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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 22249028 EISSN : 22249028 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Education, Engineering,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Mathematics

The coverage is focused on, but not limited to, the main areas of activity of ASEAN COST, namely: Biotechnology, Non-Conventional Energy Research, Materials Science and Technology, Marine Sciences, Meteorology and Geophysics, Food Science and Technology, Microelectronics and Information Technology, Space Applications, and Science and Technology Policy, Infrastructure and Resources Development.

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Articles 477 Documents

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Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and its Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid X.V Bui; T.D Thang
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 2 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The main goal of this study is to elaborate and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder: an associate compound of hydroxyapatite (HA): Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and beta-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP): Ca3(PO4)2. The new compound BCP has two advantages: high bioactivity (HA) and fast biodegradation (?-TCP). The obtained powder of BCP was prepared by the precipitate method. XRD analysis confirmed the synthetic material contained both HA and ?-TCP crystalline phases. SEM images showed that the small particles of HA attached to bigger particles of ?-TCP in the structure morphology of BCP. The in vitro experiment was carried out in static condition by soaking of a series of 50 mg BCP powder in 100 ml of simulated body fluid solution at different period of soaking time. The XRD and SEM methods studied the microstructureand chemical bond after soaking. The obtained results confirmed the bioactivity of synthetic BCP material by the formation of a new apatite layer on its surface.

Wound Healing Post-mesh Repair ? An Observational Study M.N Lebbe; J Kularajasingham; P Dioso
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 2 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study identified the best surgical mesh repair techniques for inguinal hernia and prevalence of wound healing post-mesh repair. The cross-sectional study design used cluster sampling for data collection. Of the 120 respondents, 48.3% preferred anterior tension-free mesh repair and 49.2% Lichtenstein mesh repair, both identified as the common surgical techniques in eastern Sri Lanka. About 82.5% of the respondents (n = 99) healed while 17% (n = 21) had recurrence of hernia after one month. Nevertheless, 2.5% of the total respondents said that the hernia repaired after one month but less than two months; and 97.5% of the interviewees stated that they recovered in less than one month regardless of the surgical mesh repair technique. Respondents aged 30–39 faced little impact on healing time with mesh repair (p = 0.4393), while those aged 40–49 probably had also longer healing time (p = 0.3947). Recovering period differed significantly (p = 0.862), on pain ordiscomfort, especially when bending over, coughing or lifting heavy objects.

Synthesis and in vitro Experiment of Biomaterial Tricalcium Phosphate X.V Bui
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 2 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Calcium phosphate ceramics consist of materials such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium phosphate cement (CPC), biphasic calcium phosphate, etc. CPCs have been used for filling bone defects in dentistry and orthopedics. Among these materials, ?-tricalcium phosphate is suggestedas an ideal candidate for bone graft in hard tissue engineering due to its high biocompatibility, bioactivity and bone bonding. The preparation, as well as the application of this powder material, has been the important topic of research in material science. In this paper, ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP), a component that has chemical formulation similar to bone structure, was synthesized by the precipitate method and then calcinated at 1000oC for 5 h. The physico-chemical properties of synthetic material were examined by XRD, FT-IR and SEM methods. In vitro experience was also carried by soaking ?-TCP simulated body fluid powder in a different period of time. Obtained results confirmed the quality of ?-TCP synthetic material and its bioactivity.

A Clinical Audit on the Compliance of Ultrasound Users to the Standard Operating Procedure of Ultrasonography in a Private Radiologic Academy Y Yuliawati; P Dioso
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 2 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This clinical audit identified the compliance rate of ultrasound users to the standard operating procedures (SOP); and identified the factors that led to a compliance rate of ultrasound human users. The review was conducted for six days in a private radiologic academy in Indonesia. Only 23 subjects selected randomly were audited. Of the 23 participants, there were 11 males and 12 females. Of the 11 males, seven were compliant, and three were non-compliant. Of the 12 females, eight were compliant, and four were non-compliant. The factors that affect the compliance to the SOP were based on the skills of the participants. Another factor identified was the way the standard operating procedure communicated to the human users on how to perform the ultrasound. Further training was therefore planned.

Knowledge and Caring Attitude of Sri Lankan Nurses in Providing Care for Dying Patients ? A Cohort Study M.M Rajudeen; M. Janoof; P Dioso
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 33 No. 2 (2016): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This research identified evidence of knowledge and caring attitude among Sri Lankan nurses caring for dying patients; and identified the factors affecting nursing care for the dying in the eastern province of Sri Lanka. A quantitative cohort study design was used having questionnaires as the means of collecting the data. The purposive way of sampling selected 120 staff nurses employed in a government hospital as respondents who falls under the inclusion and exclusion criteria.There was significant evidence of caring attitude towards the dying (p = 0.005534) and knowledge on the end-of-life nursing care (p = 0.0004703) for the dying patients. Educational attainment (p = 0.050001), clinical experiences (p = 0.01499), age (p = 0.01061) and civil status (p = 0.001782) were factors affecting the knowledge and attitude of Sri Lankan nurses in delivering nursing care for the dying patients admitted to a government hospital.

Usage of UASB Reactor to Assess Feasibility of Treatment of Paper Mill Effluent A Arshad; N.H Hashim; N Ghazala
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 28 No. 2 (2011): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors R-I and R-II, each with an effective volume of 6.0 l were used to study the treatability of actual effluent obtained from paper mills at a mesophilic temperature and neutral pH. Methanol, as a source of an easily biodegradable substance along with activated carbon of effective size 1.5 mm–2.5 mm were added to the reactor R-I to a total depth of 12 cm to evaluate its efficiency. The pH of both the reactors were kept constant at neutral by adding an external buffer solution of 0.03 M NaHCO3 with the feed solution. It was observed that corresponding to an organic loading rate of 3.5 kg-COD/m3-day, the overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the reactors R-I and R-II were 88% and 64%, respectively. The absorbable organic halides removal efficiency was observed to be 72% and 47% for reactorR-I and R-II, respectively. During the study it was however observed that, the treatability efficiency of reactor R-I was comparatively better but the amount of its biogas production was slightly lower than that of R-II. The average biogas production in reactors R-I and R-II during the course of study was observed as 0.33 l/g-CODremoved and 0.42 l/g-CODremoved respectively, with a mean methane composition of 58%–61% in both the reactors. Kinetic coefficients of k, Ks, Y and kd were determined to be 0.7 g-TOC/g-VSS.d, 0.30 g-TOC/l, 0.26 g-VSS/g-TOC and 0.02 day–1 respectively, based on the results obtained from reactor R-I. The results of this study showed that the use of methanol andan activated carbon in a UASB reactor to anaerobically digest the paper mills effluent at a mesophilic temperature and a neutral pH reactor was quite a feasible and viable technique.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jute Mat Reinforced Epoxy Composites S.M Sadaf; M Siddik; Q Ahsan
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 28 No. 2 (2011): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Cellulose jute fibre offers a number of benefits as reinforcement for synthetic polymers since it has a high specific strength and stiffness, low hardness, relatively low density and biodegradability. To reduce moisture uptake and hence to improve the mechanical properties of the composites, bleached jute mats were incorporated as reinforcing elements in the epoxy matrix. Composites at varying volume fractions and different orientations of jute mat were fabricated by hot compression machine under specific pressures and temperatures. Tensile, flexure, impact and water absorption tests of composites were conducted. Jute mat oriented at (0 ± 45–90)° composites showed reduced strength compared to (0–90)° fibre mat composites. Impact strength and water uptake of high volume fraction jute mat reinforced composites was higher compared to that of lower volume fraction composites. Fracture surfaces of jute mat composites were analyzed under SEM. Fracture surface of (0–90)° jute mat oriented composites showed twisted fibres, while (0 ± 45–90)° jute mat oriented composites had fibre pull-out without any twisting. Overall, composites containing 52% jute mat at orientations of (0–90)° showed better properties compared to other fabricated composites.

Nutrient Composition of Artocarpus champeden and Its Hybrid (Nanchem) in Negara Brunei Darussalam L.B.L Lim; H.I Chieng; F.L Wimmer
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 28 No. 2 (2011): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The flesh and seeds of ripened and unripened Artocarpus champeden and its ripened hybrid (Nanchem) were analyzed for their moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate, energy and mineral content. Generally, unripened A. champeden which is always treated and cooked as a vegetable contains higher amounts of moisture, ash, crude fibre and crude protein for its flesh than ripened A. champeden and Nanchem. Ripened A. champeden and Nanchemhave higher total carbohydrates and energy content than the unripe fruit. Similarly, the unripened A. champeden seed has more nutritional components in terms of moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, total carbohydrate and energy compared to the ripened A. champeden and Nanchem seeds. Potassium and magnesium are the prevalent minerals in this fruit species. Nanchem has the characteristics of both jackfruit (A. heterophyllus) and A. champeden.

Assessment of the Treatment of Textile Mill Effluent Using UASB Reactor A Arshad; N.H Hashim; A.K Kashif; A Bashir
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 28 No. 2 (2011): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of the treatment of actual textile mill effluent using a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The main objective of this study was to generate design aids; in terms of organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) versus chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal in the textile effluent using a UASB reactor at neutral pH and constant mesophilic temperature. The COD, colour and total suspended solids concentration of the textile wastes used in the study were analyzed as 5440 mg/l, 3280 mg/l, 2320 units and 955 mg/l, respectively. The UASB reactor was started up by gradually increasing the OLR from 0.2 kg-COD/m3-day to 2.6 kg-COD/m3-day in order to prevent an organic shock to the reactor. Similarly, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly reduced from 58 h to 8 h to prevent the wash-out of sludge from the reactor. It was observed that more than 80% of COD and colour could be effectively removed at an OLR of 2.2 kg-m3/d and HRT of 20 h. At optimum operating conditions, the effluent volatile fatty acid concentration was observed to be 430 mg/l. The average biogas production observed during this study was 0.34 l/g-CODremoved and it was composed of 58% methane. During the course of maturity of granular sludge, its effective size and settling velocity were observed to increase exponentially as 0.261e0.051x and 1.91e0.017x respectively. The overall observed biomass yield (Yobs) for the experimental period was calculated as 0.049 g-VSS/g-CODrem. This study suggests that the use of a UASB reactor for textile mill effluent is a fairly feasible and viable option.

Field and Laboratory-based Approach for the Determination of Friction Angle of Geological Discontinuities of Malaysian Granites R. A Ghani; T. L Goh; A. M Hariri; Y. N Baizura
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development Vol. 28 No. 2 (2011): ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development (AJSTD)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The basic friction angle, ?b for artificially sawn discontinuity planes for fresh granite, as determined by tilt testing, has an average value of 30º. For the natural rough discontinuity surfaces, a wide range of values have been determined for the peak friction angle, ?peak ranging from 47º to a maximum value of 80º, depending on the joint roughness coefficient (JRC). The average values of the friction angles for the different degrees of roughness were as follows: JRC 2–4 = 58°; JRC 6–8 = 60°; JRC 8–10 = 47°; JRC 12–14 = 60°; JRC 14–16 = 71° ; JRC 18–20 = 80°.

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