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All Journal Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
Abdjad Asih Nawangsih
Department of Plant Protection, IPB University
Medicine & Pharmacology

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Asap Cair Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Tanaman Pisang terhadap Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis Muhammad Evan Nurrahmawan; Giyanto; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Erina Sulistiani
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 5 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.5.183-194

Abstract

Bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan diketahui rentan terhadap cekaman pada awal pertumbuhan di lapangan. Pra-pengondisian bibit menggunakan agens priming dilaporkan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman. Asap cair tempurung kelapa dilaporkan mampu memacu pertumbuhan dan menginduksi ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi pengaruh asap cair asal tempurung kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada plantlet pisang Cavendish pada fase induksi perakaran serta penekanan R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Tahapan penelitian mencakup uji fitotoksisitas asap cair, analisis pertumbuhan plantlet, analisis aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan polifenol oksidase, isolasi R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis, dan uji toksisitas asap cair terhadap R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≥ 1.5% bersifat fitotoksik dengan gejala meliputi klorosis, nekrosis, terbentuk lendir dan kematian plantlet. Perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≤ 1% tidak bersifat fitotoksik, bahkan peningkatan pertumbuhan plantlet optimum ditunjukkan pada perlakuan asap cair 0.1%. Perlakuan asap cair menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada 2, 4 dan 6 hari setelah tanam (HST), tetapi menurun pada 30 HST. Selain itu, asap cair bersifat antibakteri melalui terbentuknya zona hambat dan menyebabkan penurunan nilai kerapatan sel R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi teknik priming untuk pengendalian penyakit darah pisang terutama pada bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan.
Screening of Liliaceae Rhizosphere Actinomycetes as Biological Control Agents of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae Eka Wijayanti; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Efi Toding Tondok
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 17 No 6 (2021)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.17.6.225-232

Abstract

Penyakit moler yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman bawang merah. Aktinomiset memiliki potensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae karena kemampuannya dalam memproduksi senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan menyeleksi isolat-isolat aktinomiset yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae dan memacu pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dibagi menjadi empat tahap, yaitu: isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasi, dan identifikasi isolat aktinomiset yang potensial. Sebanyak 43 isolat berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman Liliaceae dan sebanyak 14 isolat berhasil diseleksi berdasarkan hasil uji keamanan hayati. Hasil uji antagonisme menunjukkan bahwa 14 isolat menghasilkan penghambatan terhadap F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae sebesar 3.67%–53.67%. Di antara 14 isolat tersebut, sebanyak 13 isolat mampu memproduksi enzim kitinase dengan indeks kitinolitik sebesar 0.31–1.38. Lima isolat terpilih yaitu: ABF42, ABF59, ACF45, AEF35, dan AEF45, mampu melarutkan fosfat dan memproduksi IAA dengan konsentrasi 24.82–82.88 ppm, namun hanya tiga isolat yang mampu memfiksasi nitrogen. Berdasarkan sikuen gen 16S rRNA, lima isolat tersebut berturut-turut teridentifikasi sebagai: Streptomyces rameus, S. lydicus, S. panaciradicis, S. seoulensis, dan S. fuscichromogenes.
The Potentials of Cabbage Phyllospheric Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum on Chinese Cabbage Af’idzatuttama; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 18 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.3.115-124

Abstract

The Potentials of Cabbage Phyllospheric Bacteria as Biocontrol Agents of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum on Chinese Cabbage Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum (Syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) is one of the important diseases on chinese cabbage. The bacteria produce pectinase enzyme which decompose pectin on the central lamella of plant cell wall. The infected chinese cabbage become rotted, watery, and slimy. One of the alternatives controls to overcome the disease is the application of biocontrol agent isolated from the phyllosphere of chinese cabbage. This study aimes to evaluate and to select the potential phyllospheric bacteria from cabbage as biocontrol agents of soft rot disease caused by P. carotovorum on Chinese cabbage. The phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from Cianjur, Tegal, and Bogor Districts. Phyllosphere bacteria were tested for their safety by the hypersensitive reaction and hemolysis type on blood agar. They were tested for their inhibition capability to the growth of P. carotovorum in vitro and to control the soft rot disease in vivo. Two isolates with potential control activity to the soft rot disease in chinese cabbage are TG11 and TG20. Based on the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, isolates TG11 and TG 12 were identified as Chryseobacterium sp.
Character Diversity of Black Rot Bacterial Strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) on Cabbage against Mixture of Active Ingredients Azoxystrobin and Diphenoconazole Af'idzatuttama; Abdjad Asih Nawangsih; Giyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol 19 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.19.2.45-56

Abstract

Character Diversity of Black Rot Bacterial Strains (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) on Cabbage against Mixture of Active Ingredients Azoxystrobin and Diphenoconazole Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a bacterium that causes black rot on cabbage. Farmers still rely on the synthetic pesticides azoxystrobin and difenoconazole to control diseases in cabbage which are feared to have an impact on the diversity of X. campestris pv. campestris. The objective of the research was to obtain genetic and phenotypic diversity data on X. campestris pv. campestris, as well as obtaining data on the resistance response of these bacterial isolates to a mixture of the active ingredients azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. The study consisted of five stages (1) sampling on land with black rot symptoms; (2) isolation of bacteria using tissue implant technique; (3) selection of isolates by testing properties of Gram, hypersensitivity, starch hydrolysis, and pathogenicity; (4) identification using specific and universal 16S rRNA primers; and (5) analysis of genotypic diversity by in silico RFLP method and phenotypic diversity by measuring EPS weight. The results of molecular characterization and identification obtained five isolates of X. campestris pv. campestris (CLT01, CDA08, SDA02, SDA22, and SDA26). The results of the analysis of genotypic diversity showed that the five isolates had genetic diversity based on the cutting of the 16S rRNA gene DNA fragment, while phenotypically indicated different Inhibition concentration (IC) values. SDA22 isolate had the highest IC50 value and different genetic diversity compared to other X. campestris pv. campestris. The use of synthetic pesticides azoxystrobin and difenoconazole continuously for a long time is feared to have an impact on pathogenic microbes such as X. campestris pv. campestris. So that other control alternatives are needed so that there is no resistance to these pathogenic microbes.
Co-Authors . Giyanto Af'idzatuttama Af’idzatuttama Efi Toding Tondok Eka Wijayanti Erina Sulistiani Kikin H Mutaqin Muhammad Evan Nurrahmawan