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International Journal of Applied Biology
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25802410     EISSN : 25802119     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Energy Environmental Science
International Journal of Applied Biology is an international, peer reviewed journal, publishing high-quality research. International Journal of Applied Biology only publishes manuscripts in English. Please see the journal's Focus & Scope for information about its Scope and peer-review policy. International Journal of Applied Biology is available in print and online version.
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Articles 23 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology" : 23 Documents clear
Use of Gis for Spatial Mapping of Soil Fertility in Dhanusha, Nepal Santosh kumar Yadav; Karuna Kafle; Abichal Poudel; Rashil Gelal; Bhushan Adhikari
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.18449

Abstract

Soil fertility evaluation is an important aspect in the context of sustainable agricultural production of an area. This study was carried out to find the soil fertility status of the Dhanushadham Municipality, Dhanusha, Nepal located at 26°52’N, 86o02’E using GPS and GIS. A total of 61 soil samples were collected based on land use, slope, and aspects with the use of Google Earth Pro (GEP) and ArcGIS. The soil was analyzed for its texture, soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium. The majority of the study area (36.35%) has loam soils followed by (28.17%) sandy loam soil. The soil pH was strongly acidic to nearly neutral with pH values ranging from 5.2 to 7.5. The Soil organic matter (SOM) varied from 1.14% to 1.83% with a mean value of 1.52% and was medium in most of the soil. The mean total Nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 0.08 %, 120.96 kg/ha, and 146.13 kg/ha respectively. The total nitrogen was found to be medium in content, Phosphorus is high in content and potassium is low in content in the study area. To maintain the nutrient status of soil, use of organic manure, reduced use of chemical fertilizers, and different soil management practices should be adopted in this area. The study can conclude that GPS and GIS based soil fertility mapping helps farmers, scientists, planners, researchers, and students in providing soil test based fertilizer recommendation for sustainable soil management as well as developing future research strategies in the farm.
The Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible hepatitis viruses in Kwara state Nigeria. Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.18622

Abstract

The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as other health complications associated with infections due to Hepatis B and C Viruses are significant around the world. A number of research suggests that assumed healthy living individuals and potential blood donors are the major reservoirs of the Viruses in the community. During the course of this study, a total of 300 apparently healthy blood donors who presented to the blood group serology unit for blood donation across Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, were screened to determine the Sero-prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Hepatitis Viruses (Hepatitis B and C Viruses). Blood samples obtained from consented potential blood donors were collected and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Anti-HCV using immunochromatographic methods. The positive samples after the initial qualitative screening were subjected to Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirmation of HBV and HCV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) following standard best practices. The results showed that 10% and 0.7% of the blood samples tested positive for HBV and HCV respectively. The male donors had more HBV infection 24 (8.0%) than the females 6 (2.0%). Donors with O Rhesus D positive blood type had more HBV infection 12 (4.0), while blood groups AB Negative, B Negative and O negative showed the least prevalence of 0 (0.0%). The age group of donors above 30 years of age had more HBV prevalence with 37.3% while the age group of 26 to 30 years showed the least prevalence of 28.7%. Data obtained from the piloted structured questionnaires designed to study the socio-demography of the participants showed that HBV was more prevalent among single blood donors, Civil servant/professional workers, and among blood donors that have successfully completed their tertiary education. The data from this research however, showed a negative correlation between the spread of the transfusion transmissible hepatitis viruses and the educational/ occupational standards of the test subjects who were included in this research. The highest rates of viremia were recorded among blood donors residing in urban areas however, the prevalence was not statistically different (p≥0.05).
Diversity and Composition of Dragonfly (Odonata) at The Punden Sumur Bumi Area, Surabaya, East Java Muhamad Azmi Dwi Susanto
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20126

Abstract

The Sumur Bumi Punden is a location used for spiritual tourism. The Punden Sumur Bumi area has a stagnant aquatic ecosystem type and a low level of disturbance and pollution. Therefore, the Punden Sumur Bumi area has the potential to be a natural habitat for dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity and composition of the dragonfly community in Sumur Bumi Punden. This study uses the visual day-flying observation technique modified by the transect method. The Punden Sumur Bumi area has a moderate diversity index value, with a value of H' = 2.57. In the Sumur Bumi Punden area, 17 species were found with a total of 124 individuals, including the species with the highest relative abundance, namely Brachythemis contaminata. Meanwhile, the species with the lowest relative abundance was Diplacodes trivialis. The composition of dragonflies showed that the swamp location had the highest species richness and abundance values, namely 16 species and a total of 79 individuals. Meanwhile, the grassland location has the lowest species richness, namely only 5 species.
Potential of Hexadecanoic Acid as Antimicrobials in Bacteria and Fungi that Cause Decay in Mustard Greens Brassica juncea L. Nadhila Idris
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20198

Abstract

Mustard greens Brassica juncea L. one of vegetable that is very easily damaged by microorganisms known as soft rot disease. This causes a decrease in the quality of green mustard so that it cannot last long. A study entitled “The Potential of Hexadecanoic Acid Compounds as Antimicrobials in Bacteria and Fungi that Cause Decay in Mustard Greens Brassica juncea L.". This research aims to specify the effect of hexadecanoic acid compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi that cause decay in mustard greens. An inhibition test was carried out on Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and Fusarium oxysporum fungus using 10%, 20%, and 40% hexadecanoic acid test compounds. The results obtained showed that 10%, 20%, and 40% hexadecanoic acid extracts were able to inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas campestris bacteria and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Hexadecanoic acid compounds are bacteriostatic in Xanthomonas campestris and fungi Fusarium oxysporum are fungistatic.
A Retrospective analysis of malaria prevalence from 2015 to 2020 in Sibu Sire Woreda, East Wollega Zone, and Western Ethiopia, Desalegn Amenu; Temesgen Tafesse
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20420

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to analysis the trends of malaria prevalence and surveillance data from 2015 to 2020 in Sibu Sire Woreda, East Wollega Zone, and Western Ethiopia. A Retrospective study was conducted on purposely selected   hospital and health centers of Sibu sire woreda, East wollega zone zones September 2015 to August 2020. From the total 20,030 cases of malaria reported in Sibu Sire Woreda from 2015- 2020,  6,965 confirmed cases were reported, 2,234, 3,203 and 1,528 in Chingi health center, Sibu Sire health center and Sibu Sire Hospital, respectively. The high prevalence of malaria cases in the study are was reported both in autumn and spring seasons (April to   September), and in relation to year distribution, more confirmed cases were reported during 2011 and 2012. The study demonstrated that malaria is a public health concern, in which P. falciparum and P. vivax are the predominant species, so, it needs more interventions to interrupt disease transmission and eventual reduction malaria of malaria cases Sibu Sire Woreda.
Ethno-medicinal Usage Ethno-medicinal Usage of Invasive Plants in Traditional Health Care Practices: A Review Prabin Adhikari; Swastika Acharya; Sabina Sigdel; Ganga Kandel
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20430

Abstract

Nepal is a small South Asian country with a varied geographical and bioclimatic landscape. Invasive Plant Species have already been introduced in large numbers, causing the extinction of native species and disrupting crop production, as well as degrading endangered animal habitats, changing plant species composition, and interfering with tree seedling regeneration. However, it is critical in the health treatment of rural populations in developing countries. Our study will look at and compile knowledge on the therapeutic applications of invasive plants utilized by a range of Nepalese communities. We combed through numerous websites, including Research Gate and Google Scholar, for historical and contemporary studies on the therapeutic usage of Nepal's invasive plants.24 species from 12 families of invasive alien plant species were identified to be utilized for medicinal purposes by Nepalese rural people. The 39 diseases for which medicinal plants were reported were diabetes, rheumatism, fever, ulcers, bronchitis, kidney stone, asthma, urinary insufficiency, and others. Traditional knowledge of invasive plant species' uses is diminishing due to the negative effects of invasive plant species on the ecosystem; hence, rigorous documentation of ethnomedicinal knowledge on invasive plant species is needed. Thus, the medicinal potentialities of unwanted invasive species, which are sometimes neglected by others, will provide a gem for the study world.
Microbial and Physicochemical Assessment of Soil Contaminated with Cassava Waste Water in Makurdi Metropolis Joel Odo
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20605

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a burning topic of the day. Air, water and soil are being polluted alike. Soil being a "universal sink" bears the greatest burden of environmental pollution. It is getting polluted in a number of ways. There is urgency in controlling the soil pollution in order to preserve the soil fertility and increase the productivity. In this research work, the microbial and physiochemical assessment of soil contaminated with cassava waste water were studied using standard-based method and standard analytical methods. A total of 6 soil samples were obtained from Naka road, North bank and Gboko road. Three of the soil samples were contaminated with cassava waste water and the remaining three soil samples were used as control. The isolation and enumeration of microbial population was carried out using standard-based methods. Standard analytical methods were used to assay for physicochemical properties. The highest bacterial count of 3.40x103 , 2.85x103 and 2.70x103 CFU/g for Naka road, Gboko road and North bank respectively while for uncontaminated soil were 4.70x104 , 2.90x104 and 2.70x104 CFU/g for North bank Naka road, and Gboko road respectively. There is significant difference in the total viable count between contaminated and uncontaminated (P<0.05). The fungal counts for the polluted and control soil ranged from fungi count 1.16 x 103 5.70 x 101 to 1.4×103±2.82×103 CFU/g, respectively. The fungal counts were significantly lower than the bacterial counts (p < 0.05). The bacteria isolates were pseudomonas spp, Bacillus spp, Micrococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp, and Proteus spp and for the fungi isolates were Aspergillus spp, Geotrichum spp, Mucor spp and Rhizopus spp. The present study shows that the cassava effluent can have an increasing or limiting effect on the microbial diversity of the polluted soil which could also be attributed to the simultaneous impact on the physicochemical parameters of the soil. Therefore the release of Cassava waste water into the environment should be discouraged; processor should be trained on simple treatment technique on effluents that will make it less harmful to the environment. And there need for public awareness on the danger of releasing effluents into the environment.
Some Plants Used for Reproductive Health by Women in Agbarha-Otor Community, Delta State Mark Aihiokhai; MacDonald Idu; Thessy Arueyingho
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.20989

Abstract

Overtime, the state of maternal health in Nigeria is poor and can be attributed to inadequate access to reproductive health services, poverty and in some areas, cultural resistance. Medicinal plants used in Agbarha-Otor, Ughelli, Nigeria for managing women’s reproductive health during pregnancy, birth and post-partum were investigated in this study. Surveys were conducted using semi structured questionnaire as well as guided field-walks where respondents, specifically, Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs), were interviewed. A total of 30 plants belonging to 23 families having properties against different conditions, ailments and peculiarities relating to gynaecological conditions in women were documented. Most of the documented plants belong to Asteraceae family. Also, most of the reported plants were majorly herbs and shrubs which were surveyed plants from the wild. Leaves were the most frequently used plants’ part. Most of the medications were prepared as decoctions and mostly administered orally. From the survey, it can be deduced that the use medicinal plants for reproductive healthcare and gynaecological conditions in the study area is still in practice. Scientific validation of the biological properties of the surveyed plants is highly advocated and cultivation of medicinal plants to minimize the pressure on wild species is also recommended.
Antioxidant Properties of Albizia lebbeck Seed Protein Hydrolysates Oluwafemi Ekun
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.21015

Abstract

Peptide based antioxidants from plant and animal proteins are being identified as food additives and also as potential alternatives in the reduction of oxidative stress. This study investigated the antioxidative potentials of peptide digests of Albizia lebbeck seed protein. The proteins were extracted and isolated from A. lebbeck by defatting with n-hexane, followed by alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation of the seed meal. The protein isolate was then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using four proteases – pepsin, trypsin, papain and chymotrypsin. The resulting hydrolysates were then evaluated for their abilities to reduce ferric ions, as well as their effects on hydroxyl radicals, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals. Hydrolysates obtained from peptic proteolysis demonstrated the best activities against DPPH radical and ferric ions (57.589 ± 1.286% and 52.000 ± 0.589 mM Fe2+ respectively), whereas chymotrypsin hydrolysates scavenged superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals better than other protein digests (74.520 ± 0.998% and 36.925 ± 1.880% respectively). The choice of enzyme used and the presence of specific amino acid residues at certain positions of peptides in the hydrolysates influenced their antioxidant capacities. It is concluded that Albizia lebbeck seed proteins encode potentially bioactive peptides, which could be harnessed for numerous therapeutic and nutraceutical benefits.
Evaluation of Performace of Different Varieties of Potato (Sonalum tuberosum L.) in Bajhang, Nepal Saroj Thapa
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i2.21224

Abstract

A study to Evaluate the performance of different varieties of potato was conducted in Daulichaur, Bajhang from February to June, 2021. Six commonly grown potato varieties namely Cardinal, Janakdev, Khumal rato-2, Khumal Ujjwol, MS 42.3 and Bajhang local were used for the study. An experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments replicating 4 times each. The data on plant height, number of main stems per hill, number of leaves, and canopy diameter were taken at different days after planting (DAP) and the data on number and weight of tubers were taken after harvesting of potato. Data entry and analysis was done in MS-Excel and R-Studio. Significant variation among the varieties in terms of plant height, main stem per hill, canopy diameter and leaves number per plant was observed. Number of stems per hill was found maximum (3.88) and minimum (1.63) on Bajhang local and Janakdev respectively. Plant height is found maximum on Janakdev (42.75 cm) and minimum on Khumal rato-2 (21.45 cm). The maximum (40.90) and minimum (27.55) number of leaves per plant was recorded on Khumal Ujjwol and Cardinal while maximum and minimum canopy diameter was observed on Bajhang local (40.90 cm) and Khumal rato-2 (36.12 cm). Similarly, yield and all the yield attributing parameters was found significant at 5% level of significance. Highest number of tuber per plant was observed on Bajhang local (17.25) and lowest number of tuber per plant was observed on Khumal rato-2 (8.25) in which highest number of marketable size tuber per plant (>25g) was recorded on Khumal Ujjwol (12.05) and lowest number of marketable size tuber per plant (<25g) was recorded on Khumal rato-2 (5.75) but variation among the varieties in case of unmarketable tuber per plant was non-significant. Highest tuber weight per plant (485.50g) and lowest tuber weight per plant (306.25g) was recorded from Khumal Ujjwol and MS 42.3 respectively. The highest tuber yield was recorded from Khumal Ujjwol (40.45 t/ha) and lowest from MS 42.3 (25.52 t/ha).

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