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Organic Zinc as Feed Additive for Ruminants ., Suprijati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Zinc is an essential micro mineral required by ruminants and is a component of over 300 enzymes which play important role in the metabolisms of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Recently, the chemical and biotechnology processes have been developed for synthesizing organic Zn. Organic Zn is the product of a chelating process of dissolved Zn anorganic salts with amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. The utilization of organic Zn as feed additive in ruminants diets tends to increase, due to the absorptionÂ of Zn Â in Â theÂ organicÂ form is Â more Â effectiveÂ than Â theÂ inorganicÂ form. Â This Â paper Â reviewes Â theÂ research Â from comparative studies of inorganic and organic Zn on the growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. The studies found that the supplementation of organic Zn improved nutrient digestibility, growth, feed efficiency, milk production, Zn retention and absorption, production and reproductive performances of ruminants. However, a little variation response was found due to different degrees of chelating on Zn incorporation of amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. Â Key words: Organic Zn, characteristic, supplementation, performance, ruminants

Utilization of Milk Replacer for Lambs and Kids at Preweaning Period ., Suprijati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Milk replacer is a mixture of various feed ingredients and feed additives. This paper reviews the formulation of milk replacer, its chemical composition and nutrient requirement, methods of giving milk replacer and effect of milk replacer on the preweaning growth of small ruminant. In the formulation, the available local feed ingredients should be used with consideration of its nutrient composition. Milk replacers could be formulated from skim milk 50-64%, vegetable oil 16-17% or animal fat 20-28%, soy protein 50-57%, whey 35%, cereal or its byproduct 10% and 1-2% vitamin and mineral mix. The recommendation of protein and fat contents were 18-22% and 10-20% for kids, 20-24% and 20-30% for lambs, respectively. Raising the lambs and kids includes feeding colostrum at birth until 3-4 days of life, followed by feeding milk replacer until weaning. At three weeks of life, kids were introduced solid feed, as concentrates or forages. Early weaning could be carried out when the kids reached 9-10 kg of live weight and consumed 120 g/d of solid feed or at the age of 6-8 weeks. Milk replacer formulated according to the recommendation of nutrient requirement gave good performance. Key words: Nutrient composition, performance, milk replacer, feeding method, lamb, kid

Utilization of Milk Replacer for Lambs and Kids at Preweaning Period Suprijati .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014): SEPTEMBER 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Milk replacer is a mixture of various feed ingredients and feed additives. This paper reviews the formulation of milk replacer, its chemical composition and nutrient requirement, methods of giving milk replacer and effect of milk replacer on the preweaning growth of small ruminant. In the formulation, the available local feed ingredients should be used with consideration of its nutrient composition. Milk replacers could be formulated from skim milk 50-64%, vegetable oil 16-17% or animal fat 20-28%, soy protein 50-57%, whey 35%, cereal or its byproduct 10% and 1-2% vitamin and mineral mix. The recommendation of protein and fat contents were 18-22% and 10-20% for kids, 20-24% and 20-30% for lambs, respectively. Raising the lambs and kids includes feeding colostrum at birth until 3-4 days of life, followed by feeding milk replacer until weaning. At three weeks of life, kids were introduced solid feed, as concentrates or forages. Early weaning could be carried out when the kids reached 9-10 kg of live weight and consumed 120 g/d of solid feed or at the age of 6-8 weeks. Milk replacer formulated according to the recommendation of nutrient requirement gave good performance. Key words: Nutrient composition, performance, milk replacer, feeding method, lamb, kid

Organic Zinc as Feed Additive for Ruminants Suprijati .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013): SEPTEMBER 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Zinc is an essential micro mineral required by ruminants and is a component of over 300 enzymes which play important role in the metabolisms of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Recently, the chemical and biotechnology processes have been developed for synthesizing organic Zn. Organic Zn is the product of a chelating process of dissolved Zn anorganic salts with amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. The utilization of organic Zn as feed additive in ruminants diets tends to increase, due to the absorption of Zn in the organic form is more effective than the inorganic form. This paper reviewes the research from comparative studies of inorganic and organic Zn on the growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. The studies found that the supplementation of organic Zn improved nutrient digestibility, growth, feed efficiency, milk production, Zn retention and absorption, production and reproductive performances of ruminants. However, a little variation response was found due to different degrees of chelating on Zn incorporation of amino acids or hydrolyzed protein. Key words: Organic Zn, characteristic, supplementation, performance, ruminants

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