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NATURALISM IN EUGENE ONEILLS MOURING BECOMES ELECTRA ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 16, No 48 (2004): Magistra Edisi Maret
Publisher : MAGISTRA

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THE APPLICATION OF SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE : A STUDY ON LOE TOLSTOYS THE THREE HERMIT ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 16, No 51 (2004): Magistra Edisi Desember
Publisher : MAGISTRA

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What is sociology? Why do people ask a sociological question? According to Peter Berger and Brigitte Berger in their book entitled Sociology : A Biographical Approach (1981) such as question is raised because people are suddenly facing a threat which formerly was thought it was really a treat. When a group of people are in a critical situation, they’ll start thinking of a sociological question. Disintegration is one of the most critical question to raise when it happens, especially when it took place among Christian community in the middle age. But now, who cares? Sociology has also something to do with a long term change in a society, i.e. when the capitalist system was born, religious reformation by Luther, the growth of individualism; the birth of modern science; the development of the self confidence; the industrial revolution. “Sociology of literature” means to observe a literary work from the view point of sociology. The literary facts would be considered as mental evidence; at least the description is what the author thinks about the facts he has observed. This study portrays on aspect of sociology throught a literary work. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), the great Russian novelist wrote a short story entitled The Three Hermits. Generally known, Russian is a socialist country, with comunist parties; but as himself was a radical and pacifist Chistianty; this short story perfoms a different colour of a socialist community. Tolstoy put a spirit of Christianty along the story. From sociological point of view, literature is in some wyas a portrayal of society. It is because literature present thoughts and dreams of the characters, literature becomes an alternative of realy that we can see, hear, smell, touch and taste. Literature is a picture of what people think of the constitution, “sociology is an attempt to make sense of ways in which we live our lives”. This suggests that “ sociology has it self represented a critical discipline” (Burns and burns, 1973 : 9).
PENERJEMAHAN BEBAS BUKU HOW TO SAVE YOUR TROUBLED MARRIAGE DARI BAHASA INGGRIS KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 16, No 49 (2004): Magistra Edisi Juni
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ERNEST HEMINGWAY’S A CLEAN, WELL-LIGHTED PLACE : AN ANALYSIS ON ITS STRUCTURE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE READER ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 28, No 96 (2016): Magistra Juni
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This writing aims at finding the mental evidences from a short story written by ErnestHemingway entitled A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. The writer of this paper wants to show readers thatreading a literary work means a communication process between the text and its readers. Reading is anactivity that is guided by the text, this must be processed by the reader, who is then, in turn, affected by whathe has processed.The interpretation as the result of one reading-act; arises from the structure of interpersonal experience.Theoretically speaking, literary works are believed as a portrait of human’s experience. So, in the discussion,the writer of this article will guide readers how the short story communicates the values as our mirror to viewourselves and conclude the universality of the text.A successful relationship between the text and the reader can only come about through changes in thereader’s projections. Thus the text provokes continually changing views in the reader. The imbalance betwentext and reader, however, is undefined, and it is this very indeterminacy that increases the variety of communicationpossible. If this possibility is fulfilled, and if the communication betwen text and reader is to be successful,clearly, the reader’s activity must be controlled in some way by the text.The conclusion of this writing will sum up the previous analysis of the short story; and yet showreaders that the asymmetry between text and reader stimulates a constitutive activity on the part of the reader.This is given a specific structure by the blanks and the negations arising out of the text, and the structurecontrols the process of interaction.Key-words : literary text, comunication process
SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS IN POETRY : A STUDY ON WILLIAM STANLEY’S THE UNWRITTEN, PABLO NERUDA’S UNTITLED, AND ANA MARIA IZA’S FORMULA ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 28, No 95 (2016): Magistra Maret
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This paper aims at finding out whether literary interpretation produces an effect of pragmaticsand semantics as a result of processes of a reading-act. As an effort to get the answer, the writer of this writinganalyzes three poems. The first is The Unwritten by William Stanley (1927-...), the second is Untitled by PabloNeruda (1904-1973), and Formula by Ana Maria Iza. The technique used would be a careful study on each ofinterpretation through the three poems . The discussion will view the possibilities of pragmatics and semanticssense in those three poems.The core idea of this article came from Wolfgang Iser who wrote The Act of Reading (1987). Hebelieved that a literary text can only produce a response when it is read. It is virtually impossible to describe thisresponse without also analyzing the reading process (1987:ix). Referring to that quotation, this paper will presentdetailed proces of reading the above three poems and the process of interpretation thus encoding the pragmaticsand semantics point of view.Key-words : reading-act, poetry, pragmatics, semantics
THE REALITY VERSUS FICTION ., Kustinah
MAGISTRA Vol 28, No 97 (2016): Magistra September
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Fiction is a means of telling us something about reality (Iser,1987:53). This paper aims atpresenting a proof of that statement by analyzing a short story written by Melvin Dixon (1950-1992) entitledJesse. Iser said that every textual mode involves certain heuristic decisions; the model cannot be equated withthe literary itsef, but simply opens up a means of access to it. So, in the discussion, the writer of this paper willopen up a detailed interpretation through the text to give access for readers to find various point of view in aneffort to understand the story.Melvin Dixon is well known as an Afro-American writer who spoke and wrote about his homosexualityvery openly; for which he was both criticized and celebrated. The analysis of the short story will be a mentalevidence to convince readers the reality in fiction : through a short story, we see realities of life . Theoreticallyspeaking, the finding of this paper gives the application of trend in literary study : the term of past-present-future. We are learning a past writing, analyzes it at the present time, finding the values to understand the similartheme of Jesse in our real life and put those values for the enlightenment of our future. Literary works arealways written with a moral teaching inside.Key-words : The reality, fiction, speech-act theor
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