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CANDU DAN MILITER KETERLIBATAN BADAN-BADAN PERJUANGAN DALAM PERDAGANGAN CANDU DI JAWA PADA MASA REVOLUSI Julianto Ibrahim
Jurnal Kawistara Vol 6, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

During revolution era, Indonesian government used and traded opium for struggle funds. This decisionwas based on the fact that the social, economic and financial was shattered due to Japanese occupation.Whereas the government should provide substantial funds to pay the war operations, employeesalaries and soldiers, buy weapons of war, and pay representatives abroad. This paper constitutesas the result of historical studies, that is why it uses historical method and methodologies. Historicalmethod constitutes as a historian guidelines to find historical documents. Historian is like “handyman”who collects historical sources such as archives and documents in “warehouses” archives and libraries.When written sources are considered as not enough, then those will be held interviews with historicalactors involved directly or indirectly to the problem under study. Historical method constitutes aworks of historian from processing facts, explanations to the reconstruction of the results under study.Methodology provides the framework of thinking as historian, that is why, it needs to pay attentionto the concepts and theories in preparing the events of the past. This study is based on the methodfrom Ernst Bernheim, that are heuristic, criticism, auffassung and darstellung. Indonesian governmentfully managed and controlled the opium trade and circulation in Java. The management was led bythe Vice President Office assisted by two ministries, namely the Ministry of Finance and Ministry ofDefence Quartermaster Section. Under those two ministries, there was the Mayor Administrative Officeof Opium and Salt in Surakarta which coordinated major offices in several cities, especially in Kediriand Yogyakarta. The Administrative Office of Opium and Salt in Kediri stored raw opium. Then, rawopium was sent to processing factory in Wonosari and Beji Klaten. The cooked opium was sent to TheAdministrative Office of Opium and Drug in Yogyakarta or The Mayor Administrative Office of Opiumand Salt in Surakarta. This office in Surakarta authorized to issue raw opium to the struggle agencies tobe sold to the territory of republic, occupied Netherlands area or smuggled abroad.

Militer Dan Kapitalisme Ersatz: Bisnis ABRI Pada Masa Orde Baru Julianto Ibrahim
Humaniora Vol 14, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Setelah jatuhnya rejim Suharto, keberadaan ABRI sebagai sebuah kekuatan sosial politik digugat oleh banyak pihak. Mereka menganggap bahwa tidak seharusnya ABRI menempati jabatan-jabatan di luar Hankam yang seharusnya menjadi porsi golongan sipil. Menurut Bilveer Singh, dalam kebanyakan masyarakat barat, peran militer pada dasarnya adalah untuk mendukung aspirasi politik masyarakat di bawah kepemimpinan sipil. Pernyataan ini didasarkan pada pendapat Samuel P. Hutington yang mengatakan bahwa mayoritas profesional militer di barat menerima kekuasaan sipil sebagai hak yang sudah semestinya ada. Oleh karena itu, ketika militer “menyimpang” dan ikut campur tangan dalam urusan sipil, maka sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Taufik Abdullah, muncul kekhawatiran yang didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa tindakan illegal telah dilakukan. Pemikiran yang menempatkan militer sebagai kekuatan yang mendukung sipil untuk menjalankan urusan yang menjadi “bagiannya” tidak sepenuhnya diterapkan di negara-negara dunia ketiga termasuk Indonesia. Kajian-kajian yang memperlihatkan intervensi militer dalam bidang politik menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan militer dan krisis yang dihadapi suatu negara mendorong militer ikut campur tangan dalam urusan sipil. Hal itu bisa dilihat dari kajian yang dikemukakan oleh Harol Crouch , Amos Perlmutter , Finer maupun Claude Welch. Kajian mereka memperlihatkan bahwa intervensi militer dalam segala bidang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain. Intervensi militer dalam bidang politik tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan penguasaan militer dalam bidang lain seperti bidang ekonomi.

EKSPLOITASI EKONOMI PENDUDUKAN JEPANG DI SURAKARTA (1942-1945) Julianto Ibrahim
Humaniora Vol 16, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Tulisan ini mengungkapkan eksploitasi ekonomi yang dilakukan pemerintah militer Jepang di Surakarta. Kebijakan dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan sumber bahan makanan pokok dan penanaman paksa terhadap tanaman yang menguntungkan untuk perang. Sumber bahan makanan pokok yang wajib dikumpulkan adalah padi, gaplek, jagung, kapas, dan rosela. Pengumpulan padi dan gaplek yang sangat eksploitatif menyebabkan masyarakat Surakarta mengalami kekurangan pangan, sehingga banyak di antara mereka mengkonsumsi makanan yang tidak layak dimakan, yaitu bonggol pisang dan bonggol sente.

TEATER RAKYAT SEBAGAI MEDIA KRITIK SOSIAL: FUNGSI HUMOR DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN LENONG BETAWI Julianto Ibrahim
Humaniora Vol 18, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lenong Betawi is a part of community theatrical performance that is still able to survive in today globalization era. Lenong Betawi has a great role in making criticism about current social life. The criticisms are expressed through humor that is the a main characteristic of the performance art. In Betawi society, humor is a form of expression of long time under-pressured condition. The story of lenong that describes life in the colonial era has function as medium relating the past and today. The past that placed Betawi society as peripheral society is understood by lenong performers and its supporters that live in peripheral society. Community theatrical performance is part of peripheral culture, so it has interest in expressing criticism as a form of counter culture over excessive ruler domination.

Catutisme dan Perjuangan: Korupsi Pengumpulan Padi di Jawa Tengah pada Masa Revolusi, 1945-1949 Julianto Ibrahim
Lembaran Sejarah Vol 18, No 1 (2022): Special Edition: Revolusi Indonesia
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.80451

This article discusses corruption actions committed by the officials of the People’s Food Supervision (PMR - Pengawasan Makanan Rakyat), a government body assigned to collect rice donations from the population in Central Java during the revolution period. Those officials swindled and took a certain portion of the collected rice for personal use, while originally it was supposed to be distributed to the fighters and starving people. Rice collecting is one of Indonesia’s government endeavors to obtain the needed funds to sustain the revolution. The practice was actually a continuation of the one introduced during the Japanese Colonial Period. The collected rice was used as a logistics supply for fighters in the front. Part of it was also shared with people in need. To collect the rice efficiently, the government pointed out several boards, including PMR. Unfortunately, The PMR officials who were responsible for the task on behalf of the Republican government corrupted the rice.

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