Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi
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Chemical Components of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Stem Essential Oils and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities Using DPPH Method Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Hariyanti,; Nurkamalia,; Nurhidayah, Sahera
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. are two types of plants from Ocimum (Lamiaceae). One of their chemical compounds is essential oil. Essential oil might have an antioxidant activities. The part of the plants which are often wasted and never used are stem. This study aimed to analyze the chemical components of O. basilicum L. and O. tenuiflorum L. stem essential oils and evaluate their antioxidant activities. Essential oils were obtained by steam-water distillation. Analysis of chemical component of essential oil was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities were evaluated with DPPH method and then the IC50 value was determined as 50% inhibition concentration of free radical. The results showed that O. basilicum L. stem essential oil had 13 components with the major compounds were methyl eugenol (52.60%), caryophyllene (18.75%), and germacrene-D (9.19%). Whereas, O. tenuiflorum L. stem essential oil had 11 components with the major compounds were α-copaene (5.56%), caryophyllene (17.28%), germacrene-D (9.29%) and methyl eugenol (56.72%). IC50 value of O. basilicum L. stem essential oil was 17.50 µg/mL, whereas IC50 value of O. tenuiflorum L. stem essential oil was 14.17 µg/mL. It was concluded that both oils might be good natural antioxidant agents.
Aktivitas Afrodisiaka Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Rusdi, Numlil Khaira; Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Maifitrianti, Maifitrianti; Ulfah, Yuanita Sofiana; Annisa, Ayyoehan Tiara
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Decreased of libido is illustrated with disinterest in sexual activity caused by erectile dysfunction, impotence, and infertility. It can be treated by aphrodisiac agents. Katuk or Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr has long been used as a medicinal plant. The aim of this research was to evaluate which fraction of katuk leaf ethanol extract that had the aphrodisiac activity with parameters of climbing, introduction and the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat. Sprague-Dawley male rats as animals model divided into five groups: the normal control group, the positive control group (X-gra®), the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction groups in which each fraction group given a dose of 11.85 mg/kg body weight. The number of climbing and introductions were calculated on 0, 1st, 3th, and 5th day. The data were tested statistically with one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test. The weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat were observed on the 15th day. Previously, rats were anesthetized using ketamine and then performed surgery. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction (11.85 mg/kg body weight) increased libido with the average number of climbing was 16.5 times and the average number of introductions was 27.75 times. It was also able to increase the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat compare to positive control (X-gra® 51.37 mg/kg body weight). The compounds contained in n-hexane fraction are terpenoids and steroids.
The Effect of Pre-Extraction Preparation on Antioxidant Compounds of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Leaves Extracts Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Fatmawati, Sofia; Arifin, Zainal; Cahyaningrum, Niken; Arif Fauzan, Muhammad
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
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Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) is a green vegetable. It is rich in natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. The pre-extraction preparation can affect the results of extracting compounds from natural materials. This study aims to determine the effect of pre-extraction procedures, including sample form (fresh/dried), drying process (oven-drying/indirect sunlight-drying/air-drying), and particle size (ground/powdered) on total phenolic and flavonoid levels of ethanolic extracts of S. androgynus leaves and their antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. S. androgynus leaves were extracted using the cold maceration method. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined by the colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was measured based on the ability of the extracts to reduce DPPH free radicals. The results showed that the pre-extraction preparation influenced the antioxidant components obtained in S. androgynus leaves. According to sample form, fresh leaves contained a higher phenolics and flavonoids (33.66 mg GAE/g and 11.61 mg QE/g, respectively) than dried leaves. Whereas according to particle size, powdered dried leaves have higher phenolics and flavonoids content (45.12 mg GAE/g and 12.54 mg QE/g, respectively) than ground dried leaves. The leaves drying method that produced the highest phenolic content was oven-drying (47.08 mg GAE/g), while the one with the highest flavonoid content was air-drying (8.87 mg QE/g). All extracts had IC50 values against DPPH radicals around 85.71-93.91 ppm. Pre-extraction preparation in optimum condition makes the extraction process more efficient and effective in obtaining the target compounds with antioxidant activities.