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All Journal Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya International Review of Humanities Studies
Nugraha, Fajar Muhammad
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Arts Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Kasus Ujaran Kebencian dalam Berita Surat Kabar di Hindia Belanda Nugraha, Fajar Muhammad; de Archellie, Reynaldo; Clement, Cresentia Carra Nethania
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya Vol. 10, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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This article is a preliminary study that explores past events of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, specifically describing criminal cases of hate speech or haatzaai depicted in newspaper news between 1879 and 1942. The Dutch East Indies colonial government controlled freedom of thought, expression, and politics of the native population by using the legal instruments Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Nederlandsch Indie, especially articles 154, 155, 156, and 157. These four articles are known as haatzaai artikelen. This regulation was published and enforced in the Dutch East Indies in 1918. This article uses twenty-eight newspaper news articles published in ten cities on the islands of Java and Sumatra as the primary sources. This is research that uses historical methods by gathering primary and secondary sources in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), and the Constitutional Institution voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) (Jakarta). This article concludes that based on the news articles found, haatzaai artikelen, as a repressive legal product, is not only used by the colonial government to control people’s behavior but also used by fellow members of the community of East Indies to quarrel with each other in many cases of hatred, incitement, and defamation.
CODE MIXING AS A FORM OF INDONESIAN IDENTITY BASED ON THE MOTTO OF BHINNEKA TUNGGAL IKA Nugraha, Fajar Muhammad
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
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In 2018, the Language Comission of the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) of the Republic of Indonesia has made verification towards all the languages that exists in Indonesia. The verification conducted from 1991 to 2017 resulted in 652 languages to be found. That number still does not include the dialects and their sub-divisions of the 652 languages. Meanwhile, UNESCO recorded 143 languages based on their vitality status. Identity can be interpreted as similarity or unity with others in a certain area or other things (Rummens, 1993: 157-159). "The identity possessed by an individual can be in the form of personal identity and social identity" (Santoso, 2006: 44-45). Using statistical data on language issued by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics as a corpus and literature study by tracing the title of mainstream online media coverage related to the use of code mixing, identity theory, and the concept of intercultural communication, this paper discusses the relationship between the use of code mixing in the Indonesian people's everyday life with the nation‟s identity as a country that is bhineka (mentioned as its official national motto) or diversed. Instead of being not nationalist, the practice of code mixing by the Indonesian people is actually a manifestation of the identity of the Indonesian people as a diverse society. The code mix that occurs in the daily life of the community is proof that Indonesian people can understand each other and communicate well in a very complex diversity
RAYMOND WESTERLING’S REPRESENTATION OF DE TURK CHARACTER IN THE FILM “DE OOST” (2020) Balfas, Orchida; Nugraha, Fajar Muhammad
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 8, No. 2
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"De Oost" is a film directed by Jim Taihuttu, a Netherlandsman of Ambon descent, which tells the story of the Westerling Tragedy. Its launch sparked controversy from former Netherlands East Indies veterans to Raymond Westerling's daughter because it was considered to distort facts and not fit Westerling's description. This controversy raises the problem of how Jim Taihuttu represents Westerling through the character de Turk. This research is intended so that readers can assess Jim Taihuttu's depiction of Westerling through the character de Turk and determine the suitability of the film with reality. The research method used is qualitative using the note-taking technique, by applying identity theory by Erick Erikson (1968) to find out the director's background and representation theory by Stuart Hall (1995) to examine Westerling's representation in films. This research resulted in the answer that Jim Taihuttu was quite objective in depicting Westerling by representing nicknames, life, and cruelty, but also balanced by de Turk's friendly nature towards his soldiers. The representation of the character de Turk by Jim Taihuttu's "De Oost" indirectly illustrates how the new generation of Netherlands views Raymond Westerling in a more objective way.
Co-Authors Balfas, Orchida Clement, Cresentia Carra Nethania de Archellie, Reynaldo