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<![CDATA[Testing the Degree of Market Integration and Price Transmission in Major Onion Markets of Pakistan ]]>
<![CDATA[Ghafoor, Abdul]]>;
<![CDATA[Aslam, Manan]]>;
<![CDATA[Akhter, Wasim]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1991
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTThe present study seeks to explore degree of market integration and price transmission in major onion markets of Pakistan using Co-integration technique and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Average monthly wholesale prices (January 2000-December 2009) of four onion markets Lahore, Hyderabad, Peshawar, and Quetta were used for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that selected four major onion markets were integrated with each other. The results of Error Correction Mechanism for pair of onion markets showed that 5 to 28.5 percent of the disequilibrium was removed each time period i.e. one month. This implies that following one standard error shock to the selected markets which cause disequilibrium, economic agents take 3 to 4 months to adjust the disequilibrium and move back to long run equilibrium. These findings were supported with the results of Granger causality analysis which confirmed the presence of co-integrating relationship among the variables. The high degree of market integration observed in this case is consistent with the view that onion markets in Pakistan are linked with each other for price transmission and related physical arbitrage.Keywords: Error Correction Mechanism, onion markets, physical arbitrage, price transmission and Granger causalityDOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1991]]>
<![CDATA[The Global Acceptance and Development of Probiotic-Containing Products as Functional Food ]]>
<![CDATA[Thu, Dao Thi Anh]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1992
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTProbiotics have been associated with a range of health benefits and have been made available to the consumers via a range of functional food products. However, it has showed that there still a gap between countries in the acceptance to health benefits of probiotics. The national variation in the acceptance and awareness of consumers to probiotic-containing products have affected greatly to the different development of probiotic markets in the world. The global market for this type of functional foods in the coming years is expected to increase significantly. The Asia in general and Japan in particular still is the major market, whereas Europe countries and the US market obtain quickly rate of growth. Several factors affecting the success of probiotic-containing products also are indicated to achieve greater popularity of this type of functional foods.Keywords: probiotics, prebiotics, microencapsulation, functional food, potential market.DOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1992]]>
<![CDATA[Efektifitas Democracy Assistance USAID Bagi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Timor Leste ]]>
<![CDATA[Aryani, Maria Indira]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1994
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTThis research will examine USAID’s democracy assistance for Timor Leste’s economic growth. The background of this research was Timor Leste’s failure as well as many challenges faced in order to create political stability after having received USAID’s democracy assistance. Hence, the research question from this background would be “why USAID’s democracy assistance provided through the Election and Processes framework has not been seen effective to bring positive impacts for Timor Leste’s economic growth?”. This question is analysed by using the foreign aid effectiveness framework, the assumption of democracy and economic growth connectivity and the assumption of political stability and economic growth connectivity. The conclusion of this analysis is that USAID’s democracy assistance provided to Timor Leste has not effectively support Timor Leste’s economic growth since there are some aid effectiveness characteristics that does not correspond with the characteristic and ability of the people Timor Leste. The disrepancy slows down the process of acceptance of democracy that led to the slow pace of individual understanding of the importance of political process. The slow process led to some cases of political conflict and violence in Timor Leste, disrupting political stability in Timor Leste, which ultimately risen the challenges to Timor Leste’s economic growth.Keywords: democracy assistance, foreign aid effectiveness, democracy, political stability, economic growth.DOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1994]]>
<![CDATA[Media as the Major Factor of the Economic Development in the Era of Globalization ]]>
<![CDATA[Anabarja, Sarah]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1995
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTThe production and distribution of digital content over electronic communications networks to a wide range of digital devices is experiencing exponential growth. This global media phenomenon has significant ramifications for development but there is insufficient understanding about the dynamics of the process, and uncertainty about many outcomes. Many factors attempted to determine the process of economic development. Political and economical factors are two factors paying the major influence. While not denying the potential importance of these aforementioned factors, this paper contend that the role of media in developing institutions that facilitate economic progress has only recently begun to receive the attention it deserves. Emphasize to the role of media to the development process this paper is discuss the importance of media in overcoming public choice. It is also important to look up for every aspects of media that can influence the government to make their policy and its impact on government transparency and accountability.Keywords: Media, economic development, public choice, government policy.DOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1995]]>
<![CDATA[The Arms Trade Treaty: U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan and U.S.-China Relations ]]>
<![CDATA[Ramadhani, Eryan]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1996
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTThe dynamic of U.S.-China relations cannot be secluded from Taiwan-related issue. Falling into a treacherous category is the ceaseless U.S. arms sales to Taiwan under the scheme of Taiwan Resolution Act (TRA) that obligated the former to provide the latter with arms of defensive character, resulting in uneasiness among the leaders in Beijing. Congenial to its endeavor to cut out the knit-tight relations between the U.S. and Taiwan, China intends to exert the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) as a means to condemn U.S. arms sales to a non-state actor carrying lethal weapon able to mar the existing status quo in the region. This paper aims to elucidate the positions of the U.S. and China on the ATT to which both states currently are not the parties. With emphasis on Taiwan, it is argued that both the U.S. and China will be persistent to uphold pragmatism, covering also the ATT, without seriously harming the strategic relations between the two.Keywords: ATT, U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, U.S.-China relationsDOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1996]]>
<![CDATA[Pengaruh North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) terhadap Perekonomian Meksiko ]]>
<![CDATA[Agasi, Abim Galau]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1998
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTAt 1994, Mexico have a crisis result to domestic political instability and failures of the devaluation policy. Historically, the Mexican economic crisis had begin from 1980. The crisis in 1980 is result of Mexico’s foreign debt that fail to paid. Mexico made several attemps to rise from the economic crisis. One of the efforts is to be a member of NAFTA. To conform with NAFTA, Mexico changed some national policies. NAFTA is a regional institution for the North American that made by the government of the United States, Canada and Mexico. NAFTA implemented on January 1, 1994. NAFTA has three programs of cooperation, there are Free Trade Agreement, Environmental Cooperation and Labor Cooperation. NAFTA has gradually eliminate obstacles on cross-border trade in the region. NAFTA affected on Mexican economic growth because NAFTA has opened opportunity for Mexico to cooperate with the other NAFTA members. The cooperation aims to attract the foreign investment and increase the value of Mexican exports products, mainly agricultural products, so that GNP will growth and the economic growth will reached too.Keywords: Mexico, Economic Crisis, NAFTA, Cooperation, Economic Growth.DOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1998]]>
<![CDATA[Globalisasi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Aksesibilitas Pengetahuan ]]>
<![CDATA[Nuryananda, Praja Firdaus]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1997
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTDefining globalization as internationalization and de-territorialization is shifting the role of information as the product of knowledge to be the knowledge itself. This shifting is dragging information to be a potential property of feudal who control of the access and the process. This has been marked as informational feudalism. This paper actualizes the concept of informational feudalism by giving empirical studies of Eli Lily-Madagascar and Nicotine-Pharmacy Industry in United States of America. The medicine to cure cancer had been made from rosy periwinkle came from Madagascar. Instead of being a common property, the medicine was a private property because Eli Lily had sold it to people with high price. In the USA, research studies and scientific papers were used in the campaign of using the alternative nicotine therapy, considering the harm of smoking activities. From two examples given, the remark is that information and knowledge has been becoming a new modus for feudal to take profit without educate the people.Keywords: globalization, informational feudalism, knowledge, information.DOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1997]]>
<![CDATA[Masuknya Amerika Serikat Sebagai Anggota ASEAN+8 ]]>
<![CDATA[Harsiwi, Resti Dwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1999
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTASEAN which is constructed based on the cultural similiarity and the identity along with the vision and mission to develop and growing the area of ASEAN, make the ASEAN members needs more fund to fulfill the building project and developing the infrastructure. Since there are capability lacknesses of these ASEAN members, especially the financial matter causing the ASEAN need more help from other countries which are not belongs to ASEAN member. The United State of America joining in ASEAN +8 does giving much contribute in ASEAN, but as the time goes by, many countries think that The United State of America joining in ASEAN +8 not for fulfilling the ASEAN needs only, but also to fulfill the needs of United State of America from the ASEAN+8.Keywords: ASEAN+8, United State of America Capability, the needs of United State of AmericaDOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1999]]>
<![CDATA[Budaya Global dalam Industri Budaya: Tinjauan Madzhab Frankfurt Terhadap Iklan, Pop Culture, dan Industri Hiburan ]]>
<![CDATA[Arviani, Heidy]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1993
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTNowadays, we live in the new global economy. Global brand represent a huge portion of our social identity and value. Consumer is the object of entertainment industry. Culture industry has taken over mainstream lifestyle. Global company using mass media (art, advertising, film, radio, television) as their main tool to spread consumptive lifestyle in all over the world. Through advertising and pop culture, consumer feel compelled to buy and use the products even though they see through mass media. Individually or socially, we are part of commercialism culture structure. Horkheimer and Adorno in their book „Dialectic of Enlightenment‟ develop culture industry concept. Frankfurt School point similarities between industrial and cultural production. Frankfurt School describe the blend between mass culture, advertising and consumption in consumer society. This paper will present media role in building culture structure and how Frankfurt school explain culture industry.Keywords: global culture, Frankfurt School, advertising, pop culture, entertainment industryDOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.1993]]>
<![CDATA[Clash of Civilisations: Hambatan Aksesi Turki ke Uni Eropa ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahim, Faidah]]>
<![CDATA[ Global and Policy Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 02 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur ]]>
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DOI: 10.33005/jgp.v1i02.2000
<![CDATA[ABSTRACTTurkey’s accession to European Union has been taking a long time. Turkey had applied for full European Economic Community membership in 1987. In Helsinksi Summit 1999, European Union advanced Turkey’s status as candidate country. Since then, Turkey keeps on attempting to fulfill the Copenhagen Criteria required to open the accession negotiation. Turkey and European Union finally started the negotiation in 2005. But in the progress, the negotiation process between Turkey and European Union has been very slowly. Turkey is still faced to some problems such as human rights and its conflict with Cyprus. Some state members explicitly show their oppositions to Tukey’s full membership. The oppositions are mainly based on the Turkey’s cultural, historical, and identity difference as a state with predominantly Muslim. This article is focused on cultural and identity factor to analyse the indication of clash of civilisations in European Union’s relation with Turkey. This clash of civilisations will be one of the factors that inhibits Turkey’s accession to European Union.Keywords: Turkey’s accession, European Union, Clash of civilisationsDOI:https://doi.org/10.33005/jgp.v1i02.2000]]>
