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INDONESIA
Pillar of Physics: Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Fisika
Published by Universitas Negeri Padang
ISSN : 23379030     EISSN : 26852608     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/10741171074
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
This journal publishes original articles on the latest issues and trends occurring internationally in: 1 Geophysics, 2 Electronics and Instrumentation, 3 Material Physics, (4) Computational Physics. Other topics are related to physics are most welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 2 (2021)" : 10 Documents clear
AUTOMATIC CHICKEN EGGS HATCHER USING DHT 22 SENSOR and DC MOTOR GEARBOX BASED ON ARDUINO YUNALDI YUNALDI; - Yohandri
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/11632171074

Abstract

The hatching machine is one of the technological developments in the field of animal husbandry in increasing livestock productivity. Hatching eggs using an incubator is much more effective than natural/conventional breeding. The incubator is an incubator that has controlled temperature and humidity. Instruments used in the manufacture of hatching machines include a DHT 22 sensor which is used as a controller of temperature and humidity values, incandescent lamps are used as a heat source from the hatching machine, ultrasonic mist maker acts as a steam mist generator, DC motor is used as an egg turning rack driver, motor driver L298N acts as a DC motor movement controller, and Arduino Uno as a microcontroller that regulates all system work. This research was conducted with the aim of producing a hatching machine that is more complex and efficient. Based on data analysis carried out from the accuracy and thoroughness. The measurement accuracy ranges from 99.64% to 100%, while the measurement accuracy ranges from 99.64% to 100%, with an average measurement error of 0.178572%.
THE EFFECT OF THE AMOUNT OF IMMERSION OF ZnO DOPING Ag THIN LAYER ON BAND GAP WITH DIP COATING METHOD Farhan El Maulid; - Yohandri; Hary Sanjaya
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12135171074

Abstract

The availability of fossil energy is decreasing day by day. Therefore, a New Renewable Energy solution is needed. One of the renewable energy is DSSC. DSSC is a photoelectrochemical-based solar cell that has a lower cost, less difficult preparation, and is environmentally friendly. DSSC be composed of working electrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. This researchintend to investigate the performance of the working electrode where the manufacture of a thin film using the dip coating method with variations in immersion and its effect on the efficiency of DSSC. This research is an experimental research. In this study, the semiconductor working electrode was made based on 9% ZnO/Ag synthesis by going through a sol-gel process. The working electrode was coated with variations of immersion 1, 3 and 5 times. The 9% ZnO/Ag thin layer was characterized by UV-DR Spectrometer. Based on the results, 9% Ag doped ZnO deposited on the ITO substrate with variations of immersion 1, 3 and 5 times showed, a band gap of 3.09 eV, 3.10 eV and 3.12 eV, respectively. Based on these data, it was applied to DSSC with the optimum efficiency shown at the electrode 1 time dip. Therefore, the greater the amount of immersion, the lower the efficiency of the DSSC.The availability of fossil energy is decreasing day by day. Therefore, a New Renewable Energy solution is needed. One of the renewable energy is DSSC. DSSC is a photoelectrochemical-based solar cell that has a lower cost, less difficult preparation, and is environmentally friendly. DSSC be composed of working electrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. This researchintend to investigate the performance of the working electrode where the manufacture of a thin film using the dip coating method with variations in immersion and its effect on the efficiency of DSSC. This research is an experimental research. In this study, the semiconductor working electrode was made based on 9% ZnO/Ag synthesis by going through a sol-gel process. The working electrode was coated with variations of immersion 1, 3 and 5 times. The 9% ZnO/Ag thin layer was characterized by UV-DR Spectrometer. Based on the results, 9% Ag doped ZnO deposited on the ITO substrate with variations of immersion 1, 3 and 5 times showed, a band gap of 3.09 eV, 3.10 eV and 3.12 eV, respectively. Based on these data, it was applied to DSSC with the optimum efficiency shown at the electrode 1 time dip. Therefore, the greater the amount of immersion, the lower the efficiency of the DSSC.
Analysis of Seismic Hazards and Vulnerability throughout Indonesia Based on 1999-2003 Earthquake Data Using the Microseismic Method muthia puteri amarda; - Syafriani
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/11929171074

Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a complex geological structure. Its location at the confluence of three plates, namely the Eurasian plate, the Indo-Australian plate, and the Pacific plate causes high tectonic activity. This seismic activity causes high seismicity levels, especially along the subduction zone. An earthquake with a large magnitude can occur and cause a high level of damage, so it is necessary to know about the language of earthquake resistance. Earthquake vulnerability is useful for mitigating earthquakes that will occur so that people are more alert to earthquake disasters that can occur anytime and anywhere. This research is a descriptive type of research, namely by collecting data on the JINSET (Japan Indonesian Seismic Network) earthquake catalog in 1999-2003 with M greater than 5 S.R. Earthquake hazard data processing using geopsy software for HVSR analysis. The horizontal component data is divided by the vertical component in the frequency domain so that the H/V value is obtained.
SEISMIC RATE CHANGE ANALYSIS BASED ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEISMOTECTONICS IN NORTHERN SUMATRA Vicky Fikrotu Zakiyah; S Syafriani
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12157171074

Abstract

The northern Sumatra has a high level of seismic activity. Before a significant earthquake occurs, there is a seismic quiescence phenomenon that precedes a significant earthquake.This phenomenon can be observed in seismic rate changes based on the spatial distribution of z-value.The data used are from the NEIC/USGS website, period 1990-2021. The study was conducted in five focus zones, three zones in the 2004 (9.2 SR), 2005 (7.8 SR) 2010 (7.1 SR) earthquake, two zones with coordinates 0.6-1.8 North Latitude and 96.8-97.6 East Longitude and zones with coordinates 3.6-4.8 North Latitude and 97.8-98.6 East Longitude. Using the z-value spatial distribution method, the region is divided into several grids. Z-value is calculated for each grid and describes the seismic rate change in the northern Sumatra. Based on the results obtained, before the 2004, 2005, and 2010 earthquake events, there was a seismic quiescence phenomenon that preceded the earthquake event. The seismic quiescence phenomenon appears afew years in early 2021 in a zone that has high seismic activity. Meanwhile, in zones that have low seismic activity, the increase seismic activity appears six years before the beginning of 2021. The spatial distribution of z-values in early 2021, there is a phenomenon of a decrease in seismic activity in several areas of northern Sumatra.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Hydrophobic Characteristic of Silica Manganese /Polystyrene (SiMn/PS) Nanocomposite Dian Septiana; - Ratnawulan
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/11958171074

Abstract

Currently a lot of research has been done on hydrophobic layers, but in its application the layer is easily damaged and is not corrosion resistant. Therefore, this research intends to decide the effect of variations insintering temperature on the hydrophobic characteristic of SiMn/PS nanocomposite layers using a sintering temperature of 60oC,100oC,140oC,180oC and 200oC for 1 hour using a furnace.This research was conducted in the Material Physics Laboratoryof0theFacultyof0Mathematics and Natural Sciences and the Chemistry Laboratory of0th eFaculty of0Mathematics and Natural Sciences,Padang State University.This research uses HEM-3D (High Energy Milling Ellipse-3D Mention), XRD(X-RayDifraction) and0SEM (ScanningElectron Microscope) tools. The precursor was made by giving 0.5 grams of polystyrene, 0.2 grams of silica powder and 0.2 grams of manganese powder. Coating is done by spin coating method. The results of this research from the variation of the sintering temperature showed that the SiMn/PS nanocomposite layer was hydrophobic based on the contact angle test.The highest contact angle is at a temperature of 600C.Currently a lot of research has been done on hydrophobic layers, but in its application the layer is easily damaged and is not corrosion resistant. Therefore, this research intends to decide the effect of variations in sintering temperature on the hydrophobic characteristic of SiMn/PS nanocomposite layers using a sintering temperature of 60oC, 100oC, 140oC, 180oC and 200oC for 1 hour using a furnace. This research was conducted in the Material Physics Laboratory0of0the0Faculty0of0Mathematics0and0Natural0Sciences and the Chemistry Laboratory0of0the0Faculty0of0Mathematics0and0Natural0Sciences, 0Padang0State0University.This research uses HEM-3D (High Energy Milling Ellipse-3D Mention), XRD0 (X-Ray0Difraction) 0and0SEM0(Scanning Electron Microscope) tools. The precursor was made by giving 0.5 grams of polystyrene, 0.2 grams of silica powder and 0.2 grams of manganese powder. Coating is done by spin coating method. The results of this research from the variation of the sintering temperature showed that the SiMn/PS nanocomposite layer was hydrophobic based on the contact angle test. The highest contact angle is at a temperature of 600C.
CHARACTERIZATION STRUCTURE MICRO OF GRAPHENE OXIDE WHICH SYNTHESIS FROM BAGASSE WITH MODIFIED HUMMERS METHOD viola sesri wahyuli; - Ramli
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12227171074

Abstract

This study aims to form a graphene oxide layer from bagasse, which by knowing the microstructure of the layer graphene oxide can be used as microwave absorption. In the process, bagasse is made into activated carbon with various carbonation temperatures, namely 300oC, 350oC, 400oC and 450oC. Then it was synthesized using the modified hummers method by mixing carbon with H2SO4, KMnO4, H2O2 and aquades. Then they were characterized using FTIR, XRD and SEM.Based on the FTIR data, it states that there is a relationship between carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) which proves the formation of a graphene oxide layer. Also based on the results of XRD which states that the diffraction angle is in the range of 10o-90o and has the highest crystal size of 40.5267076 nm. Likewise, the results from SEM which stated that the best graphene oxide was at an average particle size of 81,4043598 nm. The resulting graphene oxide is also shaped like monolayer sheets.
THE EFFECT OF PH VARIATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE MnFe2O4/PS NANOCOMPOSITE LAYER AS SELF CLEANING Ipal Ipal; - Ratnawulan
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12199171074

Abstract

Manganese is a metal element found in group VII, has an atomic weight of 54.93u, with a boiling point of 20320˚C, while the melting point is 12470˚C, and has a reddish-gray color. Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) or also known as hematite or maghemite iron ore, iron hematite (α – Fe2O3) is a simple oxide which has a hexagonal (rhombohedral) structure and has the R3c space group. Manganese was used as reinforcement in this research, while the matrix used was polystyrene. In this study, 5 variations of pH MnFe2O4/PS, namely 5,6,7,8 and 9 nanocomposites were synthesized using the spin coating method with manganese oxide (MnO2) and iron ore (Fe2O3) precursors. The composite gel is dropped on the glass substrate then the drying process is carried out in an oven. MnFe2O4/PS nanocomposites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). giving acid and alkaline solutions affects the size of the crystals, when adding a base (25% Na4OH) the crystal size becomes small while when the acid is added (100% CO3COOH) the crystal size is larger. : pH 8: pH 9 an increase in crystal size and grain size occurs.
The Effect of Variation in SiMn/PS Nanocomposite Composition on Hydrophobic Properties Sisi Gusti Putri; - Ratnawulan
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/11961171074

Abstract

Many researches on the synthesis of hydrophobic coatings have been carried out, but in use, the coating is easily scratched, easily damaged by contact with other objects and easy to corrode, thereby reducing the quality of the coating. This can hinder the application of hydrophobic coatings in industry and others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hydrophobic coating that is strong and durable and anti-corrosion so that it can improve the quality of a surface. For this reason, research is carried out by mixing a substrate that has anti-corrosion properties such as silica and is hard such as manganese in order to overcome the problems that occurred previously using the spin coating method. The precursor was made by adding 0.5 grams of polystyrene composition, with varying SiMn composition. The coating was carried out using the spin coating method and the calcination temperature was 60°C using an oven for 1 hour. The results of this study from the composition variation showed that the SiMn/PS nanocomposite layer was hydrophobic based on the contact angle test. The largest contact angle at 50%:50% composition.
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS OF COMPOSITION OF FELSDPAR AND THE SHELL OF PENSI SHELL (Corbicula Moltkiana) FROM LAKE MANINJAU ON THE FLEXIBILITY OF DENTURE Arni Sopianti; Riri Jonuarti; - Ratnawulan; - Gusnedi
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12206171074

Abstract

Utilization of waste pensi shells (Corbicula Moltkiana) in Lake Maninjau has not been fully optimal so that a more economical business is needed. One of them is the use of calcium oxide in pensi shells. Calcium oxide is one of the most commonly used calcium in the manufacture of dentures. This study aims to determine the value of the optimum flexural strength of the denture in order to obtain a higher quality denture material on the pensi shell that can be utilized and which has economic value. The method used is the experimental method. The sample used in this study with a size of 90 mm X 18 mm X 8 mm for testing flexibility / flexural strength. The total samples used in this study were 12 samples for testing the flexibility/flexural strength using a bending testing machine. For the use of pensi shell material, a calcination process was carried out at a temperature of 1000℃ on the pensi shell material and then characterized using XRF to determine the ingredients. The results of the characterization using XRF showed that pensi shells contain calcium elements of 97.121% and about 3% other elements such as Si, Al, P, Ag, Mn and Fe. Then the pensi shell material is mixed with other ingredients such as felsdpar, quartz, and kaolin. The material is mixed and then molded for flexural testing specimens. Based on the test results of this study, the highest flexibility value for denture samples was found in sample 4 with the most variations of pensi shell powder. The highest denture flexibility value is 25.778 MPa with a variation of 30 gram pensi shell powder in sample 4. The lowest denture flexibility value is 5.727 MPa with a variation of 0 gram pensi shell powder in sample 1. This is due to the addition of pensi shell powder. can increase the value of flexibility in dentures. The increase in the flexibility value was influenced by the CaO content obtained from the pensi shell powder.
MAPPING OF THE PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION AND EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY IN PADANG CITY USING EMPIRICAL FORMULATION WITH ACCELEROGRAPH DATA VALIDATION Adya Mustika Sari; - Syafriani; Fajri Syukur Rahmatullah
PILLAR OF PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Department of Physics – Universitas Negeri Padang UNP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/12134171074

Abstract

The city of Padang is an area severely affected by the earthquake that occurred in the Subduction zone. Earthquakes with large magnitudes greatly affect the damage to buildings, one of the factors that can determine the size of the damage is the peak ground acceleration. The peak ground acceleration and earthquake intensity in Padang City can be calculated using an empirical formula. The research area is on the grid with a distance of 0,02°, in order to obtain 196 calculation points. The empirical formula used is Mc. Guire, Si and Midorikawa, Fukushima-Tanaka, and Donovan which were validated with peak ground acceleration data from accelerographs so as to produce an appropriate empirical formula used to calculate the peak ground acceleration value in Padang City. From the validation process it was found that the Fukushima-Tanaka formula is the appropriate formula used to calculate the peak ground acceleration value in the city of Padang with the lowest average error percentage. The results of the calculation show that the highest peak ground acceleration value is in Bungus Teluk Kabung District, which is 69-73 gal, while the lowest peak ground acceleration value is in Koto Tangah District, which is 60-65,5 gal. Based on the peak ground acceleration value, it is known that the intensity of the earthquake in Padang City has a scale of VI MMI.

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