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Uji efikasi beberapa isolat bakteri entomopatogen terhadap kecoa (Orthoptera) Periplaneta americana (L.) dan Blatella germanica (L.) dalam skala laboratorium Monica Sekar Rini; Rully Rahadian; Mochammad Hadi; Deni Zulfiana
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 1, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Kecoa merupakan salah satu serangga vektor penyakit yang dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk pada kesehatan manusia. Pengendalian kecoa menggunakan insektisida yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan residu di lingkungan dan resistensi kecoa. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan pengendalian alternatif diantaranya dengan menggunakan agen hayati berupa bakteri entomopatogen. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga isolat bakteri entomopatogen yang masing-masing diisolasi dari Spodoptera litura mati, dan Bacillus thuringiensis koleksi IPBCC. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode semprot dan umpan pada konsentrasi 108. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat bakteri entomopatogen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dapat menimbulkan mortalitas kecoa. Pengamatan morfologi dan uji Postulat Koch menunjukkan bahwa kematian kecoa dipastikan disebabkan oleh isolat bakteri yang diberikan. Pada metode semprot, isolat bakteri SP4 menyebabkan mortalitas tertinggi baik pada P. americana (26,67%) maupun pada B. germanica (80%). Sedangkan pada metode umpan, isolat B. thuringiensis menyebabkan mortalitas tertinggi pada P. americana (10%) dan pada B. germanica (6,67%). Dari segi waktu kematian, diketahui bahwa perlakuan SP4 metode semprot lebih efektif dalam memengaruhi mortalitas B. germanica yaitu 2 jam 30 menit 46 detik.Kata kunci: Pengendalian hayati, bakteri entomopatogen, uji efikasi

Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat dari pangan fermentasi berbasis ikan (Inasua) yang diperjualbelikan di Maluku-Indonesia Adde Lolita Putri; Endang Kusdiyantini
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial bacteria for the health of the body by improving the balance of the intestinal microflora. Lactic acid bacteria can generally be isolated from fermented foods, fruits, vegetables and meat. Inasua is a traditional fermented fish product originating from Central Maluku (Teon, Nila and Serua islands) wherein the fermentation process is carried out at room temperature for a certain time. The purpose of this study was isolation and identification based on the morphological characteristics of lactic acid bacteria in inasua. Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria was carried out using the pour plate method and the streak method on the media de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) and Nutrient Agar media. The culture was incubated at 370C for 48 hours. The growing colonies were observed for morphological characteristics and GRAM staining of bacteria was carried out. The results of isolation of BAL from inasua in the media de Man, Ragosa and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) + CaCO3 obtained 4 bacterial isolates, namely INS-A1, INS-A2, INS-A3 and INS-A4 and only 2 isolates that have the characteristics of positive GRAM with Bacillus forms, namely INS-A2 and INS-A4. It is suspected that the 2 isolates were isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria. The results of isolation on Nutrient Agar (NA) media contained 5 isolates namely INS-B1, INS-B2, INS B3, INS-B4, INS-B5 which have characteristics as negative GRAM shaped Bacillus

Aplikasi biomaterial aktif dari daging ikan gabus (Channa striata) untuk penyembuhan luka pascaoperasi pada hewan model tikus Wistar Sunarno Sunarno; Rahayu Damayanti; Alfisa Devi; Muhammad Fikri; F Pratiwi; Linda Ayu
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

One problem for postoperative patients is tissue recovery takes a long time due to the occurrence of blood clotting disorders and immune system. Snakehead fish was known to contain bioactive ingredients that can potentially speed up the process of tissue repair as a result of injuries. Snakehead fish meat contains a lot of minerals, albumin, and amino acids needed for tissue protein synthesis and increases the antioxidant glutathione. This study was conducted to test the extraction of snakehead fish flesh against skin tissue wound healing in Wistar rats. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments with 6 replication, which include (P0) a negative control (without treatment madecassol and snakehead fish meat extract), (P1) madecassol commercial drug treatment, and (P2) treatment of snakehead fish meat extract. Each material was injected intramuscularly in Wistar rats at a dose of 9 ml/kg bb for 7 days. Data analysis uses Anova followed by test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) with a significance of 95%. Treatment of snakehead meat extract with a dose of 9 ml/kg bb a significant effect on skin tissue repair after injury, better than treatment with madecassol and control with the average value of extensive tissue remaining after recovering from the condition of the wound by 0.2 cm2; 0.33 cm2; and 0.4 cm2, respectively. Snakehead fish meat extract with a dose of 9 ml/kg bb injected intramuscularly can accelerate the recovery of tissue in the skin after the wound in Wistar rats.

Regenerasi Jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume.) de Laub.) di Cagar Alam Gebugan, Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah Evananda Waskitaningtyas; Sri Utami; Erry Wiryani
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Gebugan Nature Reserve is one of the protected forest that still has the natural habitat of Dacrycarpus imbricatus. D. imbricatus has the potential of producing wood that is widely used by the people while the exploitation of Jamuju causes this tree species difficult to find in their natural habitat. The aim of this research was to asses D. imbricatus regeneration. The method used for taking jamuju was systematic method. The number of plots used were 15 with 10 m x 10 m area for each plot. The number of individual jamuju at the tree level, pole level, sapling level and seedling level were counted at each plot. The result of this research showed the regeneration of jamuju in Gebugan Nature Reserve was poor, indicated by tree-level individual density (5 individuals/0.15 ha = 33.3 ind/ha), pole level (not found), sapling (4 individuals/0.15 ha = 26.6 ind/ha), and seedlings (21 individuals/0.15 ha = 140 ind/ha). The environmental factors of Jamuju were found to grow at the altitude of 1,050 m asl, temperature 26.7°C to 27°C, humidity 53% to 61%, soil pH 6.3 to 7.

Pengembangan klon Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg.) unggulan untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan Hamdan Adma Adinugraha; Dedi Setiadi
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is one of multipurpose tree species that their wood, bark, fruit and leaves can be utilized for human life. The main product of breadfruit is its fruit as one of the potential food sources that has a fairly high nutrient content and is widely consumed as an additional food and even traditional staple foods such as in some countries the Pacific region. The challenge in developing breadfruit as an alternative food source for the community is to prepare the plant material of superior breadfruit clones which have high fruit production and have enough nutrients and chemicals as a source of food and medicinal ingredients. Based on the clones selection at the clonal test plantation in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta obtained 5 excellent breadfruit populations representing breadfruit cultivars in Indonesia, namely Cilacap, Yogyakarta, Bali island, Bone and Manokwari. To ensure the availability of seedlings of superior breadfruit clones, the development of planting stocks production techniques is carried out by root cuttings, shoot cuttings and stem cuttings in the nursery that showed better growth succeess (70-100%). Furthermore, information dissemination is carried out to increase efforts to develop breadfruit by the community / user. Breadfruit planting activities are carried out to increase the availability of food reserve forests in the future, both independently and collaboratively with stakeholders who interested in developing of breadfruit plantations.

Eksplorasi benih Jati Putih (Gmelina arborea Roxb) dari berbagai variasi habitat untuk populasi pemuliaan Dedi Setiadi; Hamdan Adma Adinugraha
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

White teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb) is one of the types developed for the development of plantations, this species is an exotic tree that grows quickly, the planting technique is not difficult and has a good economic value. The wood is used for various purposes, especially for the manufacture of construction materials, carpentry, plywood, matches, containers and other wood craft materials. One aspect that determines the success of plantation development is the availability of seeds, especially quality seeds that are superior genetically, physically and physiologically, available in sufficient quantities, on time and have the ability to adapt to the environment in which they grow. The development of this plant needs to be accompanied by a breeding program, one of the forest plant breeding activities is exploration. Exploration activities of a type of plant in its natural habitat are important to support research and development activities of an institution and to meet market needs for these seeds. The purpose of seed exploration is to get white Teak seeds that represent a variety of habitats to support breeding activities. Exploration of white teak seeds is carried out in Kalianda (South Lampung), Bondowoso (East Java), Bantul (Yogyakarta), Parung Panjang (West Java) and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). The results of the exploration obtained 108 mother trees from Kalianda 25 mother trees with seed size (18.32 mm; 10.25 mm), Bondowoso 30 mother trees (17.78 mm; 9.64 mm), Bantul 21 mother trees (19, 24 mm; 11.40 mm), Parung length 15 mother trees (19.41 mm; 9.42 mm) and Lombok 17 mother trees (18.58 mm; 10, 31 mm).

Kandungan klorofil dan karotenoid Kacang Tunggak (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) pada umur tanaman yang berbeda Ika Susanti Hendriyani; Yulita Nurchayati; Nintya Setiari
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol.1, No. 2, Tahun 2018
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Chlorophyll is a pigment of photosynthesis which is also efficacious as a cure for brain, lung, and oral cancer, and can be used as a disinfectant, antibiotic and dietary supplement, while carotenoids are useful as antioxidants. The content of the two pigments is strongly influenced by the age of the plant, especially for vegetable crops used in leaves such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). The purpose of this research is to know the pattern of chlorophyll content and carotenoid of cowpea leaf during the growth phase and to know the age of the right plant for harvesting cowpea so that the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid content is obtained. Cowpea seeds obtained from seeds are added then planted in pots containing ready-made planting media in the greenhouse. Chlorophyll and carotenoid analyzes were performed at different plant ages from 1 to 11 weeks. The research design used is Completely Randomized Design. Data were analyzed using variance analysis and continued with Duncan test at 95% significance level. The results showed that the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid content was produced by the cowpea leaf in the vegetative phase or before the flowering time. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained at 4WAP (weeks after planting) of age crop, while the highest carotenoid content was obtained in 3WAP.

Bioprospecting of Bacillus pumilus as biocontrol against fungal plant pathogens Ade Fajrian; Rejeki Siti Ferniah; Anto Budiharjo
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

The genus Bacillusis one of the wellknown group of bacteria as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can support plant growth or otherwise control the plant pathogens. In this study, three strain of B. pumilusfrom BIOTEC culture collection (BCC 7507, TBRC 2887 and TBRC 2903) were investigated for their potential to be used as fungal pathogen control. The growth characteristics of these B. pumilusstrains were determined by making the growth curve of each strain. Further, antagonistic activity of B. pumilusagainst the anthracnose pathogens C. capsici, C. gloeosporioidesand C. acutatum, the rice dirty panicle pathogen Curvularia lunata, the leaf spot pathogen Alternaria brassicicola, and the rice blast pathogen Magnoporthe griseawere evaluated by identified the inhibition zone from their activity. Then, the secondary metabolites produced by these Bacillusstrains were also examined using anti-fungal activity assays. All B. pumilusstrains showed very low biocontrol activity against M. grisea, but not against C. acutatum, C. Capsici, C. gloeosporioides, A. brassicicolaand C. lunata. Culture extracts derived from these strains did not show any activity against M. griseain the spore germination inhibition assay. These results showed that the three B. pumilusstrains did not exhibit strong potential for application as biocontrol agent.

Bobot otot dan tulang tibia itik pengging (Anas platyrhyncos domesticus L.) setelah pemberian imbuhan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dalam pakan Hikmah Putri Pratiwi; Kasiyati Kasiyati; Sunarno Sunarno; Muhammad Anwar Djaelani
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 2, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Moringa leaf contains the nutrient which includes carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, beta-N, calcium, and phosphor. Various kinds of nutrient are essential supporting the growth and productivity of Pengging ducks, both egg or meat production. The aimed of this study to analyze the effect of Moringa leaves powder in feed on the weight of tibial bone and muscle as well as the length and diameter of tibial bone in Pengging ducks. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. The treatment included the control group (basal feed without the addition of Moringa leaves powder), the treatment of basal feed supplemented with Moringa leaves powder by 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10%. The data wereanalyzed by one way-ANOVA and the relationship between variables can be seen from the value of the correlation coefficient. The results showed that the added Moringa leaves powder did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect the weight of the tibial bone and muscle, and the lenght and diameter of the tibial of the pengging duck. The positive correlation between the length of thetibial bone and the diameter of the tibial bone with an r-value by 0.894. It was concluded that Moringa leaves powder as feed additive of Pengging duck could not increase the weight of the tibial bone and muscle, and the length and diameter of the tibial bone had not changed.

Pengaruh radiasi plasma pijar korona terhadap viabilitas, laju perkecambahan, dan morfologi kecambah biji bayam cabut (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Ulfi Nadzifah; Erma Prihastanti
Jurnal Biologi Tropika Vol. 2, No. 1, Tahun 2019
Publisher : Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika, Universitas Diponegoro

Corona glow discharge plasma is a source of ions, electrons and free radicals. Free air contains a lot of gas that cannot be absorbed directly by plants. Plasma radiation is able to ionize gas from the air into an ionic form that is fired in a material including seeds. This study aims to determine the effect of time variation of plasma radiation on viability, germination rate and morphology of spinach seeds (Amaranthus tricolorL.). The study was conducted at the CPR Laboratory (Center Plasma Research), Diponegoro University through the RAL method. The observations carried out included viability, germination rate, and morphology of spinach plant sprouts unplug after plasma radiation was carried out on seeds by control treatment, radiation 10 minutes and 20 minutes. The results obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test and the follow-up test with a significance level of 0.05. Radiation treatment for 20 minutes, 10 minutes and controls gave 100% average viability results; 96.6%; and 53.3%, germination rate of 3.46 n / day; 3.33 n / day; and 3 n / day, the average epicotile length is 0.4 cm; 1.46 cm; and 1.43 cm, the average radicular length is 0.46 cm; 0.36 cm; and 0.14 cm, and the average length of the plumula 0.2 cm; 0.16 cm; and 0.13 cm. Plasma radiation for 20 minutes gives optimal results compared to other treatments, based on the DMRT test showing significant differences between variations in irradiation.

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Jawa tengah

INDONESIA