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SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE IN INDONESIA Andi Alfian
International Conference on Social and Islamic Studies Proceedings of the International Conference on Social and Islamic Studies (SIS) 2021
Publisher : International Conference on Social and Islamic Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Religious discourse is one of the instruments that are often used by the dominant class (the majority, who are in power) to carry out a symbolic violence mechanism against the dominated class (the minority, who are ruled). For example, through religious discourses that seem plural and open, the power and domination of the dominant class are continuously perpetuated. This study aims to analyze the symbolic violence that occurs in religious discourse in Indonesia, especially in the study of religion, by reviewing the discourse of “agama vs. kepercayaan” and “moderasi beragama”. The symbolic violence referred to here is, according to Pierre Bourdie’s theory, violence that does not appear as violence and is latent. Victims of this type of violence do not feel that they are victims of violence as if what happened was natural and it should have been. This study also argues that symbolic violence in religious discourse in Indonesia is widely produced in educational institutions, especially through the hands of academics, because through educational institutions, discourses of “agama vs. kepercayaan” and “moderasi beragama” are formulated and then implemented in government policies, as if the discourse has accommodated all religions and beliefs, but only perpetuates the way of thinking and tastes of the dominant class. In short, this study argues that religious discourses such as “agama vs. kepercayaan”and “moderasi beragama” are produced by the dominant class through educational institutions and so on and produce symbolic violence.

Evaluating World Religion Paradigm through the Idea of Ultimate Reality Andi Alfian
Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 6, No 1 (2022): January - June 2022
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/it.v6i1.5537

This study aims to evaluate whether the idea of ultimate reality in world religions contributes to the characteristics of the world religion paradigm, which is hierarchical cosmology or “subject-object cosmology.” Several research on this topic claims that one of the characteristics of the world religion paradigm is its hierarchical perspective. Discussing this issue is important to distinguish the world religions as the paradigm and the world religions as the most widely embraced religion. This study argues that the hierarchical perspective of the world religion paradigm can be rooted in the idea of ultimate reality, that there is a supreme, foremost, and most principal reality in the continuity of this universe, namely the supernatural or God. The hierarchical cosmology consists of three main domains: supernatural/God, culture/human, and nature. This study uses a literature study methodology, relying on books, journals, and texts related to research questions. This study finds that the world religion paradigm or hierarchical cosmology or “subject-object cosmology” is prominent, especially in Abrahamic religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, even though the concept of ultimate reality in these three religions is different. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah gagasan tentang realitas tertinggi dalam agama-agama dunia turut berkontribusi membentuk karakteristik paradigma agama dunia, yaitu kosmologi hierarkis atau “kosmologi subjek-objek”. Beberapa penelitian tentang topik ini mengklaim bahwa salah satu karakteristik paradigma agama dunia adalah perspektifnya yang hierarkis. Membahas masalah ini penting untuk membedakan agama-agama dunia sebagai paradigma dan agama-agama dunia sebagai agama yang paling banyak dianut. Kajian ini berpendapat bahwa perspektif hierarkis paradigma agama dunia dapat berakar pada gagasan tentang realitas tertinggi, bahwa ada realitas tertinggi, utama, dan paling utama dalam kelangsungan alam semesta ini, yaitu supernatural atau Tuhan. Kosmologi hierarkis terdiri dari tiga domain utama: supernatural/Tuhan, budaya/manusia, dan alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi studi kepustakaan, dengan mengandalkan buku, jurnal, dan teks-teks yang berkaitan dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa paradigma agama dunia atau kosmologi hierarkis atau “kosmologi subjek-objek” menonjol, terutama dalam agama-agama Abrahamik seperti Islam, Kristen, dan Yudaisme, meskipun konsep realitas tertinggi dalam ketiga agama tersebut berbeda.

Exploring Fasting In Christianity And Islam Andi Alfian
Jurnal Studi Agama Vol 6 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Studi Agama
Publisher : Program Studi Studi Agama Agama Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/jsa.v6i1.12958

Fasting is one of the religious practices or rituals or worship that can be found in almost every religious tradition, including the Christian and Islamic religious traditions. Several scholars of religious studies, through various research, claim that fasting has been practiced thousands of years ago by various religious adherents in the world and persists to this day. This study attempts to describe the teachings and practices of fasting in Christianity and Islam and then provides an analysis of the similarities and differences in the implementation of these teachings in the context of Indonesia. This study is library research in the sense that this study will rely on books and scientific journals related to this topic as primary data sources. This study found that the practice of fasting in Christianity and Islam each has its meaning and has its uniqueness, and characteristics. For example, they have their meaning about the purpose of fasting, the arguments they use for fasting, the types of fasting, and the procedures for fasting. This study argues that religious teachings, both Christianity and Islam, are dynamic, multi-interpretative, and contextual by exploring these issues.

Evaluating World Religion Paradigm through the Idea of Ultimate Reality Andi Alfian
Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 6, No 1 (2022): January - June 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

This study aims to evaluate whether the idea of ultimate reality in world religions contributes to the characteristics of the world religion paradigm, which is hierarchical cosmology or “subject-object cosmology.” Several research on this topic claims that one of the characteristics of the world religion paradigm is its hierarchical perspective. Discussing this issue is important to distinguish the world religions as the paradigm and the world religions as the most widely embraced religion. This study argues that the hierarchical perspective of the world religion paradigm can be rooted in the idea of ultimate reality, that there is a supreme, foremost, and most principal reality in the continuity of this universe, namely the supernatural or God. The hierarchical cosmology consists of three main domains: supernatural/God, culture/human, and nature. This study uses a literature study methodology, relying on books, journals, and texts related to research questions. This study finds that the world religion paradigm or hierarchical cosmology or “subject-object cosmology” is prominent, especially in Abrahamic religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, even though the concept of ultimate reality in these three religions is different. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah gagasan tentang realitas tertinggi dalam agama-agama dunia turut berkontribusi membentuk karakteristik paradigma agama dunia, yaitu kosmologi hierarkis atau “kosmologi subjek-objek”. Beberapa penelitian tentang topik ini mengklaim bahwa salah satu karakteristik paradigma agama dunia adalah perspektifnya yang hierarkis. Membahas masalah ini penting untuk membedakan agama-agama dunia sebagai paradigma dan agama-agama dunia sebagai agama yang paling banyak dianut. Kajian ini berpendapat bahwa perspektif hierarkis paradigma agama dunia dapat berakar pada gagasan tentang realitas tertinggi, bahwa ada realitas tertinggi, utama, dan paling utama dalam kelangsungan alam semesta ini, yaitu supernatural atau Tuhan. Kosmologi hierarkis terdiri dari tiga domain utama: supernatural/Tuhan, budaya/manusia, dan alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi studi kepustakaan, dengan mengandalkan buku, jurnal, dan teks-teks yang berkaitan dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa paradigma agama dunia atau kosmologi hierarkis atau “kosmologi subjek-objek” menonjol, terutama dalam agama-agama Abrahamik seperti Islam, Kristen, dan Yudaisme, meskipun konsep realitas tertinggi dalam ketiga agama tersebut berbeda.

Rediscovering ‘Sacred Place’ through the Indigenous Religion Paradigm: A Case Study of Bugis-Makassar Indigenous People Andi Alfian
Al-Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Vol 17, No. 2, November 2022
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31332/ai.v0i0.4187

The Bugis-Makassar indigenous people who live around Mount Bawakaraeng perform a ritual pilgrimage (hajj) to the top of Mount Bawakaraeng (as a sacred space). This ritual is often considered heretical and deviant. These negative assumptions are the result of the monopoly definition of “sacred place” by the world religion paradigm which is only limited to the doctrine of the holy book and is hierarchical-exclusive. Meanwhile, in the indigenous religion paradigm, “sacred place” is closely related tothe surrounding environment (nature) which also gives life to indigenous peoples. The Bugis-Makassar indigenous people who live around Mount Bawakaraeng construct the sacredness of the mountain, not only as a place for religious rituals but also as a guarantor of their life. There were lacking previous researches discussing “sacred place” through the indigenous religion paradigm approach. This research contributes to that lack. This study examines how the indigenous religion paradigm interprets “sacred place”. The research method used in this research is qualitative. This study argues that there is no better way to understand why indigenous people perform rituals on Mount Bawakaraeng than using the indigenous religion paradigm. This study also shows that the “sacred place” associated with Mount Bawakaraeng is a way for the indigenous people who live around the mountain to preserve the nature around them which has enabled them to live and make a living such as accessing water, gathering medicines from nature, and so on. Eventually, with research that provides a better explanation of what a “sacred place” is in the indigenous religion paradigm, negative assumptions about indigenous people who regard a mountain as sacredplace can be better understood.

Buddhism and Confucianism on Homosexuality: The Acceptance and Rejection Based on The Arguments of Religious Texts Andi Alfian
Al-Adyan: Journal of Religious Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15548/al-adyan.v3i2.4574

Recently, the discourse on homosexuality has heated up again in Indonesia. Various responses appear to this phenomenon, some strongly reject it, and some tolerate it. Most of the rejection came from religious circles that used religious arguments. This study explores the core teachings of Buddhism and Confucianism, especially about homosexuality, and compares the two. This study argues that the attitude of Buddhism and Confucianism towards homosexuality is highly dependent on the cultural context in which these religions exist and are practiced. In other words, certain Buddhist/Confucian societies are sometimes more tolerant of homosexual practices than other Buddhist/Confucian societies. That is, the core teachings of religions cannot be merely a measure; culture participates in shaping religious responses to homosexuals. However, it also does not mean that these two religions do not have a unique view on homosexuality. Using the literature study method, this study will focus on exploring the attitudes of these two religions, Buddhism and Confucianism, towards the practice of homosexuality, especially to queering the core teachings of both. The results of this study indicate that in both Buddhism and Confucianism, acceptance and rejection of homosexual practices exist, and almost all use their respective core teachings as arguments. In short, this study contributes to providing an overview of how homosexuality is accepted and rejected in Buddhism and Confucianism. Belakangan ini, diskursus tentang homoseksualitas kembali memanas di Indonesia. Berbagai macam respon yang muncul terhadap fenomena ini, ada kalangan yang menolak dengan keras dan ada pula kalangan yang menoleransi. Sebagian besar penolakan muncul dari kalangan agamawan yang menggunakan dalil agama. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengekplorasi ajaran inti Buddhism dan Confucianism, terutama tentang homosexuality dan berusaha membandingkan keduanya. Studi ini berargumentasi bahwa sikap Buddhism and Confucianism terhadap homoseksualitas sangat bergantung pada konteks budaya di mana agama-agama tersebut berada dan dipraktikkan. Dengan kata lain, kadang-kadang ada masyarakat Buddhist/Confusian tertentu lebih toleran terhadap praktik homosexual daripada masyarakat Buddhist/Confusian yang lain. Artinya, ajaran inti agama-agama tidak bisa semata-mata menjadi ukuran, budaya turut serta membentuk respon agama terhadap homosexual. Meski demikian, hal itu juga tidak berarti bahwa kedua agama ini tidak punya pandangan khusus terhadap homosexuality. Dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur, studi ini akan fokus menelusuri sikap kedua agama ini, Buddhism and Confucianism, terhadap praktik homoseksualitas terutama dengan tujuan untuk queering ajaran-ajaran inti keduanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik di Buddhism dan Confucianism, penerimaan dan penolakan terhadap praktik homosexual ada dan nyaris semuanya menggunakan ajaran-ajaran inti sebagai dalil. Singkatnya, kajian ini berkontribusi memberikan gambaran bagaimana penerimaan dan penolakan terhadap homoseksulitas dalam Buddhism and confucianism.

Fish in Faith: Exploring Symbol as Survival Strategies in Christianity Bibi Suprianto; Andi Alfian; David Kristanto
Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya Vol 6, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/rjsalb.v6i3.15610

This study explores the history of one of the important symbols in the Christian tradition, namely the history of the fish symbol. This study argues that the fish symbol is one of the survival strategies for Christians to survive and contest with other groups in the socio-religious context at that time. Thus, this study formulates research questions such as how is the history of fish in the Christian tradition? How does the fish symbol become a medium of survival and resistance? Does the fish symbol have any relevance in the history of Christianity in Indonesia? This research uses literature study, which means relying on written literature discussing fish symbolism in Christianity's history. The results of this study indicate that the symbolization of fish in Christian history can not only be seen from the theological aspect but also from the socio-historical aspect as a survival strategy. Furthermore, the research material is structured with the following framework: the first part discusses the history and meaning of the fish symbol as a savior and unifier in ancient Christianity; the second part discusses the symbolic significance of fish as the spread of Christianity in Indonesia; the third part, symbolism as a strategy to survive both in the form of acculturation and religious-cultural identification in the context of religion and culture. In short, the symbolism of fish in the Christian tradition is very complex, containing theological content and historical-social-cultural. By understanding how symbolization works in religious traditions, we, therefore, can understand how religion in all its aspects developed from the past to the present, and also to the future.

Elaborating Conflict in Maluku Based on Dialogical Liberative Perspective Iqtamar Muhammad; Andi Alfian
Panangkaran: Jurnal Penelitian Agama dan Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : LP2M UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/panangkaran.v6i2.2903

The conflict in Maluku is one of the largest religious conflicts that has ever occurred in Indonesia. This study aims to elaborate the relationship between conflict in Maluku and interreligious and cultural dialogue based on a dialogical-liberative perspective. By using the library research method, relying on books and journals related to research questions, this study attempts to discuss forms of interreligious dialogue and pre- and post-conflict culture in Maluku with a liberative dialogue approach. This study argues that liberative dialogue is a relevant approach for inter-religious dialogue in Maluku. The results of this study indicate that liberative dialogue can be an alternative for elaborating the conflict in Maluku. [Konflik di Maluku adalah salah satu konflik agama terbesar yang pernah terjadi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi relasi antara konflik di Maluku dengan dialog antaragama dan budaya berdasar pada perspektif dialogis-liberatif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan library reseach, dengan mengandalkan buku-buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian, penelitian ini berusaha mendiskusikan bentuk-bentuk dialog antarumat beragama dan budaya pra dan pasca konflik di Maluku dengan pendekatan dialog liberatif. Penelitian ini berargumentasi bahwa dialog liberatif adalah pendekatan yang relevan bagi dialog antar agama di Maluku. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dialog liberatif bisa menjadi alternatif untuk mengelaborasi konflik di Maluku.]

Countering Social Stigma as the Basis of Interfaith Movement: A Case Study of Cadar Garis Lucu Andi Alfian; Wahyuddin Halim
Jurnal Dialog Vol 45 No 2 (2022): Dialog
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementerian Agama RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47655/dialog.v45i2.655

One of the weaknesses of interfaith dialogue in Indonesia is the lack of participation and space for women’s voices. Almost all spaces for interfaith dialogue are dominated by men, even though women have an important role in interfaith dialogue. Therefore, we should involve more women than men, not only because women are the most affected when religious conflicts occur but previous studies have also shown that women are most effective in peacebuilding negotiation based on non-violent strategies. This study investigates an interfaith movement, Cadar Garis Lucu, which veiled/niqab women initiated to counter the stigma that veiled/niqab women are radical-extremist and anti-other religions. Besides being active in promoting peace and interfaith dialogue, Cadar Garis Lucu also promotes the discourse of gender equality. By employing qualitative research and in-depth interview method as the primary data collection technique, this study found that Cadar Garis Lucu is an interfaith movement that aims to counter society’s negative stigma towards women – both veiled/niqab women and women in general – and seeks to bring women to participate in interfaith dialogue. Furthermore, this study argues that there is no better way to peacebuilding than to give space for women in interfaith dialogue.

Comparing the Teachings of Fasting in Christianity and Islam: A Reflective Comparison Andi Alfian
Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama Vol 5 No 2 (2022): Satya Widya : Jurnal Studi Agama
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33363/swjsa.v5i2.835

Fasting is one of the religious practices or rituals/worship found in almost every religious tradition, including the Christian and Islamic religious traditions. Several scholars of religious studies, through various research, claim that fasting was practiced thousands of years ago by various religious adherents in the world and persists to this day. This study attempts to describe the teachings and practices of fasting in Christianity and Islam and then provides an analysis of the similarities and differences in implementing these teachings in the context of Indonesia. This study is library research in the sense that this study will rely on books and scientific journals related to this topic as primary data sources. This study found that the practice of fasting in Christianity and Islam each has its meaning, uniqueness, and characteristics. For example, they have their meaning about the purpose of fasting, the arguments they use for fasting, the types of fasting, and the procedures. Furthermore, this study argues that religious teachings, both Christianity and Islam, are dynamic, multi-interpretative, and contextual.

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