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Comparative between Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Literature Review Rasyid, Fahmi; Mouza, Abdurrahman
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2020): AANHS Journal
Publisher : Talenta Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/aanhsj.v2i3.4779

Craniosynostosis (CS) refers to the premature fusion in the perinatal stage of one or multiple skull sutures, also denominated synostoses (sagittal, metopic, uni and bilateral coronal, and lamboidal), which are commonly accompanied by facial, trunk, and limb deformities. During normal human body and head development, cranial growth achieves approximately 80% of the adult size at birth and its definitive size between 2.5 and 3 years of age. In the fetal or newborn skull, the flat bones are separated by four fontanelles and six major cranial sutures that participate in this process. Hereby presented the literature review of syndromic and non-syndromic craniosynostosis.

Efficacy Comparison of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt and Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy as Treatment of Hydrocephalus in Children in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis Rasyid, Fahmi; Mouza, Abdurrahman
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): AANHS Journal
Publisher : Talenta Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/aanhsj.v1i1.5887

Introduction: In Indonesia, cases of hydrocephalus in children are found in 40% to 50% of medical visits or neurosurgical operations. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was one of choices for treat the patient but efficacy and effects still unknown. Purpose of this study is to broadly assess the outcome of treatments and review evidence that one treatment may have greater efficacy than another. Method: Researchers develop PICO questions. Demographic information, detailed methods, interventions, and results were extracted from the selected manuscripts. Of the 122 articles identified using optimized search parameters, 52 were withdrawn for full-text review. In total, 6 articles were accepted for inclusion in the evidentiary table and 8 were excluded for various reasons. Result: The tabulated evidence provides sufficient data to allow our evaluation of the CSF versus ETV shunt. Conclusion: CSF shunt and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are options in the management of hydrocephalus in children

Overview of Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumors from Breast Cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan in 2017-2021 Rasyid, Fahmi; Alloyna, Dhyka; Basri, Kamal
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2021): AANHS Journal
Publisher : Talenta Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/aanhsj.v3i3.7581

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer based on Globocan in 2018, reached 2,088,849 cases (11.6%), with a mortality rate of 626,679 cases (6.6%). Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of a metastatic brain tumor. Approximately 10%-16% of patients with breast cancer develop brain metastases during the course of their disease. Current case management guidelines for patients with metastatic brain tumors from breast cancer are radiotherapy to the entire brain, with or without surgical resection, or stereotactic radiosurgery. Hormone receptor ([HR]; estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR]) and HER2 expression serve as predictors of response to hormone-targeted therapy and HER2, respectively. Method: The study was a descriptive study with a retrospective cohort design in which the researchers identified 78 patients with breast cancer brain metastases (either for diagnostic purposes or for therapeutic purposes at RSUP HAM Medan between 2017 and 2021. Data were collected from SIRS RSUP HAM Medan. Data related to clinicopathology were collected from medical records, including demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, biomarker status, recurrence of metastatic brain tumors based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination, and data on therapeutic regimens in cases of brain metastases of breast cancer. ER and PR status were determined by immunohistochemical examination. the intensity of the HER2 3+ immunohistochemical staining was considered positive Result: The mean age at breast cancer diagnosis was 46 years (range: 24-73 years). Most patients had invasive ductal histology (n=73, 94%). In addition, 56% of patients had T3 (n=34) T4 disease in 56% of patients (n=44) and 68% of patients (n=53) had positive axillary lymph nodes. Among patients with known HR and HER2 status, a total of 56% of tumors were ER negative (ER-; n=44), 62% were PR negative (n=48), and 44% were HER2-positive (HER2+; n= 34). With regard to the four subtypes formed by the combined values of HR and HER2 status, 21% (n=16) of tumors were HR+HER2+, 27% (n=21) were HR+HER2-, 23% (n=18) were HR+/ HER2-, and 28% (n=23) were triple negative (TN). Discussion: In the current study, investigators found that apart from patient age and number of brain metastases, HER2 status was a strong predictor of survival outcome after brain metastases. Patients with HER2-positive characteristics had a longer life expectancy than patients with HER2-negative disease. Considering the intracranial antitumor effect of anti-HER2 therapy, it is important to establish HER2 status not only in primary tumors but also in brain metastases to aid in consideration of the choice of therapeutic modality Conclusion: This study showed that younger age, brain metastases from solitary breast cancer, and HER2 positive from breast tumors were independent predictors of better survival in patients with breast cancer brain metastases

Our Experience Of Pediatric Brain Tumour In Medan: Demographic Study In Adam Malik General Hospital 2019-2020 Mouza, Abdurrahman; Rasyid, Fahmi
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2021): AANHS Journal
Publisher : Talenta Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/aanhsj.v3i3.7606

Abstract Introduction: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors are the most prevalent and frequent neoplasm in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Brain and CNS tumors are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years old. Previous studies in several countries have reported the incidence rate of primary brain and CNS tumors in children and adolescent, ranged from 1.08 to 5.57 per 100,000 population. The incidence of brain tumor in pediatric patients has increased in the past decades, due to innovations in the imaging studies and the increase of benign form diagnoses. The highest occurrence of pediatric brain tumor is in the United States. Based on the study by Rictherova et al. in 2018, according to the age groups, the highest incidence is in adolescents aging 15-19 years with 6.38 per 100,000 children, followed by children aging under 1 year with 6.2 per 100,000 children. Method: A total of 58 patients were reported in this study. Data was collected from medical bank data of Neurosurgical Department of Faculty of Medicine of North Sumatera in Indonesia. The variables that we collected were as follows: gender, tumor diagnosis, Glasgow-Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and age group. We classified age group into <1 year, 2-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years old. The data was computed using the SPSS 25th edition. Result: Out of 58 diagnosis, boys were the predominance frequency with a total of 69% and girls were 31%. most patients had medulloblastoma (27.6%) followed by glioma (24.1%), craniopharyngioma (8.6%), and meningioma (8.6%). Other types of tumor, namely cerebral abscess, cerebromalacia, choroid plexus papilloma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, neurofibromatosis 1, soft tissue tumor, were accounted for 1.7%, respectively Discussion: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors are the most prevalent and frequent neoplasm in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Brain and CNS tumors are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years old. In our study, from a total of 58 patients, most of the patients (69%) were boys with a frequency of 40. Girls were only accounted for 18 (31%). A study by Stiller et al. in 2019 regarding incidence of childhood CNS tumors in Britain also reported similar result, with 2275 boys and 1891 girls out of 4166 tumor patients. The most common diagnosis was medulloblastoma (27.6%), in line with the study by Stiller et al. and Suresh et al. The most common age group with brain tumor was 10-14 years old (34.5%). Conclusion: Based on our study, from the total of 58 patients, most of the patients were boys (69%). The most common tumor diagnosis in our study was medulloblastoma (27.6%) followed by glioma (24.1%). The results in our study had been in line with other literatures. However, the age group distribution was not in line with other literatures as our study reported the age group of 10-14 years old having the highest percentage of brain tumors. Overall, this study had reported the demographic result of pediatric brain tumor in Adam Malik General Hospital from 2019-2020.

Cisternostomy In Lipomyelomeningocele Without Hydrocephalus: A Case Report Mouza, Abdurrahman; Farhan, Luthfy; Sembiring, Arya Sadewa; Rasyid, Fahmi
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2022): AANHS Journal
Publisher : Talenta Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/aanhsj.v4i3.10380

Introduction: Spinal dysraphisms can be classified as either open or closed dysraphisms. Closed spinal dysraphisms such as lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, and spina bifida occulta have no exposed neural tissue and are accompanied by cutaneous markers in 43%–95% of cases, and include lesions such as subcutaneous masses, capillary hemangioma, dimples, and hairy nevus. These cutaneous markers can be used to recognize cases in an asymptomatic neonate. LMMC can be associated with additional pathologies, including Chiari malformation type 1 (13%), spina bifida (14.4%), split cord malformations (3.1%), associated dermal sinuses (3.1%), dermoid or epidermoid cysts (3.1%), diastematomyelia (3.1%), terminal hydromyelia (3.1%), anal stenosis (1.0%), and Down syndrome (1.0%). Case Report: A year old girl, came to our department with chief complaint of lump on the back since the patient was born. No history of increased intracranial pressure was complained. On physical examination, there is no maceration on the lump, and there is no sign of ruptured lump on the back. Patient also has active motoric on all extremity. We diagnosed the patient with spina bifida. We did CT scan of the head to rule out hydrocephalus and MRI for the confirmation of spina bifida. Excision of cele was done. Postoperatively, there is an increased of csf leak of the patient from the excised cele and we decided to do cisternostomy. After cisternotomy, there is no increased of leakage and patient also have good motoric function. Patient was treated in our outpatient clinic and has good recovery after surgery. Discussion: Lipomyelomeningocele is a rare but complicated defect, lying in the spectrum of occult neural tube defects. It is actually a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous fibrofatty mass traverses the lumbodorsal fascia, causes a spinal laminar defect, displaces the dura, and infiltrates and tethers the spinal cord. Spinal lipomas and LMMCs are frequently associated with cutaneous and musculoskeletal abnormalities in addition to sensorimotor deficits and urological dysfunction. Cutaneous lesions include subcutaneous lipomas, capillary hemangiomas, complex dimples, and hypertrichosis, whereas complex malformations, such as dermal appendages, are rare. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in demonstrating the presence of a fatty mass and cord tethering. Surgical objectives in a lipomyelomeningocele repair include removal of the adipose mass, identification of the defect in the lumbosacral fascia for release of the tether, possible release of the filum terminale, preservation of neural elements, and prevention of retethering of the spinal cord. After operation for lipomyelomeningocele, the cord may not be completely untethered, or after a short period may retether Discussion: Cisternostomy may be done in cases of spina bifida without hydrocephalus in our experience

Batang Toru Rivers Water Quality Analysis of Batangtoru River in South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra Province Rasyid, Fahmi; Nasution, Zulkifli; Wahyungsih, Hesti
Journal of Environmental and Development Studies Vol. 5 No. 01 (2024): Journal of Environmental and Development Studies
Publisher : TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jeds.v5i01.11664

Water is a natural resource whose quality needs to be maintained. In order to protect against pollution or achieve good river water quality, it is necessary to make good water management efforts to maintain water functions in accordance with water quality standards. The purpose of this research is to analyze the water quality of the Batangtoru River and the factors that affect the water quality of the Batangtoru River. This research was conducted in the river located in South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, for two months in November and December 2020 with test parameters Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological parameters in the form of Biological Dissolved Oxygen (BOD), E.Colli, and chemical parameters in the form of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Nitrite (NO2-N), and Ammonia (NH3- N). The research results showed that the water quality of the Batangtoru river was: TSS 50 mg/L, BOD 3 mg/L, Cu 0.02 mg/L, Zn 0.05 mg/L, Cd 0.01 mg/L, NO2-N 0.06 mg/L, NH3-N and E. Colli 0 mg/L. These results based on PP 82 of 2001 show that the test parameter values have exceeded water quality standards. And it is included in class II, which means that the quality of the Batangtoru River is experiencing light pollution.

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