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All Journal MKGK (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Klinik) (Clinical Dental Journal) UGM ODONTO Dental Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah Oceana Biomedicina Journal JITEKGI Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi E-Prodenta Journal of Dentistry Oceana Biomedicina Journal Cakradonya Dental Journal Odonto dental journal
Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Bagian Oral Biology, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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KADAR HAMBAT MINIMUM DAN KADAR BUNUH MINIMUM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN OREGANO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CANDIDA ALBICANS Bernadete Marcelianta Cantika Br. Tarigan; Shelly Lelyana; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Jurnal Ilmiah dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi Vol 17, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32509/jitekgi.v17i2.1595

Abstract

Latar belakang: Candida albicans merupakan salah satu flora normal oral yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada rongga mulut manusia yang disebut sebagai kandidiasis. Manajemen primer yang sering digunakan dalam mengatasi kandidiasis pada rongga mulut salah satunya adalah nystatin, namun pemberian nystatin hanya terbatas pada pengobatan topikal infeksi kandidiasis kulit dan mukosa karena memiliki spektrum yang sempit dan penyerapan yang buruk pada saluran pencernaan serta memiliki efek samping pada dosis yang tinggi seperti mual ringan, diare, dan muntah. Masyarakat sering menggunakan daun oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit seperti gangguan bronkial, gangguan pencernaan, gatal pada kulit dan flu.Sejumlah penelitian (secara in vitro dan in vivo) juga menunjukkan bahwa daun oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) mengandung beragam senyawa fitokimia seperti fenolik glikosida, flavonoid, tanin, sterol dan terpenoid dalam jumlah tinggi. Tujuan: Mengetahui kadar hambat minimum (KHM) dan kadar bunuh minimum (KBM) ekstrak etanol daun oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental murni laboratorium secara in vitro dengan cara membandingkan kelompok sampel yang mengandung ekstrak etanol daun oregano dengan konsentrasi 50 mg/ml; 25 mg/ml; 12,5 mg/ml; 6,25 mg/ml; 3,125 mg/ml; 1,562 mg/ml; 0,781 mg/ml; serta kontrol negatif berupa DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) 10% dan kontrol positif berupa nystatin. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode broth microdilution pada 96 well plate yang diamati dengan spektofotometri dan uji kadar bunuh minimum (KBM) dengan metode spread pada agar yang dihitung menggunakan colony counter. Hasil Penelitian: Ekstrak etanol daun oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) memiliki kadar hambat minimum (KHM) pada konsentrasi 0,781 mg/ml dan kadar bunuh minimum (KBM) pada konsentrasi 50 mg/ml. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans.
Kadar hambat minimum dan kadar bunuh minimum ekstrak etanol lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicansThe minimum inhibitory concentration and a minimum lethal dose of red galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) ethanolic extract on the growth of Candida albicans Harunai Kamoda; Shelly Lelyana; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 32, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v32i1.25422

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Kandidiasis rongga mulut merupakan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Candida albicans, dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi yaitu 20% - 75%. Obat antijamur yang umum digunakan untuk pengobatan kandidiasis rongga mulut adalah nistatin, akan tetapi nistatin memiliki efek samping dan harganya relatif mahal. Sebagai alternatif lain digunakan tanaman obat seperti lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga L) yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antijamur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar hambat minimum (KHM) dan kadar bunuh minimum (KBM) ekstrak etanol lengkuas merah terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental murni dengan membandingkan kelompok uji yang mengandung ekstrak etanol lengkuas merah (alpinia galanga L) dengan konsentrasi 200mg/ml; 100mg/ml; 50mg/ml; 25mg/ml; 12,5mg/ml; 6,25mg/ml; kontrol positif berupa nistatin, dan kontrol negatif berupa DMSO 10% terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans dengan mengamati kekeruhan larutan pada 96 well plate menggunakan spectrophotometer  dan KBM ditentukan menggunakan colony counter dengan pengulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan uji parametrik ANOVA dan uji Post Hoc Tuckey. Hasil: Hasil uji ANOVA nilai p 0,00 yang artinya bahwa kedua data memiliki nilai yang signifikan antar perlakuan, dan uji Post Hoc Tuckey memperlihatkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada setiap kelompok uji terhadap jumlah Candida. Simpulan: Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga L) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicancs adalah 200mg/ml namun hanya menghambat 60%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol lengkuas merah (Alpinia galanga L) tidak dapat membunuh Candida albicans.Kata kunci: Candida albicans, lengkuas merah, Alpinia galanga L. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus that can cause oral candidiasis, reaches 20% - 70% prevalence in human. Antifungal drugs often used for oral candidiasis treatment is nystatin, but nystatin has many harmful side effects, and its price is relatively high. Therefore, herbal remedies such as red galangal (Alpinia galanga L.), which presumed to have antifungal activity, can be used as an alternative treatment. The purpose of this research was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and a minimum lethal dose of red galangal ethanolic extract on the growth of Candida albicans. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory, conducted by comparing the test group containing ethanolic extracts of red galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) with the concentrations of 200mg/ml; 100mg/ml; 50mg/ml; 25mg/ml; 12.5mg/ml; and 6.25mg/ml; positive control group was treated with nystatin; and negative control with 10% DMSO. The solutions on 96 well plates were observed with a spectrophotometer, and the minimum killing concentration (MKC) was determined using a colony counter, and the experiment was replicated four times. The result was then analysed with ANOVA parametric test and the Post-Hoc Tuckey test afterwards. Results: The result of the ANOVA test showed that the p-value was < 0.05, which means that all treatments have a significant value, while the Post-Hoc Tuckey test indicated that there were significant differences in each group regarding the number of Candida albicans. Conclusion: Minimum Inhibitory Level (MIC) of red galangal (Alpinia galanga L) ethanolic extract against Candida albicans growth is 200mg/ml but only inhibits 60% of the growth. In contrast, the extract is unable to mortally affects the Candida albicans.Keywords: Candida albicans, red galangal, Alpinia galanga L.
Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) terhadap bakteri Prevotella intermediaAntibacterial activity of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel extract towards Prevotella intermedia Velia Agatha; Calvin Kurnia; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 33, No 2 (2021): Agustus 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v33i2.33226

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Prevotella intermedia merupakan salah satu bakteri utama pada penyakit periimplantitis. Periimplantitis merupakan inflamasi jaringan lunak dan keras disekitar implan yang dapat dicegah menggunakan ekstrak tanaman antibakteri. Salah satunya yaitu kulit jeruk nipis, yang dapat menghambat proses inflamasi karena mengandung alkaloid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, tanin sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan antibakteri kulit jeruk nipis dengan mengukur Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Prevotella intermedia. Metode: Eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Pengujian KHM dan KBM dilakukan dengan metode dilusi, kulit jeruk nipis dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% sehingga didapatkan ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis dengan konsentrasi 0,78, 1,56, 3,125, 6,25, 12,5, 25, 50, dan 100% dengan chlorhexidine sebagai kontrol positif dan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Media kultur bakteri menggunakan Tripton Soya Agar. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis statistik menggunakan Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri yang signifikan (p=0,0001) pada KBM dan KHM dari berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Prevotella intermedia, uji lanjutan Mann Whitney  menunjukkan perbedaan penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri yang signifikan (p=0,021) antar masing-masing konsentrasi dan kelompok kontrol. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimal ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap bakteri Prevotella intermedia 12,5%, konsentrasi bunuh minimalnya 25%. Kata kunci: agen antibakteri; ekstrak jeruk nipis; Prevotella intermediaABSTRACTIntroduction: Prevotella intermedia is one of the main bacteria in periimplantitis. Periimplantitis is inflammation of the soft and hard tissues around the implant that can be prevented using antibacterial plant extracts. One of them is lime peel, which can inhibit the inflammatory process due to its alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins as antibacterial compounds. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of lime peel by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of lime peel extract on the growth of Prevotella intermedia. Methods: Experimental laboratory with post-test only control group design. The MIC and MBC tests were performed by the dilution method. The lime peel was macerated using 70% ethanol solvent to obtain lime peel extract with concentrations of 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% with chlorhexidine as a positive control and aquadest as a negative control. Bacterial culture media using Tripton Soy Agar. Results: Based on statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis showed a significant difference in the decrease of the number of bacterial colonies (p=0.0001) in MBC and MIC from various concentrations of lime peel extract on the growth of Prevotella intermedia bacteria. Furthermore, the Mann Whitney follow-up test showed differences in the decrease of the number of bacterial colonies, which was significant (p=0.021) between each concentration and control group. Conclusions: The minimum inhibitory concentration of lime peel extract towards the growth of Prevotella intermedia was 12.5%, with the minimum bactericidal concentration of 25%. Keywords: antibacterial agent; citrus extracts; Prevotella intermedia
The effect of Indian jujube leaves extract in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis Gracia Yodianvi Pratiwi; Henry Yonatan Mandalas; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 34, No 1 (2022): March
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol34no1.33007

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys tooth-supporting tissues and is associated with increased risk factors for systemic diseases. The main pathogen of periodontitis is the bacteria P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic, pleomorphic, coccobacillus, non-motile, and saccharolytic. The leaves of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) have the main bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids which have antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to analyse various concentrations of the ethanol extract of Indian jujube leaves against P. gingivalis. Methods: The method used in this study was the disc diffusion test based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. P. gingivalis preparation and the fresh leaves of Indian jujube collected from one of the plantations in Probolinggo, East Java. In this study, tests used various concentrations of Indian jujube leaves extract, namely 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100%. Data antibacterial activity was classified according to David and Stout’s inhibition zone classification. Results: Indian jujube leaves extract with a concentration between 10-30% had weak antibacterial activity, 40-60% had moderate antibacterial activity, and 70-100% had strong antibacterial activity. The largest inhibitory zone diameter against P. gingivalis was found at a concentration of 100%. Conclusion: Indian jujube leaves extract starting from a concentration of 70% can inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis with strong antibacterial activity.
Viability of fibroblast cells on the clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves ethanol extract Anindhita Cindy Felicia; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman; Natallia Pranata
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 31, No 1 (2019): March 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (18.565 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol31no1.21236

Abstract

Introduction: Various active compounds of herbal plants that are known to accelerate the wound healing process are flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. One amongst them is clove (Syzygium aromaticum), with the leaves as the most common part to be used as herbal medicine due to the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the use of the biocompatibility of clove leaves as herbal medicine is still unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity effects of clove leaves ethanol extract on the fibroblast cells and safe dosage (IC50) for medicinal use. Methods: Phytochemical tests using the Farnsworth method and viability test was performed using the laboratory experimental with post-test only control group design. The samples were divided into seven concentrations; 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.63, and 7.81 μg/ml, with three repetitions (triplo) towards the fibroblast cells. Viability test was performed using MTS assay. Results: Based on the results obtained from one-way ANOVA statistical test, there was a significant difference between the percentage of cell viability and each concentration (α ≤ 0.05), with IC50 value of 344.814 μg/ml. Conclusion: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves ethanol extract showed a high percentage of cell viability at the concentrations below the IC50 value.Keywords: Clove leaves, cytotoxicity, fibroblast cell, MTS assay, periodontal diseases, viability.
Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Therapy in the Oral Cavity Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Denta Journal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2 No 2 (2019): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Volume 2 Issue (No) 2 July - December 2019
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Therapy by using stem cells has recently been considered a scientific breakthrough for the world of medicine and dentistry, and is considered an important weapon in combating various diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells are cells that have the ability to renew themselves, are multipotent, capable of differentiating and proliferating, and are immunosuppressive, so that they can be used to repair and regenerate various tissues through regenerative therapy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of various sources of stem cells and the latest findings and also their implications for improving the health of the oral cavity through regeneration of various tissues in the oral cavity. The use of mesenchymal stem cells in the field of dentistry is considered that the new era of dentistry is being started and is expected to change the paradigm in carrying out treatment of diseases in the oral cavity. Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from various tissues that can be used in regenerative therapy through tissue engineering to repair and regenerate tissue in the oral cavity. In utilizing this technology, stem cells, regulators, and matrices are needed as a framework that can facilitate cells to cling to, differentiate, proliferate, form matrices, and increase specific interactions between cells. Conclusions, mesenchymal stem cells can be used in regenerative therapy in the oral cavity to repair and regenerate damaged tissue through tissue engineering technology.
Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Therapy in the Oral Cavity Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Oceana Biomedicina Journal Vol 2 No 2 (2019): Oceana Biomedicina Journal Volume 2 Issue (No) 2 July - December 2019
Publisher : Universitas Hang Tuah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/obj.v2i2.29

Abstract

Therapy by using stem cells has recently been considered a scientific breakthrough for the world of medicine and dentistry, and is considered an important weapon in combating various diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells are cells that have the ability to renew themselves, are multipotent, capable of differentiating and proliferating, and are immunosuppressive, so that they can be used to repair and regenerate various tissues through regenerative therapy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of various sources of stem cells and the latest findings and also their implications for improving the health of the oral cavity through regeneration of various tissues in the oral cavity. The use of mesenchymal stem cells in the field of dentistry is considered that the new era of dentistry is being started and is expected to change the paradigm in carrying out treatment of diseases in the oral cavity. Mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from various tissues that can be used in regenerative therapy through tissue engineering to repair and regenerate tissue in the oral cavity. In utilizing this technology, stem cells, regulators, and matrices are needed as a framework that can facilitate cells to cling to, differentiate, proliferate, form matrices, and increase specific interactions between cells. Conclusions, mesenchymal stem cells can be used in regenerative therapy in the oral cavity to repair and regenerate damaged tissue through tissue engineering technology.
PERANAN AIR PERASAN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP Prevotella intermedia PADA PENCEGAHAN PERIIMPLANTITIS (SECARA IN-VITRO) Akane Kitayama; Calvin Kurnia; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
B-Dent: Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah Vol 9, No 2 (2022): Vol 9 No 2, Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Baiturrahmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33854/jbd.v9i2.1176

Abstract

Introduction: One of the complications of using implants in patients is peri-implantitis which occurs due to the invasion of Prevotella intermedia bacteria. Therefore, we need an agent that can play a role in inhibiting the growth of these bacteria, including lime juice. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is an herbal plant that is often used by the community in traditional medicine because it contains antibacterial compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lime juice has antibacterial activity against the growth of Prevotella intermedia by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Method: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design approach. The method used in this research is microdilution with 10 treatments. Results: The results of the antibacterial test were carried out by counting the number of bacterial colonies on the agar media, and the data were analyzed by using the One-way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed that the least number of bacterial colonies was found at a concentration of 3.125%, namely 8.75. Conclusion: Lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) has an antibacterial effect by inhibiting the growth of Prevotella intermedia at a concentration of 3.125% and can kill the growth of Prevotella intermedia at a concentration of 6.25%.
Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Prevotella intermedia Fatta Wijaya; Calvin Kurnia; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
E-Prodenta Journal of Dentistry Vol 6 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi UB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.eprodenta.2022.006.02.4

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme, berkembangdari waktu ke waktu yang diawali dengan akumulasi plak gigi. Salah satu mikroorganisme yang memiliki hubungandalam terjadinya periodontitis adalah Prevotella intermedia, yang merupakan bakteri gram negatif yang seringdiisolasi pada plak gigi. Buah asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) mengandung metabolit sekunder yaitu senyawaflavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, dan fenolik yang berperan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri buah asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) terhadap pertumbuhanbakteri Prevotella intermedia dengan mengukur Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM).Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dilusi, sebanyak 10 perlakuan dengankonsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,13%, 1,56%, 0,78%, kontrol positif dengan chlorhexidineglukonat 0,2%, kontrol negatif menggunakan akuades. Hasil: Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik KruskallWallis sebagai pengganti uji statistik One way ANOVA karena tidak berdistribusi normal. Hal ini menunjukkan pvalue < 0,05 yang menunjukkan penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri Prevotella intermedia terhadap beberapakonsentrasi yang diuji. KHM terjadi pada konsentrasi 3,125% dan KBM pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Kesimpulan:Ekstrak etanol buah asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) memiliki efek sebahai antibakteri terhadap Prevotellaintermedia dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 3,125% dan KBM pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Kata Kunci: Asam Jawa, Antibakteri, Dilusi, Periodontitis, Prevotella intermedia
Cytotoxicity test of apple cider vinegar as a root canal irrigant against fibroblast cells Sylvia Bunga Lesmana; Rudy Djuanda; Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 9, No 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.9.2.158-167

Abstract

Background: Apple cider vinegar potentially can be used as an alternative to irrigation solutions because of its antibacterial compounds that can inhibit Enterococcus faecalis, a pioneer bacteria that cause root canal treatment failure. One of the ideal irrigation solution requirements is that it isn’t toxic to oral cavity tissues, so it’s necessary to run a cytotoxicity test on apple vinegar solution. Cytotoxicity test is the initial part of the evaluation of a dental material before it can be used by humans. Cytotoxicity test was performed on fibroblast cells because the irrigation solution can contact with fibroblast, which are the main cells in the periodontal ligament around the apical. The purpose of this study was to analyze the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of ACV on fibroblast cells.Method: Apple vinegar with concentrations of 0.31%, 0.63%, 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% was tested using the MTS assay method.Result: The results showed that there was a cytotoxicity effect of apple vinegar solution as a root canal irrigation agent against fibroblasts cell. Apple cider vinegar with concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% are potentially toxic because the percentage of cell viability is less than 70%.Conclusion: There is a cytotoxicity effect of apple cider vinegar solution as a root canal irrigant on fibroblast cells
Co-Authors Akane Kitayama Anindhita Cindy Felicia Bernadete Marcelianta Cantika Br. Tarigan Calvin Kurnia Calvin Kurnia Djuanda, Rudy Edward Josse Viando Fatta Wijaya Gracia Yodianvi Pratiwi Harunai Kamoda Henry Yonatan Mandalas Jeffrey Jeffrey Natallia Pranata Natallia Pranata Oweny VJ Magno Neves Sari Aliyani Shelly Lelyana Sylvia Bunga Lesmana Velia Agatha Winny Suwindere