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Garuda in Southeast Asia’s Contested Waters: Indonesia dan Dinamika Keamanan Maritim Asia Tenggara Indra Kusumawardhana; Frieska Haridha; Innesia Ma’sumah
Indonesian Perspective Vol 5, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2020), hlm. 1-117
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v5i1.30192

Indonesia’s strategic agenda to become the Global Maritime Fulcrum creates the discourse related to its existence in the context of maritime security in Southeast Asia. The emergence of Indonesia’s political realism to maintain the sovereignty of its waters has fueled various maritime insecurity problems that have occurred in Indonesian waters so far. Drawing from abovementioned context, this paper provides an analysis related to the various dynamics, challenges and issues of maritime security in Southeast Asia that surrounds Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum. Using traditional and non-traditional security study approaches in understanding maritime security, this paper examines various maritime insecurity issues faced by Indonesia, especially in the context of the Global Maritime Fulcrum agenda.

PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN DIPLOMASI BUDAYA TABOT BAGI PROVINSI BENGKULU Muhnizar Siagian; Indra Kusumawardhana
Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 2 No 2 (2019): Paradigma POLISTAAT: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Pasundan Bandung

Tanggal 1 hingga 10 Muharam, di Bengkulu diadakan Festival Tabot. Sejarah mencatat Tabot merupakan upacara dan ritual yang dibawa oleh pekerja dari India di jaman kolonialisme Inggris. Sejak tahun 1990 Tabot resmi menjadi festival tahunan Provinsi Bengkulu. Tradisi Tabot merupakan ekspresi religius dan kebudayaan Islam Syiah yang berangkat dari Tragedi Karbala yaitu dibunuhnya Imam Husein, cucu dari Nabi Muhammad. Bagi Provinsi Bengkulu, tradisi ini bisa menjadi potensi peluang bagi diplomasi kebudayaan. Kesamaan identitas dalam hal ekspresi religius dan kebudayaan untuk memperingati Tragedi Karbala bisa menjadi material yang potensial diolah bagi aktor yang menjalankan diplomasi kebudayaan untuk meningkatkan pariwisata di Bengkulu. Jurnal ini berupaya untuk meneliti mengenai peluang diplomasi budaya Tabot dengan diplomasi multi jalur antara kesatuan pemerintah Provinsi Bengkulu dan sektor warga negara dalam hal ini keluarga Tabot, pegiat seni dan kebudayaan Tabot yang ingin mendapat atensi dari penganut Islam Syiah di berbagai negara Namun tantangannya di dalam negeri, kelompok dengan pandangan agama Islam yang puritan dan fundamental semakin meningkatkan kampanye sentimen terhadap Islam Syiah dan melabeli festival Tabot sebagai praktek bid’ah dan syirik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan membangun kerangka konseptual diplomasi budaya dan multijalur diplomasi. Kata kunci: Tabot., Diplomasi Kebudayaan., Multijalur Diplomasi.

UNICEF and the WASH: Analisis Terhadap Peran UNICEF Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Ketersediaan Air Bersih di India Indra Kusumawardhana; Annisa Asti Nur Auliya
Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN) Vol 1 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Andalas Institute of International Studies

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a blueprint for sustainable global development for equitable growth and prosperity between countries. One indicator of equitable growth is the achievement of adequate access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene and stopping open defecation (BABS) activities. But the difficulty of access to clean water sources and good sanitation facilities is still an urgent problem in India. More than 50% of the water has been polluted and cannot be consumed. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 97 million Indians do not have access to clean water and proper sanitation. This is caused by various factors, among others, first the habits of the people (culture) who conduct BABS activities. Second, lack of education and human awareness of environmental cleanliness. And the third is the lack of public toilet facilities provided by the government. These problems have a major impact on the health of local communities such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Efforts by the Indian government to solve these problems have yet to produce a significant impact. So that the United Nations (UN) opened an open working group to formulate proposals related to global development planning on clean water and sanitation supported by UNICEF through the WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Program. The implementation of this program is aimed at overcoming the impact of problems that give special focus to children. This research will further examine the role of UNICEF in overcoming sanitation problems in India through the WASH Program. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods to explain systematically and factually. This study uses the theory of the Role of International Organizations. This theory is used to explain and emphasize UNICEF in carrying out its roles based on the values set by international organizations.

Mengapa Rezim Internasional Gagal? Analisis Legalisasi “Lima Poin Konsensus ASEAN” tentang Myanmar Pasca Kudeta Militer 2021 Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2022), hlm. 1-37
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i1.46733

Assessing the effectiveness of international regimes has become a central topic for scholars and policymakers. Realist argues that national interests determine whether or not states comply with international regimes. This article offers an alternative account by analyzing the anatomy of the agreement. Using the case study of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar, this article employs the concept of legalization derived from institutionalist theory which is used to assess the degree of institutionalization of the international agreements characterized by three dimensions; obligation, precision, and delegation. The central thesis of this article is that the “ASEAN FivePoint Consensus” on Myanmar is a sort of soft law due to its strong weakness in three dimensions. It implies that the agreement will not be properly implemented by ASEAN member countries, especially by Myanmar’s military junta. This article concludes that the effectiveness of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar depends not only on the states’ national interests but also on the degree of institutionalization of this agreement. The soft law character of this agreement is strongly influenced by the culture of ASEAN’s decision-making mechanism which puts a strong emphasis on the consensus in crafting non-obligatory agreements.

Is the ASEAN Economic Community Under Siege? The New Trajectory of the Asean Economic Community the two Mega-Regional Agreements; RCEP and TPP Indra Kusumawardhana; Jeremiah Daniel
Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities Vol 7, No 1 (2017): General Issue: Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities
Publisher : Deputy of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Indonesia Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was signed by the leading nations of Southeast Asia in Kuala Lumpur on 31, December 2015. This was a great achievement of regional integration, pointing members of the AEC towards a single market awakening. Despite this tremendous progress, the reality is that ASEAN members are now involved in two mega-regional agreements. One, which has the potential to protect ASEAN centrality, ASEAN+6 or the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP); and the other, the US-ledTrans-Pacific-Partnership Agreement. This participation by ASEAN members with various economic partners outside ASEAN may result in dependency to global capitalism networks.Departing from the above mentioned context, the core question then arises: Has the global economic structure provide an opportune precondition for the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)? To tackle this question, this essay will use Dependency Theory to analyze the global economicstructures which encase the AECs regional economic integration agenda and to reveal the ASEAN members dependence on global capitalism. This essay explores both the attempts of the ASEAN framework to create a comprehensive economic community; and the consequences of ASEAN integration with two mega-regional agreements in the region. It is argued that the dependency of ASEAN members on the structure of the global economy proves that it does not provide a proper pre-conditioning for the AEC to be implemented. Moreover, it will be hegemonic factors that challenge the existence of the AEC.

Mengapa Rezim Internasional Gagal? Analisis Legalisasi “Lima Poin Konsensus ASEAN” tentang Myanmar Pasca Kudeta Militer 2021 Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2022), hlm. 1-137
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Assessing the effectiveness of international regimes has become a central topic for scholars and policymakers. Realist argues that national interests determine whether or not states comply with international regimes. This article offers an alternative account by analyzing the anatomy of the agreement. Using the case study of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar, this article employs the concept of legalization derived from institutionalist theory which is used to assess the degree of institutionalization of the international agreements characterized by three dimensions; obligation, precision, and delegation. The central thesis of this article is that the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar is a sort of soft law due to its strong weakness in three dimensions. It implies that the agreement will not be properly implemented by ASEAN member countries, especially by Myanmar’s military junta. This article concludes that the effectiveness of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar depends not only on the states’ national interests but also on the degree of institutionalization of this agreement. The soft law character of this agreement is strongly influenced by the culture of ASEAN’s decision-making mechanism which puts a strong emphasis on the consensus in crafting non-obligatory agreements.

Garuda in Southeast Asia’s Contested Waters: Indonesia dan Dinamika Keamanan Maritim Asia Tenggara Indra Kusumawardhana; Frieska Haridha; Innesia Ma’sumah
Indonesian Perspective Vol 5, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2020), hlm. 1-117
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Indonesia’s strategic agenda to become the Global Maritime Fulcrum creates the discourse related to its existence in the context of maritime security in Southeast Asia. The emergence of Indonesia’s political realism to maintain the sovereignty of its waters has fueled various maritime insecurity problems that have occurred in Indonesian waters so far. Drawing from abovementioned context, this paper provides an analysis related to the various dynamics, challenges and issues of maritime security in Southeast Asia that surrounds Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum. Using traditional and non-traditional security study approaches in understanding maritime security, this paper examines various maritime insecurity issues faced by Indonesia, especially in the context of the Global Maritime Fulcrum agenda.

Music Matters: Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia terhadap Negara di Kawasan Pasifik Melalui ‘the Symphony of Friendship’ di Selandia Baru Sophia Bernadette; Rizka Septiana; Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2022): 134-255
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i2.50779

This study aims to determine Indonesia's strategy in implementing cultural diplomacy and soft power diplomacy through the cultural event ‘The Symphony of Friendship’ by the Indonesian Embassy in New Zealand. Using a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques through semi-structured in-depth interviews, which are then analyzed in depth supported by trust checking techniques through triangulation of data sources. The findings in this study are cultural diplomacy aimed at building Indonesia's image in the South Pacific region in dealing with separatist issues in Papua, which have been raised internationally by several countries, namely Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea. The TSF was conducted to build a perception of Indonesia in the Pacific community as a colonialist against Papua, presenting a positive perception so that Indonesia is not seen as carrying out repression in Papua through a cultural approach and embracing the community to work together and encourage togetherness through a musical approach.

Mengapa Rezim Internasional Gagal? Analisis Legalisasi “Lima Poin Konsensus ASEAN” tentang Myanmar Pasca Kudeta Militer 2021 Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2022), hlm. 1-137
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i1.48592

Assessing the effectiveness of international regimes has become a central topic for scholars and policymakers. Realist argues that national interests determine whether or not states comply with international regimes. This article offers an alternative account by analyzing the anatomy of the agreement. Using the case study of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar, this article employs the concept of legalization derived from institutionalist theory which is used to assess the degree of institutionalization of the international agreements characterized by three dimensions; obligation, precision, and delegation. The central thesis of this article is that the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar is a sort of soft law due to its strong weakness in three dimensions. It implies that the agreement will not be properly implemented by ASEAN member countries, especially by Myanmar’s military junta. This article concludes that the effectiveness of the “ASEAN Five-Point Consensus” on Myanmar depends not only on the states’ national interests but also on the degree of institutionalization of this agreement. The soft law character of this agreement is strongly influenced by the culture of ASEAN’s decision-making mechanism which puts a strong emphasis on the consensus in crafting non-obligatory agreements.

Music Matters: Diplomasi Budaya Indonesia terhadap Negara di Kawasan Pasifik Melalui ‘the Symphony of Friendship’ di Selandia Baru Sophia Bernadette; Rizka Septiana; Indra Kusumawardhana
Indonesian Perspective Vol 7, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2022): 134-255
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v7i2.50779

This study aims to determine Indonesia's strategy in implementing cultural diplomacy and soft power diplomacy through the cultural event ‘The Symphony of Friendship’ by the Indonesian Embassy in New Zealand. Using a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques through semi-structured in-depth interviews, which are then analyzed in depth supported by trust checking techniques through triangulation of data sources. The findings in this study are cultural diplomacy aimed at building Indonesia's image in the South Pacific region in dealing with separatist issues in Papua, which have been raised internationally by several countries, namely Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea. The TSF was conducted to build a perception of Indonesia in the Pacific community as a colonialist against Papua, presenting a positive perception so that Indonesia is not seen as carrying out repression in Papua through a cultural approach and embracing the community to work together and encourage togetherness through a musical approach.

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