Yudiwanti Yudiwanti
Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian-IPB, Bogor Kampus IPB Dramaga

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Potensi Beberapa Varietas Jagung untuk Dikembangkan sebagai Varietas Jagung Semi Yudiwanti, Yudiwanti; Sepriliyana, W R; Budiarti, S G
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 2 (2010): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Jagung semi merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang semakin digemari, akan tetapi produksinyadi Indonesia menghadapi kendala antara lain belum tersedianya varietas jagung yang khusus untuk diproduksi sebagaijagung semi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi potensi dari beberapa varietas jagung untukdikembangkan sebagai varietas jagung semi. Penelitian lapangan dilaksanakan di KP IPB Leuwikopo, Dramaga,Bogor dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2009. Bahan genetik yang digunakan terdiri dari 17 varietas koleksi BB Biogen,yaitu lima varietas lokal (Campaloga, Genjah Kodok, Ketip Kuning, Lokal Oesae, dan Lokal Srimanganti), tujuhvarietas hasil pemuliaan (Antasena, Arjuna P18, Bayu, BC 10 MS 15 , Nakula, Sadewa, dan Wisanggeni), lima varietasintroduksi (EW DMR Pool C6S2, EY Pool C4S2, Kiran, Phil DMR Comp 2, dan Phil DMR 6), dan satu varietaskontrol, Bisi-2. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan tiga ulangan. Peubah yangdiamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah buku, diameter batang, umur berbunga, umur panen pertama, jumlah tongkolper tanaman, bobot tongkol bersih per tanaman, ukuran tongkol (diameter dan panjang tongkol), jumlah tongkollayak pasar, dan jumlah tongkol afkir per tanaman. Data dari peubah yang diamati dianalisis dengan ANOVA diikutidengan uji t-Dunnett. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar varietas yang dievaluasi lebih pendekdan berbunga lebih cepat serta dipanen lebih awal, dibanding kontrol. Varietas-varietas Ketip Kuning, Antasena,BC 10 MS 15, dan EW DMR Pool C6S2 menghasilkan jumlah tongkol per tanaman dan bobot tongkol bersih tidakberbeda dari Bisi-2 sebagai kontrol. Varietas-varietas tersebut dapat dikembangkan sebagai varietas jagung semi.Hasil penelitian ini menguatkan diperlukannya perakitan varietas jagung khusus untuk produksi jagung semi yangbertongkol banyak dan layak pasar.ABSTRACT. Yudiwanti, W.R. Sepriliyana, and S.G. Budiarti. 2010. The Potential of Some Maize Varietiesto be Developed as Baby Corn Varieties. Baby corn is one of vegetables which was increasingly popular, but itsproduction in Indonesia was facing constraints such as unavailability of special variety to produce baby corn. Theresearch objective was to obtain information on the potential of several varieties of corn to be developed as baby cornvariety. The experiment conducted at Leuwikopo-IPB experimental field at Dramaga, Bogor from May until July 2009.The genetic material was consisted of 17 collection varieties of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development, they were: five local varieties (Campaloga, Genjah Kodok, KetipKuning, Local Oesae, and Local Srimanganti), seven breeding varieties (Antasena, Arjuna P18, Bayu, BC 10 MS 15,Nakula, Sadewa, and Wisanggeni), five introduced varieties (EW DMR Pool C6S2, EY Pool C4S2, Kiran, Phil DMRComp 2, and Phil DMR 6), and one control variety, Bisi-2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completelyblock design with three replications. Variables measured were plant height, number of nodes, stem diameter, dateof flowering, date of first harvesting, number of ears per plant, gross weight of ears per plant, net weight of ears perplant, ear size (diameter and length of ears), number of marketable, and nonmarketable baby corn ears. Data measuredwere analyzed with ANOVA followed by t-Dunnett test. The results showed that most of the varieties evaluated wereshorter and flowering faster and also harvested earlier than Bisi-2 as control. Ketip Kuning, Antasena, BC 10 MS 15,and EW DMR Pool C6S2 varieties did not showed any significant different in the number of ear per plant and earnet weight per plant compare with Bisi-2 as control. It showed that those varieties could be developed as baby cornvariety. The results of this study reinforce the need for creating special corn varieties for baby corn production
PENINGKATAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK PURWOCENG MELALUI IRADIASI SINAR GAMMA DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO ROOSTIKA, IKA; DARWATI, IRENG; YUDIWANTI, YUDIWANTI
853-8212
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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ABSTRAKPeningkatkan keragaman genetik purwoceng memerlukan aplikasiteknologi alternatif yang mampu membentuk keragaman baru. Tujuanpenelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik dan toleransipurwoceng terhadap cekaman suhu tinggi melalui iradiasi dan seleksi invitro. Tahapan penelitian meliputi induksi mutasi kalus embriogenikdengan sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro dengan cekaman suhu tinggi, induksiperakaran  somaklon  putatif,  analisis  keragaman  genetik  secaraflowcytometry, dan aklimatisasi somaklon putatif. Iradiasi dilakukan padadosis 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 Krad sedangkan seleksi in vitro dilakukan padatiga level suhu (20, 25, dan 30 0 C). Induksi perakaran dilakukan dalam duatahap, dengan menggunakan media DKW atau MS yang mengandungsukrosa 3-6% dengan penambahan IBA atau NAA taraf 0,5-1,5 ppm. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus purwoceng mampu bertahan hiduppada dosis iradiasi tertinggi (5 Krad). Meningkatnya dosis iradiasicenderung meningkatkan pendewasaan embrio somatik. Pada tahap seleksiin vitro, kalus purwoceng mampu tumbuh pada kondisi suhu tertinggi(30 0 C). Tingkat proliferasi kalus yang tinggi dan jumlah embrio somatikterbanyak diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu 25 0 C. Embrio somatik yangterbentuk dari perlakuan suhu tinggi tersebut merupakan kandidatsomaklon yang toleran suhu tinggi pada lingkungan dataran rendah.Diantara embrio somatik yang terbentuk, hanya embrio yang berasal dariperlakuan suhu 20 0 C saja yang berhasil membentuk planlet. Media yangterbaik untuk induksi perakaran adalah media MS yang mengandungsukrosa 4% dengan penambahan NAA 1,5 ppm. Analisis ploidi pada daunembrio somatik menunjukkan terbentuknya varian yang bersifat tetraploid(4x).Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan, iradiasi sinar gamma, seleksi in vitro,keragaman genetik, suhu tinggiABSTRACTTo improve new pruatjan genetic variations, the alternativetechnology should be applied. The objective of the research was to increasepruatjan genetic variation and tolerance to the high temperature throughinduced mutation and in vitro selection. The steps of this study were inducedmutation of embryogenic callus by gamma irradiation, in vitro selection, rootinduction of putative somaclones, genetic variation analysis by flowcytometer,and putative somaclones acclimatization. The dosages of gamma irradiationwere 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Krad. In vitro selection was conducted at threetemperatures (20, 25, and 30 0 C). The root induction was conducted in twosteps by using DKW or MS media containing of 3-6% sucrose withaddition of 0.5-1.5 ppm IBA or NAA. The result showed that embryogeniccalli could survive after treatment of the highest gamma irradiation dose. Ittends to increase the maturation of somatic embryos. During in vitroselection, embryogenic calli could grow at the highest temperature but thehighest callus proliferation and the number of somatic embryos wereobtained from 25 0 C. The somatic embryos survived and grew at the hightemperature are assumed as somaclones which considered as thecandidates of tolerant plants to high temperature that can be developed inthe of low altitude area. Among the regenerated somatic embryos, only the20 0 C-derived embryos were successfully form plantlets. The best mediumfor root induction was MS basal medium containing of 4% sucrosesupplemented with 1.5 ppm NAA. The ploidy analysis of somatic embryosleaf showed a tetraploid (4x) variant.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, gamma irradiation, in vitro selection,genetic variation, high temperature