NALARs
Vol 11, No 2 (2012): NALARs Volume 11 Nomor 2 Juli 2012

SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN KERAJAAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP ARSITEKTUR BALI

Budihardjo, Rachmat ( Jurusan Arsitektur Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Jul 2012

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Membicarakan sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali, tidak bisa dilepaskan oleh adanya pengaruh agama Hindu. Konsep Negara Klasik di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh dua pusat peradaban yaitu India dan Cina, khususnya mengenai masalah kosmis-magis, angka-angka, benda keramat, para pemimpin, geografi, posisi dan lain-lain. Sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali berawal dari sejak zaman Bali Kuno sampai dengan zaman Awal Kemerdekaan. Puncak kejayaannya terjadi pada zaman Majapahit atau setelah adanya ekspedisi patih Gajah Mada berhasil menaklukkan Bali. Pengaruh agama Hindu, terutama setelah kedatangan Pendeta dari Jawa Timur : Empu Kuturan dan Dang Hyang Nirartha / Dang Hyang Dwijendra sangat mendominasi pada perkembangan dan perbaikan segi-segi kehidupan dan sistem pemerintahan kerajaan di Bali, termasuk perkembangan arsitekturnya baik pada jenis bangunan Parahyangan, Pawongan ataupun Palemahan. Pada mulanya keraton di Bali disebut dengan “Pura” seperti : Linggarsa Pura (Samprangan, Gianyar), Sweca Pura (Gelgel) dan Semara Pura (Klungkung), setelah beberapa generasi kekuasaan di Klungkung dilakukanlah perubahan sebutan : Pura untuk fungsi bangunan Kahyangan / Suci dan Puri untuk fungsi bangunan Pawongan / Keraton.  Kata Kunci: sistem pemerintahan, kerajaan, arsitektur Bali ABSTRACT.  Talking about the royal government system in Bali, it cannot be separated  by the influence of Hindu religion. The concept of classic country in Indonesia had been affected by the two centers of civilization, namely Indian and China, particularly on the issue of cosmic-magical, numbers and figures, sacred objects, leaders, geography, and other positions. System of royal government in Bali had began from the days of the Ancient Bali to Early Independence era. The peak of the victory had occured at the era of Majapahit  after the expedition of Gajah Mada in conquering Bali. Influence of Hindu religion, especially after the arrival of Reverend from East Java: Empu Kuturan and Dang Hyang Nirartha / Dang Hyang Dwijendra was very dominating on the development and improvement of aspect of life and system of royal government in Bali. The influence also affected the development of architecture in both building types Parahyangan, Pawongan or Palemahan. At early time, mostly palaces in Bali have called "Pura" such as: Linggarsa Pura (Samprangan, Gianyar), Sweca Pura (Gelgel) and Semara Pura (Klungkung), after several generations of power in Klungkung have undertaken designation change: Pura for building which has a function as a sacred place/ Kahyangan and  Puri for building which has function for Pawongan building/ palace. Keywords: system of government, royal, architecture of Bali

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Journal Info

Abbrev

nalars

Publisher

Subject

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Description

NALARs is an architecture journal which presents articles based on architectural research in micro, mezo and macro. Published articles cover all subjects as follow: architectural behaviour, space and place, traditional architecture, digital architecture, urban planning and urban design, building ...