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PREDIKSI KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI URANIUM PADA AIR DAN BERBAGAI SEDIMEN Jasmi Budi Utami; Gede Sutresna Wijaya; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Bardi Murachman
Jurnal Forum Nuklir JFN Vol 9 No 1 Mei 2015
Publisher : BATAN

PREDIKSI KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI URANIUM PADA AIR DAN BERBAGAI SEDIMEN. Kegiatan penelitian, pengembangan, penambangan, dan pemurnian uranium berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Uranium merupakan salah satu logam berat berbahaya karena bersifat racun dan radioaktif sehingga perlu diketahui sampai sejauh mana sebaran uranium di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan meramalkan model kesetimbangan adsorpsi uranium yang dapat berlaku umum pada berbagai sedimen. Manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai data dukung bagi kegiatan analisis dampak lingkungan dalam pembangunan PLTN. Percobaan adsorpsi uranium dijalankan dalam sistem batch. Air limbah sebanyak 100 mL yang mengandung uranium dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer dan pH larutan diatur menjadi 7. Sebanyak 0,5 g sedimen dengan berbagai kandungan bahan organik, dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer ditempatkan dalam shaker dengan kecepatan 100 rpm selama 6 jam dan dibiarkan selama 24 jam sampai tercapai kesetimbangan. Filtrat yang terbentuk disaring dan dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer. Lima model kesetimbangan isotermal diajukan untuk mendekati data kesetimbangan. Kesetimbangan Chapman cocok dalam mendekati data percobaan pada berbagai sedimen dengan berbagai kadar bahan organik. Hasil olah data menunjukkan hanya bahan organik yang signifikan berperan dalam adsorpsi uranium. Berdasarkan asumsi hanya bahan organik yang mengadsorpsi uranium diajukan suatu metode yang dapat dipakai untuk meramalkan kesetimbangan adsorpsi uranium yang berlaku umum pada berbagai sedimen. Sebagai hasil, kesetimbangan Chapman memiliki nilai parameter α, β, γ berturut-turt sebesar 255 mg/g bahan organik; 0,049 L/mg, dan 1,9.

Koefisien Perpindahan Massa pada Ekstraksi Aspal Buton dari Kabungka dan Bau-Bau dengan Pelarut n-Heksan Suryo Purwono; Bardi Murachman; Dyah Tri Yulianti; dan Suwati
Forum Teknik Vol 29, No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Butonion natural asphalt can be used for binder in road construction after its impurities were removed by extraction using suitable solvent. Researches on extraction of Butonion asphalt have been done. However, most of them are explorative research.This experiment tried to find mass transfer coeficient for Butonion asphalt extraction. The mass tronsfer coefficient will be used in extraction tower design. In this experiment, multi-stage cross-cwrent extraction was used using n-hexane as a solvent. The number of stages was seven. Bitumen obtained was then distilled to separate the n-hexane. The operation variables were : size of solid, rotation and extTaction time.The relationship of the mass transfer coefficient with other variables can be written as:The constant values of Kabungka asphalt are : K=6.43558x10tt, a=0.141569, b=0.2825804, c =1.76857, d= - 1.381755, e=t.636537x102 ; those of Bau-Bau asphalt are : K= 6.3x I0tt'a = 0.0891, b= 0.28258, c= L7699, d = -1.3821Keywords : extraction, mass transfer, Butonion asphalt

Prediksi Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Uranium pada Air dan Sedimen pada Berbagai pH Jasmi Budi Utami; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Bardi Murachman; Gede Sutresna Wijaya
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Kegiatan yang melibatkan uranium sebagai bahan bakar nuklir berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Uranium merupakan salah satu logam berat berbahaya dan bersifat radioaktif sehingga perlu diketahui penyebarannya di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model kesetimbangan adsorpsi uranium pada air dan sedimen. Model yang disusun diharapkan sesuai untuk berbagai pH air. Percobaan adsorpsi uranium dijalankan dalam sistem batch. Air limbah sebanyak 100 ml yang mengandung uranium dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer dan pH larutan diatur menjadi 3, 5, 7, atau 9. Sebanyak 0,5 g tanah dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer ditempatkan dalam shaker dengan kecepatan 100 rpm selama 6 jam dan dibiarkan selama 24 jam sampai tercapai kesetimbangan. Filtrat yang terbentuk disaring dan dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer. Lima model kesetimbangan isotermal diajukan untuk mendekati data kesetimbangan. Sebagai hasil, kesetimbangan Chapman cocok dalam mendekati data percobaan pada berbagai pH air. Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui ion UO22+ memiliki nilai parameter α, β, γ masing-masing sebesar 25 mg/g, 2,3 l/mg, dan 18,1 sedangkan untuk ion (UO2)3(OH)7- masing-masing sebesar 19 mg/g, 0,095 l/mg, dan 3,4. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai data pendukung bagi analisis dampak lingkungan dalam pembangunan PLTN. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kesetimbangan, uranium, prediksi, sedimen, pH Activities involving uranium as nuclear fuel has potentially polluted the environment. Since uranium is a toxic and radioactive heavy metal, it is necessary to identify its distribution in nature. This study aims to define uranium adsorption equilibrium model in water and sediment. The model is also supposed to be appropriate for various pH of water. Experiments were performed in a batch system. One hundred mL of waste water for National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) containing uranium was placed in an erlenmeyer flask and the pH was varied at 3, 5, 7, or 9. Soil was used as adsorbent. The process was shaken at 100 rpm for six hours and then was left for 24 hours to reach the equilibrium. The resulting filtrate was filtered and analyzed using a spectrophotometer. Five different isotherm equilibrium models were proposed in order to fit the equilibrium experimental data. It was found that Chapman equilibrium could fit the data more thoroughly than the other models. From the calculation, it was known that UO22+ parameter values of α, β, γ were 25 mg/g-soil, 2,3 l/mg, and 18,1 respectively, while for (UO2)3(OH)7- were 19 mg/g, 0,095 l/mg, and 3,4 respectively. It is expected that this research will be useful as supporting data for environment impact analysis in nuclear power plants development. Keywords: adsorption, equilibrium, uranium, sediment, pH

Dekolorisasi dan Deoilisasi Parafin menggunakan Adsorben Zeolit, Arang Aktif dan Produk Pirolisis Batu Bara Bardi Murachman; Eddie Sandjaya Putra; Wulandary
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Indonesian wax production was reaching 50277 barrels in 2009. Although the wax production rate in Indonesia is quite high, it is still not enough to fulfill the demand. Therefore, Indonesia has to import wax from China. Unfortunately, Indonesian wax qualities, especially related to colour and hardness, are less compared with those from China. Local wax is more brownish yellow, soft and easily melted compared with the wax from China which is whiter, harder and difficult to melt. Many research activities have been conducted to improve quality of local wax. Among of them is with the use of adsorption method with adsorbent.Various adsorbents can be used, including activated carbon, zeolite, and coal pyrolysis product. The present work aim was to find the ability of forementioned adsorbent in purpose to improve the quality of wax, i.e. colour and texture, by decolorization dan deoilization process. Adsorbent was added to the wax at 90C and mixing was then conducted. Parameters under investigation were the influence of the ratio of wax to adsorbent and the optimum mixing time. Based on reduction of oil content and colour intensity, the best wax -adsorbent ratio was 6 : 6 with a mixing time of 50 minutes. Zeolite gives the best adsorption properties and high effectivity in deoilization and decolorization process. Keywords : adsorption, decolorization, deoilization, adsorbent, wax Produksi lilin di Indonesia mencapai 50.277 barrel pada tahun 2009. Walaupun produksi lilin di dalam negeri cukup tinggi, jumlah tersebut belum mencukupi permintaan dari masyarakat sehingga masih harus mengimport lilin dari Cina. Sayangnya, lilin dalam negeri kualitasnya lebih rendah dibandingkan lilin dari Cina. Lilin dalam negeri masih berwarna kuning kecoklatan, lunak dan mudah meleleh sedangkan lilin produksi Cina jauh lebih putih, keras dan lebih lama meleleh. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lilin. Proses adsorbsi menggunakan adsorben merupakan salah satunya. Berbagai jenis adsorben dapat digunakan, seperti arang aktif, zeolite, maupun produk pirolisis batu bara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi dari masing-masing adsorben tersebut dalam meningkatkan kualitas, warna dan struktur lilin, dengan cara dekolorisasi dan deoilisasi. Adsorben ditambahkan ke lilin pada suhu sekitar 90C dan dilakukan pengadukan. Parameter yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh rasio lilin : adsorben dan waktu pengadukan optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio lilin : adsorben terbaik adalah 6:6 bila dilihat dari pengurangan kadar minyak dan kadar zat warna, dengan waktu pengadukan terbaik adalah 50 menit. Zeolit memberikan sifat penjerapan terbaik dan efektivitas tinggi dalam proses deoilisasi dan dekolorisasi. Kata kunci : adsorpsi, dekolorisasi, deoilisasi, adsorben, lilin

Prediksi Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Uranium pada Air dan Sedimen pada Berbagai pH Jasmi Budi Utami; Wahyudi Budi Sediawan; Bardi Murachman; Gede Sutresna Wijaya
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 7, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.4950

Kegiatan yang melibatkan uranium sebagai bahan bakar nuklir berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Uranium merupakan salah satu logam berat berbahaya dan bersifat radioaktif sehingga perlu diketahui penyebarannya di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model kesetimbangan adsorpsi uranium pada air dan sedimen. Model yang disusun diharapkan sesuai untuk berbagai pH air. Percobaan adsorpsi uranium dijalankan dalam sistem batch. Air limbah sebanyak 100 ml yang mengandung uranium dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer dan pH larutan diatur menjadi 3, 5, 7, atau 9. Sebanyak 0,5 g tanah dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer ditempatkan dalam shaker dengan kecepatan 100 rpm selama 6 jam dan dibiarkan selama 24 jam sampai tercapai kesetimbangan. Filtrat yang terbentuk disaring dan dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer. Lima model kesetimbangan isotermal diajukan untuk mendekati data kesetimbangan. Sebagai hasil, kesetimbangan Chapman cocok dalam mendekati data percobaan pada berbagai pH air. Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui ion UO22+ memiliki nilai parameter α, β, γ masing-masing sebesar 25 mg/g, 2,3 l/mg, dan 18,1 sedangkan untuk ion (UO2)3(OH)7- masing-masing sebesar 19 mg/g, 0,095 l/mg, dan 3,4. Penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat sebagai data pendukung bagi analisis dampak lingkungan dalam pembangunan PLTN. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kesetimbangan, uranium, prediksi, sedimen, pH Activities involving uranium as nuclear fuel has potentially polluted the environment. Since uranium is a toxic and radioactive heavy metal, it is necessary to identify its distribution in nature. This study aims to define uranium adsorption equilibrium model in water and sediment. The model is also supposed to be appropriate for various pH of water. Experiments were performed in a batch system. One hundred mL of waste water for National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) containing uranium was placed in an erlenmeyer flask and the pH was varied at 3, 5, 7, or 9. Soil was used as adsorbent. The process was shaken at 100 rpm for six hours and then was left for 24 hours to reach the equilibrium. The resulting filtrate was filtered and analyzed using a spectrophotometer. Five different isotherm equilibrium models were proposed in order to fit the equilibrium experimental data. It was found that Chapman equilibrium could fit the data more thoroughly than the other models. From the calculation, it was known that UO22+ parameter values of α, β, γ were 25 mg/g-soil, 2,3 l/mg, and 18,1 respectively, while for (UO2)3(OH)7- were 19 mg/g, 0,095 l/mg, and 3,4 respectively. It is expected that this research will be useful as supporting data for environment impact analysis in nuclear power plants development. Keywords: adsorption, equilibrium, uranium, sediment, pH

Dekolorisasi dan Deoilisasi Parafin menggunakan Adsorben Zeolit, Arang Aktif dan Produk Pirolisis Batu Bara Bardi Murachman; Eddie Sandjaya Putra; Wulandary
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 8, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.11371

Indonesian wax production was reaching 50277 barrels in 2009. Although the wax production rate in Indonesia is quite high, it is still not enough to fulfill the demand. Therefore, Indonesia has to import wax from China. Unfortunately, Indonesian wax qualities, especially related to colour and hardness, are less compared with those from China. Local wax is more brownish yellow, soft and easily melted compared with the wax from China which is whiter, harder and difficult to melt. Many research activities have been conducted to improve quality of local wax. Among of them is with the use of adsorption method with adsorbent.Various adsorbents can be used, including activated carbon, zeolite, and coal pyrolysis product. The present work aim was to find the ability of forementioned adsorbent in purpose to improve the quality of wax, i.e. colour and texture, by decolorization dan deoilization process. Adsorbent was added to the wax at 90C and mixing was then conducted. Parameters under investigation were the influence of the ratio of wax to adsorbent and the optimum mixing time. Based on reduction of oil content and colour intensity, the best wax -adsorbent ratio was 6 : 6 with a mixing time of 50 minutes. Zeolite gives the best adsorption properties and high effectivity in deoilization and decolorization process. Keywords : adsorption, decolorization, deoilization, adsorbent, wax Produksi lilin di Indonesia mencapai 50.277 barrel pada tahun 2009. Walaupun produksi lilin di dalam negeri cukup tinggi, jumlah tersebut belum mencukupi permintaan dari masyarakat sehingga masih harus mengimport lilin dari Cina. Sayangnya, lilin dalam negeri kualitasnya lebih rendah dibandingkan lilin dari Cina. Lilin dalam negeri masih berwarna kuning kecoklatan, lunak dan mudah meleleh sedangkan lilin produksi Cina jauh lebih putih, keras dan lebih lama meleleh. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lilin. Proses adsorbsi menggunakan adsorben merupakan salah satunya. Berbagai jenis adsorben dapat digunakan, seperti arang aktif, zeolite, maupun produk pirolisis batu bara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi dari masing-masing adsorben tersebut dalam meningkatkan kualitas, warna dan struktur lilin, dengan cara dekolorisasi dan deoilisasi. Adsorben ditambahkan ke lilin pada suhu sekitar 90C dan dilakukan pengadukan. Parameter yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh rasio lilin : adsorben dan waktu pengadukan optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio lilin : adsorben terbaik adalah 6:6 bila dilihat dari pengurangan kadar minyak dan kadar zat warna, dengan waktu pengadukan terbaik adalah 50 menit. Zeolit memberikan sifat penjerapan terbaik dan efektivitas tinggi dalam proses deoilisasi dan dekolorisasi. Kata kunci : adsorpsi, dekolorisasi, deoilisasi, adsorben, lilin

Experimental Study on Hydrocracking Process of Asbuton Hydrocarbon Based on the Aromatic, and Waxy Residue Based on Paraffinic, by using Pt/Pd and γ-Alumina Catalyst in a Fixed Bed Reactor Bardi Murachman; Deendarlianto Deendarlianto; Nissaraly H.F.; Wakhid Hasyim
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 14, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The studies on the hydrocracking process to obtain the fuel by cracking of the carbon chain from the hydrocarbon compound both in the form of gas and liquid fuels have been carried-out massively by researchers over three decade. In the present experimental study, heavy hydrocarbon represented by asphaltic base materials (named as Extracted Asbuton) and paraffinic (waxy residue from Cepu oil refinery) were used as the object of the study; by observing the differences of the reaction mechanisms and the results that can be obtained. Here the operational conditions such as pressure, temperature, and time as well as the kinds of catalyst were considered as the main parameters. The experiments were carried-out under the similar operating condition such as temperature around 350 – 500oC, pressure around 5 up to 15 atmospheres, and evaporation time was (1 – 3) hours. As a result, it was obtained (a) the higher the temperature, pressure, and heating time, the higher hydrocracking conversion both of hydrocarbons, (b) reaction mechanism of hydrocracking by using asphalt extract as the material follows the Model 3 of the present work, in which asphalt vapor was trapped in catalyst surface, meanwhile the waxy residue followed the Model 1, (c) under the same condition, the conversion of asphalt extract was smaller than waxy residue, and (d) the conversion of asphalt extract using Pt/Pd catalyst was higher than γ-Alumina catalyst.Keywords : Asbuton, Waxy Residue, Hydrocracking, Reaction Mechanisms.

Optimization Study of the Solid Propellant (Rocket Fuel) Based on Extracted Bitumen of Indonesian Natural Buton Asphalt Bardi Murachman; Sajono Sajono; Fauzan Afandi; Johan Khaeri
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 13, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The asphalt propellant for rockets has been investigated since 1960. This material has been developed with the variation of fuels, oxidizer, binders, metal elements and additives. As solid propellant, it has some advantages and disadvantages during the implementation. At present, Extracted Buton asphalt has been studied as an alternative propellant fuels. It is a natural asphalt, extracted from Buton island asphalt rock. When the extract of buton asphalt is mixed with oxidizer, binder, and metal powder, it can be functioned as propellant which is able to release high intensity of energy, have strong thrust and power to fly the rocket. This optimization study of solid propellant was conducted by mixing the Buton asphalt as fuel, oxidizer, metal element and other additives to form a solid propellant. The oxidizer consisted of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4). The variations of KClO4/KNO3, propellant density and the ratio of the nozzle diameter were also conducted in order to find the best propellant composition and the optimum operating conditions to produce enough power while maintain the integrity of the rocket. The main parameters such as the propellant’s thrust (F) and the specific impulse (Isp) were examined. The results showed that higher composition of KClO4/KNO3 gave the higher value of the thrust and the specific impulse. KClO4/KNO3 levels above the 1:1 ratio produced an explosive properties at the time of ignition. The tendency of propellant to explode during ignition process was also observed. The optimum condition was obtained at the KClO4/KNO3 ratio of 1:1 , the propellant density was 1.900 gram/cm3 and Ae/A* was 3.33. These conditions generated impulse value that last for 277.07 seconds, average thrust of 14.082 N, and average rate of combustion of 0,24 cm/second. Therefore, it can be concluded that propellant with fuel from extracted of Buton asphalt can be used as an alternative propellant for rocket.

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