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Global prevalence of persistent neuromuscular symptoms and the possible pathomechanisms in COVID-19 recovered individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis Fajar, Jhonny K.; Ilmawan, Muhammad; Mamada, Sukamto; Mutiawati, Endang; Husnah, Milda; Yusuf, Hanifah; Nainu, Firzan; Sirinam, Salin; Keam, Synat; Ophinni, Youdiil; Rosiello, Francesco; Fahriani, Marhami; Rosa, Sandro GV.
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v1i3.48

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of prolonged neuromuscular symptoms, including fatigue, anosmia, headache, myalgia, and joint pain in COVID-19 survivors hospitalized with mild, moderate, or severe infections worldwide. The search was conducted up to January 30th, 2021 using three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify potentially eligible studies. Data on study characteristics, follow-up characteristics, and severity of COVID-19 during hospitalization were collected in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of relevant articles. The estimated prevalence of specific prolonged neuromuscular symptoms and the association between COVID-19 severity and occurrence of prolonged neuromuscular symptoms was analyzed wherever appropriate. Database search yielded 4,050 articles and 22 articles were included for meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of prolonged fatigue was recorded in 21.2% (95%CI: 11.9%–34.8%) of 3,730 COVID-19 survivors. Persistent anosmia was recorded in 239 of 2,600 COVID-19 survivors (9.7%, 95%CI: 6.1%–15.2%). In 84 out of 2,412 COVID-19 survivors (8.9%, 95%CI: 3.2%–22.6%), prolonged headache was observed. A total of 53 out of 1,125 COVID-19 patients (5.6%, 95%CI: 2.1%–14.2%) complained of persistent myalgia even after being discharged from the hospital. The prevalence of prolonged joint pain was in 15.4% (95%CI: 8.2%–27.2%) of subjects. Due to data scarcity on COVID-19 severity and prolonged neuromuscular symptoms, association analysis could not be conducted. Widespread concern regarding long-term impacts of COVID-19 was raised after several studies reported prolonged symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. Numerous theories have been proposed to address this concern; however, as the research on this pandemic is still ongoing, no explanation is definitive yet. Therefore, follow-up studies in COVID-19 survivors after recovery from COVID-19 are warranted to determine the pathogenesis of prolonged symptoms. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021242332.
Willingness-to-pay for COVID-19 vaccine in ten low-middle-income countries in Asia, Africa and South America: A cross-sectional study Sallam, Malik; Anwar, Samsul; Yufika, Amanda; Fahriani, Marhami; Husnah, Milda; Kusuma, Hendrix I.; Raad, Rawan; Khiri, Namareg ME.; Abdalla, Rashed YA.; Adam, Rashed Y.; Ismaeil, Mohajer IH.; Ismail, Asma Y.; Kacem, Wajdi; Teyeb, Zeineb; Aloui , Khaoula; Hafsi , Montacer; Dahman, Nesrine Ben Hadj; Ferjani, Manel; Deeb, Dalia; Emad , Dina; Sami, Farah S.; Abbas, Kirellos Said; Monib, Fatma A.; R , Subramaniam; Panchawagh, Suhrud; Sharun, Khan; Anandu, Sunil; Gachabayov, Mahir; Haque , Md A.; Emran, Talha B.; Wendt, Guilherme W.; Ferreto, Lirane ED.; Castillo-Briones, María F.; Inostroza-Morales, Rocío B.; Lazcano-Díaz, Sebastián A.; Ordóñez-Aburto, José T.; Troncoso-Rojas, Jorge E.; Balogun, Emmanuel O.; Yomi, Akele R.; Durosinmi, Abiodun; Adejumo, Esther N.; Ezigbo, Eyiuche D.; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Babadi, Elham; Kakemam, Edris; Ullah, Irfan; Malik, Najma I.; Dababseh, Deema; Rosiello, Francesco; Enitan , Seyi S.
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i1.74

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy is considered as one of the greatest challenges to control the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A related challenge is the unwillingness of the general public to pay for vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine willingness-to-pay (WTP) for COVID-19 vaccine among individuals from ten low-middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa, and South America. Data were collected using an online questionnaire distributed during February - May 2021 in ten LMICs (Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, India, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, and Tunisia). The major response variable of in this study was WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine. The assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was based on items adopted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) vaccine hesitancy scale constructs. In this study, 1337 respondents included in the final analysis where the highest number of respondents was from India, while the lowest number was from Egypt. A total of 88.9% (1188/1337) respondents were willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccination, and 11.1% (149/1337) were not. The average WTP for COVID-19 vaccination was 87.9 US dollars ($), (range: $5-$200). The multivariate model analysis showed that the country, monthly household income, having a history of respiratory disease, the agreement that routine vaccines recommended by health workers are beneficial and having received the flu vaccination within the previous 12 months were strongly associated with the WTP. Based on the country of origin, the highest mean WTP for COVID-19 vaccine was reported in Chile, while the lowest mean WTP for the vaccine was seen among the respondents from Sudan. The availability of free COVID-19 vaccination services appears as a top priority in the LMICs for successful control of the ongoing pandemic. This is particularly important for individuals of a lower socio-economic status. The effects of complacency regarding COVID-19 extends beyond vaccine hesitancy to involve less willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine and a lower value of WTP for the vaccine.