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Gender-Responsive Budget Analysis on Social Protection Programs in Indonesia: A Case Study in Two Districts and A City Akhmad Misbakhul Hasan; Betta Anugrah; Andi Misbahul Pratiwi
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Feminists’ Discourse and Politics
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i1.308

Abstract

Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 9 of 2000 about Gender Mainstreaming is a mechanism to in National Development has impacts on the planning and implementation of public policy in Indonesia. Public policy becomes an important arena for the struggle to realize gender equality and justice. One of the government’s commitments to this matter can be seen through Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB). This study analyses gender responsive budgeting in social protection programs in Indonesia, with case studies in three regions, namely Gunungkidul Regency, North Lombok Regency, and Padang City. Data collection is carried out by in-depth interviews and literature studies, including the Indonesian Budget and Regional Government Budget documents. This study conducted GRB analysis in three regions with three categories of budget expenditure analysis, namely specifically identified gender-based expenditure, equal employment opportunity expenditure, and mainstream budget expenditure. The results of the study show that in several regions there have been gender-responsive specific budget allocations for affirmation programs for women, children, the elderly, and dissability. However, it can be seen that the budget and gender-specific expenditure are still centralized in services that are identical to women's affairs, and not yet mainstreamed in all of the budget allocation. 
The Policies, Practices, and Politics of Women Representation in Political Parties: A Case Study of Women Members of Parliament in Regency/City-level Legislative Council Period 2014-2019 Andi Misbahul Pratiwi
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 2 (2019): Women and Democracy
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i2.323

Abstract

Political parties play an important role as a gateway to women's representation. In political party the entire battle to win seats in parliament occurs. Therefore, the policies, practices and politics in the political party determine the face of women's representation in parliament. This study focuses on policy, practice and politics in political parties in the context of encouraging women's representation in regency/city-level legislative council in Indonesia. This research explores the strategy experience and challenges faced by women legislative members in regency/city-level legislative council for the 2014-2019 period of the four parties that passed to parliament in the 2014 elections, namely PDIP, Golkar, Gerindra and one Islamic party, PPP. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and document review of articles of association/bylaws (AD/ART) of political parties. The results showed that 1) AD/ART of a number of political parties has adopted a 30% quota affirmative policy for party management structures and the formation of women’s party wing organizations; 2) the practices of affirmative action policies in the process of recruitment, candidacy and political campaigns have not yet fully adopted the ideology of gender mainstreaming; knowledge, programs and decisions of political parties as well as competition between legislative candidates in competing for votes are still gender biased, thus detrimental to women’s political agenda; 3) Parliamentary women experience psychological violence and intimidation in pushing the political agenda of women in parliament - rooted in patriarchal ideology, while the women’s wing have not standing for women’s agenda.
Poor Women’s Access to Antenatal Care and Childbirth Services in Indonesia: Case Study in Five Districts Dyan Widyaningsih; Elza Samantha Elmira; Andi Misbahul Pratiwi
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 3 (2019): Women and Health
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i3.345

Abstract

The health of pregnant women often becomes an indicator of human development. On the other hand, the fact of the high maternal mortality rate, raises questions related to the government’s attention to the health of pregnant women, especially women in poor areas. This article focuses on poor women’s access to health services for antenatal care and childbirth in five regencies in Indonesia. The aspects studied include the availability of health services for antenatal care and childbirth, poor women’s access to these services, and supporting factors/actors and barriers to poor women’s access to health services. This article showed that the availability of health facilities is not always in line with the increased awareness of pregnant women to access these services. Road infrastructure condition, distance, and cost to access health service still remain a challenge. Meanwhile, the policy of incentives and disincentives to traditional birth attendants has an influence on the increasing number of pregnant women who check their pregnancies and childbirth at health facilities. Thus, health issues of pregnant women and safe childbirth require a different effort. Aspects of the local context and supporting infrastructure also require serious attention. 
Community Knowledge and Behavior Towards Unwanted Pregnancy in Eight Provinces of Sumatra: Between Religious, Customary and State Norms Dina Lumbantobing; Sita Van Bemmelen; Andi Misbahul Pratiwi; Anita Dhewy
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 3 (2019): Women and Health
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i3.357

Abstract

Based on field observations and experiences in assisting women by the PERMAMPU Consortium, there are still many women who face unwanted pregnancy (KTD). Therefore it is needed research to find out the needs of women related to KTD. This article focuses on three things, namely (1) understanding and knowledge of informants about KTD; (2) perception of the best and the worst solutions for KTD cases; (3) women’s behavior related to KTD. The study uses three categories of KTD: KTD experienced by married women, KTD experienced by unmarried women, and KTD experienced by victims of acts of violence. This article is written from the 2014 PERMAMPU Consortium research report entitled The Compilation of Unwanted Pregnancy Research Reports/KTD in Eight Provinces, Sumatra Island. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection conducted through interviews and FGDs. This paper shows that there are similarities and differences in the understanding, perceptions, behavior of women and society in relation to KTD. Various forms of rules and norms generally view pregnancy as natural, so that it is always desirable, have controlled women and society in behaving and handling KTD. There are various forms of KTD and various forms of coping methods that are not always in line with existing rules and are generally done secretly. Thus, women who experience unwanted pregnancy need recognition of their problems, including their voices and needs and supported to make decisions for themselves.  
When Wetlands Dry: Feminist Political Ecology Study on Peat Ecosystem Degradation in South and Central Kalimantan Catharina Indirastuti; Andi Misbahul Pratiwi
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 4 (2019): Rural Women's Agency
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i4.379

Abstract

Indonesia tropical peatlands area is 47 percent of out of the total global peatlands. But unfortunately, sustainable peatland governance has not been widely applied in the management of peatlands, instead of being home to biodiversity, peatlands in Indonesia have ended up dry, burning and turned into monoculture plantations. The problem of peat ecosystem degradation is the result of unsustainable - historical environmental governance politics. This study shows the political complexity of peatland governance and its impact on women with a feminist political ecology lens. This research was conducted in several villages in Central and South Kalimantan, the largest tropical peat areas in Indonesia. This study found that 1) Rural women were realized that there are problems with peatland governance, both practically and politically; 2) women and girls have multiple impacts from peat ecosystem degradation ie, women are deprived of living space, women find it difficult to get water and food sources, women take over the role of the head of the family because men migrate but are not always recognized as the head of the family, and women are impoverished because they lose their independence and must work as oil palm workers. This study uses a feminist political ecology study as an analytical tool to see the multi-layered oppression experienced by rural women due to peat ecosystem degradation.
Rural Women’s Agency on Forest and Land Governance in The Midst of Change: Case Study in Five Provinces Andi Misbahul Pratiwi; Abby Gina Boangmanalu
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 24 No. 4 (2019): Rural Women's Agency
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v24i4.385

Abstract

Women in rural areas face serious problems as a result of ecological social changes in the village--which are almost mutually interconnected with the expansion of extractive industries and rural development paradigm. Forests and land become as the identity that cannot be left behind in seeing changes in rural areas. Sustainable forest and land governance are one of the ways to reduce the risk of environmental damage & degradation, land use change, deforestation, and loss of food resources and livelihoods of rural communities. One of the principles of sustainable forest and land governance is transparency and participation. In this study we found, explain, and analyse 1) how the social ecological changes in the villages through the expreinces of women who is a trailblazer or local champion in 5 provinces (West Papua, East Kalimantan, Aceh, Central Sulawesi, Bengkulu); 2) the struggle of rural women in seizing the right to information and participation in the process of forest and land governance; 3) women’s agency in creating positive socio-ecological changes in the village area. This research found that women’s agencies are not single and are produced from various forms of power, namely the power/ability to influence and reduce barriers, to change at the household and community level, the power to organize and change existing hierarchies, the power to increase individual awareness and the desire to change, the strength of collective action and solidarity.
Women Village Facilitator Action on Economic Revitalization of the Women's Group: a Case Study in 3 peatland villages, Central Kalimantan Nur Iman Subono; Andi Misbahul Pratiwi; Abby Gina Boangmanalu
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 25 No. 1 (2020): Women and Peatlands
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v25i1.412

Abstract

Peatlands play an important role in the ecological and economic aspects. Peatlands degradation in various regions in Indonesia brings economic issues, especially for women. The involvement of women in the peatland restoration program as a strategy needs to be reviewed. This research focuses on the involvement of women in the peatland restoration as a village facilitator, mainly on aspects of economic revitalization. This research focuses in 3 Villages in Central Kalimantan Province, Jabiren Village, Tumpang Nusa Village, and Gandang Barat Village. The main question of this research is how are the actions, challenges, and strategies experienced by women as village facilitators in the Desa Peduli Gambut program. Based on in-depth interviews with relevant actors and literature studies, this research finds, 1) the economic revitalization program conducted by women village facilitators build the economic resilience of rural women communities and changes the gender relations; 2) women village facilitators faced structural and cultural obstacles in their action; 3) the program is also the part of political actions for peatlands preservation.
Gender Analysis on Productive Economy Program for Returnee Women Migrant Workers: A Case Study in Kenanga Village, Indramayu District Andi Misbahul Pratiwi; Yusmiati Vistamika Wangka; Andi Nur Faizah
Jurnal Perempuan Vol. 25 No. 3 (2020): Women Migrant Workers
Publisher : Yayasan Jurnal Perempuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34309/jp.v25i3.462

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries of origin for migrant workers in the world. In the context of migration, the discourse on natural resources, sustainable economy, and women’s impowerment are not the mainstream discussion. The resilience or economic sustainability of returnee women migrant workers (RWMWs) is also a major problem in migration policy schemes and practices inIndonesia. This paper explores how the model of economic empowerment in Kenanga Village, Indramayu District, as a local initiative can bring welfare toward RWMWs and goes beyond the discourse of safe migration. The data in this research analyzed using Harvard and Longwee’ gender analysis tools as well as indicator of gender mainstreaming, and Naila Kabeer’s theory of empowerment. This paper finds that local initiatives of productive economy have a positive impact on the economic sustainability of RWMWs in Kenanga Village. It is important to develop economic resilience as an alternative to alleviate poverty. However, in the empowerment program,it is important to consider various aspects of gender justice.