP) bertujuan untuk mengetahui himpunan fauna dan kondisi lingkungan di sekitar Gua Panglima. Sisa temuan vertebrata di Gua Panglima terdiri atas 8 kelompok besar takson yaitu Primata, Artiodactyla, Perrisodactyla, Carnivora, Rodentia, Reptilia, Pholidota, Chiroptera, dan Actinopterygii. Keseluruhan temuan diidentifikasi menjadi 38 takson yang terdiri atas tingkat famili hingga spesies. Temuan sisa fauna vertebrata berjumlah 8672 spesimen dengan total temuan teridentifikasi (NISP) berjumlah 2227 dan temuan tidak teridentikasi berjumlah 6445. Temuan terdiri atas elemen gigi berupa incisor, canine, premolar, dan molar (16,3% NISP, n = 360), elemen rahang berupa mandibula dan maxilla (5,5% NISP, n = 124), dan elemen tulang utama berupa antler, astragalus, calcaneus, carapace, carpal, caudal, costae, femur, humerus, metacarpal, metatarsal, oscoxa, pelvis, phalanges, plastron, radius, scapula, supraorbital, tibia, ulna, dan vertebrae (78,2% NISP, n = 1743). Temuan hasil penggalian Gua Panglima diperkirakan memiliki rentang umur kurang Holosen Awal – Tengah. Komposisi fauna pada Gua Panglima memiliki signifikansi secara kronologi dengan beberapa situs pada periode dan lokasi berdekatan seperti Gua Niah dan Pulau Palawan. Kemiripan komposisi fauna pada ketiga situs tersebut memberikan gambaran bagaimana perkembangan ekologi pada hutan hujan tropis Kalimantan yang relatif tidak terlalu berubah pada periode tersebut. Meskipun begitu, komposisi fauna pada temuan Gua Panglima tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan konteks hunian manusia prasejarah dengan ditemukannya artefak arkeologi lainnya. Abstract Panglima Cave is one of the karstic caves located in Parung Mountain, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Archaeological research was conducted on the Panglima Cave sediment deposit that is divided into 5 main stratigraphic zones. This research focuses on unconsolidated sediment deposit from TP1 and TP2 box excavation that yields an abundant amount of vertebrate fossil remains including teeth, jaw, and other bones fragment. The analysis of fossil specimens for taxonomy identification and specimen quantification (NISP) is defined to comprehend fauna assemblage and its paleoenvironment. The collection reveals 8 main fauna groups which are composed of Primates, Artiodactyl, Perissodactyl, Carnivore, Rodent, Reptile, Pholidota, Chiroptera, and Actinopterygii. The whole identified fossil is comprised of 38 taxa that varied from family to species. Panglima Cave fossil remains had a total amount of 8672 specimens with 2227 of them being identified specimens (NISP) and the rest 6445 are unidentified specimens. Fossil element variations are consisting of teeth elements from incisor, canine, premolar, and molar (16,3% NISP, n = 360), jaw elements from mandible and maxilla (5,5% NISP, n = 124), and primary bone elements from antler, astragalus, calcaneus, carapace, carpal, caudal, costae, femur, humerus, metacarpal, metatarsal, oscoxa, pelvis, phalanges, plastron, radius, scapula, supraorbital, tibia, ulna, and vertebrae (78,2% NISP, n = 1743). Panglima cave deposits are estimated to have formed from to Early – Middle Holocene. The fauna composition has a chronological context from several archaeological and paleontological sites around Borneo Island, such as Niah Cave and Palawan Island. The similarity of fauna distribution from those three sites reflects the relatively constant ecological condition of Borneo tropical forest since the Late Pleistocene. However, the Panglima Cave fauna assemblage is indivisible with prehistory human occupancy as demonstrated by other archaeological findings on this site.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

buletin-geologi

Publisher

Subject

Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering

Description

Bulletin of Geology is a research-based periodical scientific open access journal published by Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). The published article in Bulletin of Geology covers all geoscience and technology fields including Geology, Geophysics, Geodesy, ...