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INDONESIA
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 02163160     EISSN : 22523901     DOI : 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The development of science and technology in agriculture, has been instrumental in increasing the production of various agricultural commodities. But climate change is also uncertain world led to decreased agricultural productivity. World energy crisis resulted in higher prices of agricultural commodities due to competition between food and energy are higher. Efforts to utilize biomass (agricultural products) has started a lot of research, not only as raw material for bioenergy, but also in an attempt to exploit agro-products into valuable economic products, and realize clean production in agro-industry.
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian" : 10 Documents clear
STUDY ON CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGY IN THE SMALL SCALE TAPIOCA INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY IN KELURAHAN CILUAR, NORTH BOGOR SUB-DISTRICT Anas M. Fauzi, Ainy Rahmawakhida dan Yaoi Hidetoshi
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTSmall scale industries are gaining importance and their contribution to pollution problems cannot be ignored. One of small scale industry having the potential to cause environment problems is centralized of small scale tapioca industries. Small scale industries typically have limited space for the installation of treatment system. In addition, often small scale industries are only marginally profitable, so waste treatment investment may threaten their viability. This problem can be solved by applying cleaner production strategy. This research studies the potentials of cleaner production application and formulating alternatives of cleaner production strategy in order to develop centralized small scale tapioca industry in Ciluar. The cleaner production alternatives which are potential to be applied are good housekeeping, usage of “gobegan”extractor, washing of sedimentation  tank daily, water controling, and worker supervision. The investment of these alternatives is Rp 10.052.000 and pay back period (PBP) one year seven manths. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis shows that technology is the most important factor to maximize crude tapioca production efficiency by applying cleaner production. The priority of cleaner production program from AHP analysis is socialization and training of cleaner production application, integrated waste management, and socialization and training of crude tapioca quality increasing procedures.Keywords : cleaner production, small scale industry, tapioca, AHP
OPTIMATION PROCESS AND KINETICS OF EPOXIDATION OF Jatropha curcas L. OIL BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Ratri Ariatmi N, Djumali Mangunwidjaja, Ani Suryani, Machfud dan Sudradjat
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTJatropha curcas oil (JCO) characterized with an iodine value of 90.4 g/100 g,  47.93% oleic acid and 34.42% linoleic acid, was epoxidised in situ with hydrogen peroxide as oxygen donor and acetic acid glacial as active oxygen carrier in the presence of inorganic acid catalyst (H2SO4). The results showed that H2SO4 was found effective in terms of conversion to oxirane. The effects of various factors (variables), such as temperature, hydrogen peroxide-to acetic acid mole ratio, and catalyst volume ratio, on epoxidation rate as well as on the oxirane ring stability and iodine value of curcas oil epoxidised (ECO) were studied. The effects of these variables on the conversion to epoxidised oil were also studied. The constant rate of reaction and activation energy for epoxidation of curcas Oil (CO) was found to be an order of 10_6 l mol_1 det_1 and 6.92 kcal mol_1K-1. General conclusion showed that it was possible to make epoxides using  natural renewable resources such as CO. Keywords : In situ epoxidation; kinetics ;jatropha curcas oil; hydrogen peroxide; peracetic acid.
STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) MADE BY COCONUT MILK CREAM FREEZING METHOD Sapta Raharja dan Maya Dwiyuni
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTMost commercial grade coconut oils are made from copr.  Most of the copra is dried under the sun in the open air, where it is exposed to insects and mold. The standard end product made from copra is RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) coconut oil. Both high heat and chemicals are used in this method. Some alternative technology to make Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) have been improved and investigated. These are, centrifugal force, fermentation, enzymes, etc. VCO was not made by using of heat and chemicals, it is just refining  by washing with water, filtration, and centrifugation only. In this research, VCO was made by freezing and thawing the coconut milk to destruct the emulsion of coconut milk cream, then centrifugal force was used to separate the oil from coconut milk cream. The problem of this method was high moisture content, so it must be handled by adding of salt. Salt is hygroscopic so it can absorb some water. The characterizations were done for oil moisture content, oil yield, free fatty acid, acid value and peroxide value. The result showed that all of parameters meet the APCC standard.Keywords : Virgin Coconut Oil, VCO, milk cream freezing method.
NEW ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN LEATHER TECHNOLOGY: COMBINATION TANNING USING VEGETABLE TANNIN, NAPHTHOL AND OXAZOLIDINE Ono Suparno, Anthony D. Covington dan Christine S. Evans
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTLeather tanning is a process of converting of skin or hide protein into leather with adequate strength properties, resistance to various biological and physical agents, and capable of being used for a wide range of purposes.  Leather tanning reactions between collagen-vegetable tannin-oxazolidine and collagen-dihydroxynaphthalenes (DHNs)-oxazolidine have been investigated using hide powder and sheepskin pickled pelt. This investigation showed that some DHNs have a tanning effect on collagen.  The measurement of combined and cross-linked vegetable tannin and DHNs on collagen showed that 20-50% vegetable tannin, 1,6- and 2,6-DHNs were fixed through covalent bonding.  Shrinkage temperature of the leather changed little after the non combined vegetable tannin and DHNs had been removed from the leather, indicating that the high stability of the combination tanned leather comes from the covalent bonding formed between vegetable tannage or DHNs and collagen through oxazolidine. Covalently bound tannin on collagen was more stable and could not be extracted by lyotropic agents. Keywords: tanning, leather, hydrothermal stability, vegetable tannage, dihydroxynaphthalenes, oxazolidine.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRATED POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY: A CASE STUDY OF MUNCAR FISH PROCESSING AREA Muhammad Romli dan Suprihatin
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTMuncar is one of a few major fish processing complex, which contributes significantly to the local as well as national economic development since most of the products is export oriented.  Majority of industry is characterized by the use of a relatively old type of machinery and facility and of improper waste control and management.  The fish processing as well as its related economic activity has now caused a serious environmental problem especially nuisance and water/coastal pollution.  The important environmental aspects identified include high process water consumption, less efficient use of energy and materials, and minimum implementation of industrial waste control and management.  In order to contribute to the government in establishing the framework of environmental management program in the area and in particular to assist the industry in improving its production and environmental performance, an integrated industrial pollution control strategy is proposed.  The strategy consists of input as well as output pollution control measures based on a comprehensive and reliable data of existing environmental performance.  The ultimate goal is to sustain and balance the environmental functions, namely economical, social and ecological functions.  The overall strategy exhibits a multi-year program implementation and involving many relevant government institutions and industries.  This paper describes the proposed strategy, which is now adopted by the government as a pollution control program of Muncar for the year 2007-2012.  At this present stage, the work focuses on potential implementation of input pollution control measures using cleaner production approach, such as waste prevention, reduction, reuse and recycle and their benefits to industry and environment.Keywords: cleaner production, fish processing, pollution control program, waste control and management.
RAYON FILAMENT PROPERTIES FROM FIVE LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL WOODS SPECIES Wawan Kartiwa Haroen dan Nyoman Wistara
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTFive lesser known hardwood species from recently opened settlement area in Kalimantan and Sumatra islands of Indonesia were collected and identified as Symplocos sp., Pterygota sp., Schima sp., Nyssa sp., and Gymnotroches sp. The present experiments were intended to evaluate the potential of these species for dissolving pulp and rayon production. Prehydrolized kraft process was applied to pulp the woods and an ECF bleaching method with DEDED sequences were chosen to purify the resulting pulp. All dissolving pulp and rayon filament properties were compared to Indonesian Industrial Standard SNI 14-0938-1989 for regular rayon filament and high wet modulus (HWM) rayon filament properties. It has been found that these woods can be classified as class II for raw material of pulp making with medium to long fiber, medium wood density and acceptable bulk density of chips. Gymnotroches sp. was the most difficult to delignify, as indicated by the highest kappa number of 18.8. Except for pulp brightness, all parameters tested indicated that these species are highly potential for dissolving pulp and regular rayon production. Some parameters were even indicating that these woods can be used for HWM rayon fiber.Keywords: prehydrolysis, tropical hardwood, dissolving pulp, regular rayon, HWM rayon.
PRODUCTION OF CYCLODEXTRIN FROM TAPIOCA SUBSTRATE USING PULLULANASE AND CGTase SIMULTANEOUSLY Amran Laga TIN
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTCyclodextrin is a modified starch  which can be produced from the branched-chain of tapioca starch by the enzyme CGTase activity. This enzyme attacks the straight-chain of amylopectin of the substrate produced simultaneously by the hydrolyzing enzyme pullulanase on the tapioca starch. The aims of this research were to determine the best of temperature and reaction time on production step and to determine the best of concentration of the starch substrate to produce cyclodextrin. The temperature and reaction time applied were 50, 55 and 60 oC for up to 360 minutes and sampling was conducted every 30 minutes, while the concentration of starch applied were 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% (w/v). Parameters measured were reducing sugar, starch residue, dextrose equivalent, viscosity and yield of cyclodextrin. The result showed that the branched-chain of starch was converted by the CGTase enzyme into cyclodextrin and reducing sugars. The best of temperature and reaction time for producing cyclodextrin were 60 oC and 210 minutes, respectively, which gave the highest conversion rate of cyclodextrin (~70,10 %) on 20% (w/v) tapioca substrate. Furthermore, the best of concentration of the tapioca substrate was 30% (w/v) which gave the similar highest conversion rate cyclodextrin (69.96%) and yield (209.89 g/L). These were derived from the same condition of temperature and reaction time (60 oC and 210 minutes).Keywords:  cyclodextrin, cyclization, hydrolyzing, substrate concentration, pullulanase and CGTase
THE ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF CORNED PRONAS PRODUCT OF PT CIP, DENPASAR, BALI Sukardi dan Chodilis Chandrawatisma
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTPT Canning Indonesian Products (PT CIP), formed by Japanese Government in 1942, is one of the oldest canned food companies in Indonesia.  Its main product is known as PRONAS.  A fierce competition like of today in food industry imposes PT CIP to increase and improve the values of its PRONAS attributes.The purposes of this research are to: (1) identify the corned PRONAS customer characteristics, (2) determine customer’s decision process to consume corned PRONAS, (3) determine customer’s response to the attributes of corned PRONAS, (4) analyze customer satisfaction level of corned PRONAS.By using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method, the results of this research show that corned PRONAS is a trans gender food with respondents characteristic dominated by age of 25 – 34 year old, most of them are bachelor and work for private sector.  Most of the respondents are of middle and top class society, their buying decision is based on flavor, they always planned ahead before purchasing, most of them are self willingness, and their preference is corned of the size of 198 grams.  The IPA analysis shows that the core priority to improve the products includes smell, product ingredients, flavor in accordance with price, color, the volume size, and accessibility.  The products should be maintained in their attributes of expiration date, halal status, product permit from Department of Health, customer service information, and taste.  The products are acceptable in terms of price, packaging design, packaging  practicallity, prestige, and consumed by many people.  The study recommends marketing strategy plan for the company based on CSI and IPA analyses.Keywords :   Corned, Customer Satisfaction, Importance Performance Analysis, Customer Satisfaction Index.
QUEUEING SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN FROZEN FISH FILLET PROCESS INDUSTRY (CASE STUDY AT PT. GTS, WEST JAVA) Machfud dan Arviano Haryanto Sahar
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTFishing industries are one of Indonesia huge source for Indonesia capital income, and Indonesia is one of the biggest exporter of fisheries commodity in the global market. In order to maintain and to expand its market, a study based on modern science is held to help the development of fishing industry in Indonesia. Performance of queuing system in a production line can be an indicator for effectivity and efficiency in the production system. PT. GTS is one of Indonesian companies that has a well known reputation in exporting frozen fish fillet.Analysis technique that was used in this research was Monte Carlo simulation and line balancing model. Queuing system in the frozen fish fillet production line is composed by 13 work stations and 4 of the stations are a join work station (which handle material from all of production line). This queuing system simulation named SAPFIB “Sistem Antrian Produksi Fillet Ikan Beku”, consists of three models and four sub models. Those models are queuing model that simulate queuing condition of  receiving station to panning and after curing station (Model A), line balancing model at freezing station (Model B), and model that simulate queuing system at packing station (Model C).The result for the main model simulation in the real state are balking in after curing station, queuing in the freezing station and there is no queuing in packing station. In order to improve the performance of production line, two scenario of queuing system were developed. The two scenario are changing the rate of incoming material (X’s scenario)  and changing the composition of operator in each work station (Y’s scenario).  The simulation of X’s as well as Y’s scenario showed that those scenario increase the server utilization and the processed material and the balking condition became zero. The Y’ s scenario is better than X’s scenario in term of the queuing condition. The Y’s scenario reduced the ice’s cost and speed up the flow time. Keywords: Queuing, Simulation, Frozen Fish Fillet
OPTIMIZATION PROCESS OF TEMPERATURE AND SODIUM BISULPHITE (NAHSO3) CONCENTRATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF SODIUM LIGNOSUPHONATE BASED ON PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH(EFB) Ani Suryani, Djumali Mangunwidjaja, Erliza Hambali dan Kosi Anwar
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 18 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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ABSTRACTSurfactant development is not just to find new variant of surfactant that can  be used in  industries, but it’s for finding new raw material that potential for surfactant production. One of the potentially raw materials for surfactant production is palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). That material is potential for surfactant lignosuphonate production because it contain lignin component, that is  22.21% and  it is not used optimally yet. The purposes of this research is to optimize  the using of palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) with carry out investigation in optimization of temperature and concentration of sulphonation agent  to the yield and solubility of the sodium lignosulphonate. The experimental  design that was used is two level factorial and optimization methode that was used is response surface methode. Level of temperature in this experiment is 80-100oC and sodium bisulphite concentration that was used is 40-60% (b/b). The experiment result showed that the reaction temperature and sodium bisulphite concentration had positive influence to the sodium lignosulphonate yield with significant value 98% and 99%.  Beside that, reaction temperature and sodium bisulphite concentration had also a positive influence  to the sodium lignosulphonate solubility with significant value is 58% and 65%. The result of canonic analysis to the response surface of sodium lignosulphonate yield from sodium bisulphite concentration factor (X1) and temperature (X2) showed that the model shape was saddle point. The analysis of  the result of optimum condition showed that the highest yield  is 80.19% (b/b) at sodium bisulfate concentration of 53.25% (b/b) and temperature of 103.76oC. Validation result in this condition showed that sodium lignosulphonate yield was 61.48%. The result of canonic analysis to sodium lignosulphonate solubility from sodium bisulphite concentration factor (X1) and temperature (X2) showed that the model optimum from statistical analysis of sodium lignosulphonate solubility was 97.2% at sodium bisulphite concentration of 53.49% (b/b) and temperature of 94.95oC. Validation result in this condition showed that sodium lignosuphonate solubility was 96%.Keywords : palm empty fruit bunch; organosolv lignin; sodium lignosulphonate; response  surface method

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