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Dr. Ratih Damayanti
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Research Center for Biomaterials,Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society
Published by Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia
ISSN : 20873840     EISSN : 27749320     DOI : 10.51850/wrj
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Wood Research Journal is the official journal of the Indonesian Wood Research Society. This journal is an international medium in exchanging, sharing and discussing the science and technology of wood. The journal publishes original manuscripts of basic and applied research of wood science and technology related to Anatomy, Properties, Quality Enhancement, Machining, Engineering and Constructions, Panel and Composites, Entomology and Preservation, Chemistry, Non Wood Forest Products, Pulp and Papers, Biomass Energy, and Biotechnology. Besides that, this journal also publishes review manuscripts which topics are decided by the Editors.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal" : 6 Documents clear
Characteristics of Binderless Particleboard Made of Three Species of Sulawesi Bamboos Suhasman Suhasman; Detti Yunianti; Sahriyanti Saad; Baharuddin Baharuddin
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.68-71

Abstract

Binderless particleboards (BP) were produced from three different species of Sulawesi bamboos. Parring bamboo (Gigantochloa ater) was extracted from Tanralili Maros while betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and tallang bamboo (Schizostacyum barcahycladum) were extracted from Batu Papan Makale Tana Toraja. The bark and nodes were removed, followed by cutting into chips; air drying, and finally converting into fine particles. The particles were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide 15% based on oven dry particle weight and 7.5% ferrous sulfat based on hydrogen peroxide weight. Hot pressing was applied for 12 min at 180ºC. Seven types of bamboo BP were produced based on the raw materials, i.e. the bamboo species namely; parring bamboo, betung bamboo, tallang bamboo, parring-betung bamboo with ratio 1 : 1,  parring-tallang bamboo with ratio 1 : 1, betung-tallang bamboo with ratio 1 : 1, and parring-betung-tallang bamboo with ratio 1 : 1 : 1. The results indicated that the characteristics of betung bamboo BP were better than the two other bamboos. The physical and mechanical properties however have not fulfilled JIS A 5908 2003 yet. Differences in BP characteristics were caused by the chemical contents of bamboo, especially lignin that is different from species to species.
Eco-friendly Board from Oil Palm Frond and Citric Acid Firda Aulya Syamani; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.72-75

Abstract

The utilization of oil palm fronds as composite board raw material has developed due to the declining wood supply. Currently, citric acid is used as natural adhesive on the wood-based moldings to reduce the use formaldehyde-based resin. Citric acid has carboxylic acid functional group that can react with hydroxyl functional group from cellulose by esterification reaction. This paper explain the production of board from oil palm frond and citric acid, then elaborate their physical and mechanical properties.  Oil palm fronds were processed with ring flaker to produce particles with 1 ~ 5 cm length. The particles were dried until the moisture content reached 6%. Citric acid solution was obtained by stirring 700 g citric acid in 1000 ml water.  Citric acid solution were sprayed onto particles. The weight of citric acid were 10%, 15% and 20% based on oil palm fronds’ dry weight. Boards were produced with density target of 0.6 g/cm3 and pressure at 1N/mm2 for 10 min. The hot pressing temperatures were varied at 140ºC, 160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC. Physical and mechanical test were performed according to JIS A 5908-2003. The MOR, MOE, IB and SW values of boards with 15 wt% citric acid content and pressed at 200oC were 5.85 N/mm2, 1067.03  N/mm2, 0.26 N/mm2 and 88.80 N respectively. The optimum condition for board production obtained upon citric acid content and pressing temperature in a range of 15% ~ 20% and 180ºC ~ 200ºC, respectively.
Degradation Analysis on Manufacture of Cement-bonded Particleboard Using Supercritical CO2 Rohny Setiawan Maail
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.76-82

Abstract

 This study analyzed the degradation process on manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) using supercritical CO2. CBP with a target density of 1.2 g/cm3 was manufactured at a cement / wood particle / water weight ratio of 2.5:1.0:1.25. As references, neat cement board (NC) was manufactured at a cement / water weight ratio of 2.5:1.25, and Ca(OH)2 board was manufactured at a Ca(OH)2 / wood particle / water weight ratio of 3.0:1.0:1.5. Hand-formed mat of 230 x 230 mm was cold-pressed to a targeted thickness of 12 mm and kept in an oven set at 60ºC for 24 h. Four specimens of 50 x 210 mm prepared from these boards were then used for curing treatment. The three curing treatments were (1) supercritical CO2 treatments, 10 min to 10 days; (2) conventional curing treatment for 28 days (Conventional); and (3) neither curing nor supercritical CO2 treatment as the control. The chemical changes and the mineralogical composition of the curing and the degradation processes of the CBP were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TGA-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Significant correlations were found between the supercritical CO2 treatment and mechanical properties during both the curing and degradation processes. Internal bond (IB) strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of CBP achieved their maximums by supercritical CO2 treatment in 30 min. These conditions indicated that supercritical CO2 treatment accelerates the curing process rapidly and enhances the mechanical properties of the CBP.  However, these values decreased in the treatments from 60 min to 10 days and had a negative effect on board performance, indicating that supercritical CO2 treatment over a longer time span leads to the degradation of the CBP. Furthermore, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation clarified that the mechanisms of the degradation are directly affected by the mineralogical composition of the system, in particular by the calcium carbonate content as caused by carbonation.
Wood Properties of Three Fruit Tree Species Planted in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Haruna Aiso; Futoshi Ishiguri; Kazuko Makino; Imam Wahyudi; Yuya Takashima; Tatsuhiro Ohkubo; Kazuya Iizuka; Shinso Yokota
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.53-61

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties for wood utilization of fruit trees planted in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. A total of 9 jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), and durian (Durio zibethinus) trees were randomly selected from the plot (20 by 30 m) and measured for stem diameter, tree height, stress-wave velocity (SWV), and Pilodyn penetration of the trees. Mean values of stem diameter were 11.8, 15.9, and 29.3 cm for S. malaccense, N. lappaceum, and D. zibethinus, respectively. Mean values of stress-wave velocity were 3.16, 3.95, and 3.63 km/s for S. malaccense, N. lappaceum, and D. zibethinus, respectively. Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from these trees to investigate the wood properties [basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS)], anatomical characteristics [vessel diameter (VD), cell wall thickness (CWT) in wood fiber, and cell length (CL) of wood fiber and vessel element], and amounts of chemical components. In VD, CWT in wood fiber, and CL in wood fiber and vessel element, almost the same radial variation patterns were found in the three species. Relatively higher values in SWV, BD, and CS were found in N. lappaceum, suggesting that its wood can be used for construction lumber. On the other hand, S. malaccense and D. zibethinus had relatively thicker CWT in wood fiber, longer CL in wood fiber, and lower Klason lignin content. It is considered that the wood of these two species may be suitable for pulpwood.
Uniaxial Tension of Yellow Meranti Timber at an Angle to the Grain Yosafat Aji Pranata; Roky Surono
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.83-87

Abstract

Tensile strength measures the force applied to a timber element/structural element to the point where it breaks. In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) of uniaxial tension of Yellow Meranti timber (Shorea spp.), using von Mises Criterion to include orthotropic nature of the material, was used to derive a prediction of tensile strength at an angle to the grain (cross grain) in plane stress (2D) modeling. To investigate the validity of the finite element analysis results, various 5°, 10°, and 15° cross grain specimens of Yellow Meranti (Shorea spp.) were tested in laboratory under uniaxial tension stress using UTM instrument. Comparison with experimental results shows that the FEA simulation predicts the stress-strain curves lower than experimental results, which result shows good agreement, it is seen from %-relative difference which is less than 30%. Calculations were performed with the numerical analysis (FEA) and Experimental Tests gives results that the difference is not too significant, for specimens with a grain angle of 5° difference in outcomes by 27%, for a grain angle of 10° difference in outcomes by 25%, and for a grain angle 15° difference in outcomes by 22%.
The Effect of Site Class, Tree-age and Axial Direction on Adhesion Properties of Teakwood Tibertius Agus Prayitno; Yustinus Suranto; Rieska Wahyu Indra Pratama; Dasta Dasta
Wood Research Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.62-67

Abstract

Teak wood is a well-known prime wood species in Indonesia. The teak forest had been managed well by PERHUTANI, a state forest company for a long time. In the teak forest the site quality has been classified according to land’s capability to grow the teak plant. This site classification had been set up from the beginning of forest management and it has not been reviewed yet. This research’s objectives are to know the effect of teak forest site quality class and axial direction on the adhesion properties of the teak wood. The research conducted using Completely Randomized Design arranged in factorial experiment. The first experiment used site quality and axial direction factors, while the second experiment used tree’s age and axial direction. The site quality factor consisted of three levels of site index III, III/IV and IV. The three levels of axial direction of the teak stem were butt, center and top. The tree’s age consisted of three age class of 25, 35 and 45 years. Three teak trees employed as replication. The adhesion properties parameter were wood specific gravity, adhesion compression shear test  and wood failure in both dry and wet condition using block test. The first research result showed that no interaction factor affected in adhesion properties. The teak growing site-class influenced significantly to the wood specific gravity and adhesion shear strength. The more fertile of teak growing site class, the lower wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The site class of III, III/IV and IV revealed the average wood’s specific gravity of 0.54; 0.50 and 0.47 consecutively. The adhesion strength produced from the three site classes were 41.71; 32.56 and 23.52 kg/cm2 consecutively. The axial direction (from the butt to the top) showed a decreasing trend of wood specific gravity and adhesion strength. The second research showed that tree age affected significantly the wood specific gravity. The wood specific gravity increased from 0.57 to 0.67 and 0.69 produced from tree age of 25, 35 and 45 year old consecutively.

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