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Manufacturing of Bricks in the Past, in the Present and in the Future: A state of the Art Review Alaa A. Shakir; Ali Ahmed Mohammed
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 2, No 3: September 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (117.665 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v2.i3.pp145-156

Abstract

The most basic building material for construction of houses is the conventional brick. The rapid growth in today’s construction industry has obliged the civil engineers in searching for more efficient and durable alternatives far beyond the limitations of the conventional brick production. A number of studies had taken serious steps in manufacturing bricks from several of waste materials. However, the traditional mean of bricks production which has brought hazardous impacts to the context has not yet been changed or replaced by more efficient and sustainable one. This paper aims to compile this state of the art work of manufacturing bricks in the past and the current trend in the bricks industry with respect to the raw materials, ways of manufacturing and the out- comings. Moreover, the hazardous impacts of the conventional brick manufacturing will be wholly covered as well as the attempts of the previous researches in treating the problem properly. This paper is an attempt to fill the gap of the past studies and suggest more sustainable and sophisticated methods of brick manufacturing in the future.
Curb parking in Campus and Stimulating Students to use Public Bus within National University of Malaysia (UKM) Campus Alaa A. Shakir; Ali Ahmed Mohammed
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 2, No 3: September 2013
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (150.694 KB) | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v2.i3.pp105-112

Abstract

Given the great demand for parking and the implications in the environmental of commuting, universities not in the national university of Malaysia (UKM) only but around the world are implementing strategies to reduce dependence on private vehicles and increase the use of alternative modes of transport. That it must be that the system provides transportation comfort, save the time and be a friend of the environment. Were distributed in n= 80 samples for a survey of students to know the behavior of the student for transportation provided on campus. Noted in the questionnaire that focused on graduate students because they represent the largest proportion. In this questionnaire was to know about student behavior and prevent parking on campus and what is reason that prevents students from turning to public transport within the campus. The results shows that 65% use own vehicle and 35 % use public bus which shows the size of problem.