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PENGARUH LAMA PEMASAKAN BIJI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KEMIRI Erra Yusnita; B Wiyono; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 1 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.1.1-8

Kemiri (Aleuritus mollucana Willd) plants are widely distributed in the tropical and sub tropical regions. Meanwhile, kemiri plant grows vastly almost anywhere in Indonesia. Kemiri nut meg can be used not only as food-seasoning, ingredients but also as a traditional medicine. The kernel portion of kemiri nut has high nutrition and energy (calorific) values, and so does its oil. The nut, is the meat part after removing the kemiri thell, could is further produced oil after having undergone certains extractions process.Kemiri nut oil has such specific characteristics that being easily dried under open air. Therefore, this oil can be used as volatilizing agent in the manufactures of paint and varnish.In addition, the properties of kemiri nut oil are affected by its extraction methods and quality of its raw material (kemiri nut). In this regard, the study is conducted to learn the effect of cooking duration on the yield and physico-chemical propertiesof the resulting oil. The aim of this study is to find out the optimal cooking duration capable of producing oil with satisfactory qualities.The results reveal that increase in the cooking duration are affected significantly the yield, specific gravity, light transmittion, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and iod number of the oil. Cooking duration for 30 minutes turned out to give optimum condition with respect to oil properties, i.e. yield at 49,94%, iod number = 158.657; FFA = 1.1399; specific gravity = 0.9211, and transmittion = 70.43.Keywords : yield, physico-chemical properties, cooking duration.

PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI BIOMAS UNTUK PEMURNI MINYAK KELAPA Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 2 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.2.133-136

Steam activation char of wood, bamboo, and coconut shell to produce activated charcoal were carried out in a labora- tory scale electric heated retort.The treatment conditions applied for activation were temperature of 700°C, steam flow rate of 30 g/minute and reaction time 15 minutes. The activated charcoals produced from the experiment were respectively used for refining the samples of low grade commercial coconut oil obtained from the market.The results showed that all of the activated charcoal produced can increase the quality of coconut oil to meet requirements of the Indonesian Industrial Standard (Sll).

PEMBUATAN GLUKOSA DAN ALKOHOL DARI SAGU (Metroxylon spp.) Tjutju Nurhayati Syahri; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 2 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.2.93-96

A study for production of glucose and alcohol from sago (Metroxylon Spp) was conducted on a laboratory scale in the Forest Product Research and Development Centre, Bogor.Treatment condition given for hydrolysis of sago in order to produce glucose was three levels of sulfuric acid (of 0.5 N; 0,75 N and 1.0 N) with three levels of temperature and pressure (of 250°F/15psi, 259°F/20psi, and 274oF/30psi).The reaction time for hydrolysis at each treatment combination were three levels (of 90 minutes, 120 minutes and 150 minutes). Glucose obtained from sago hydrolysis in this experiment was then fermented for producing alcohol by means of Sacharomyses cereuiciae enzym activity from yeast.The result showed that glucose yield during these experiment ranged from 42.8 to 77,6 percent. The maximum glucose yield is obtained from the 274°F/30psi treating condition and sulfuric acid concentration of 1.0 N within 120 minutes of hydrolysis time. Until 120 minutes of hydrolysis period the glucose yield tend to increase with the increasing treatment combination level. The results of glucose tends to decrease afterwards at hydrolysis period of 1.50 minutes.The highest alcohol yield is 14.2 percent and is obtained from fermentation of highest glucose yield of 77.6 percent. Based on the result of chromatographic analysis of alcohol revealed that alcohol produced is classified cu. ethanol (C2H50H)

ANALISIS KIMIA BATANG AREN (ARENGA PINNATA MERR) DARI JASINGA, BOGOR Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 6 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.6.353-359

Chemical analyses of Aren stem (Arenga pinnata Merr) from Jasinga, Bogor has been conducted at the Forest Products Research and Development Centre laboratory in Bogor. The analyses comprised of the determination of cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash and silica, calorific value, extractioes and the solubility in sodium hydroxide. These analyses were commonly conducted to determine basic characteristics and ultimate uses of wood.The average of the cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hydroxide and calorific value of the peripheral portion were consecutively as follow: 25,02%, 33,7%, 19,55%, 1,4 and 0,51%,6,65 % (in cold water), 10,06 % (in hot water), 3,86 % (in alcohol-benzene), 35,51 % in sodium hydroxide and 4406 kal/g. While for the central portion, the above analyses showed averages as follow : 44,82 %, 36,8 %, 16,57 %, 4,18 % and 1,32 %, 22,88 % (in cold water), 32, 74 % (in hot water), 4,82 % (in alcohol-benzene), 59,80 % in sodium hydroxide and 4035 kal/g. The extractive content of Aren stem ranked high in the characteristics and ultimate uses of wood classification.Based on chemical analyses, such as the cellulose content, lignin, peniosan and extractive content, the Aren stem from Jasinga, Bogor, appeared to be a poor materipl for pulp and paper industry.

PEMBUATAN ARANG RENDEMEN TINGGI DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN KILN DRUM Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.134 - 138

The aim of this research is to improve charcoal kiln and production techniques so that yield and quality can be optimazed with less capital operating cost.The kiln used in this experiment was made from a typical 200 litre oil drum with special design incorporating 12 holes of 13 mm in diameter in different elevations, at the base, 30 cm and 60 cm above the base. A short chimney of 30 cm height at the top with 10 cm in was also installed diameter.This report discusses the experimental procedures including raw material preparation, loading and operation of tedrum kiln. The yield all qualities of the charcoal produced are also discussed in this report. The results of this experiment showed that single Drum Kiln can produce high charcoal yield ranging from 33,8 % to 37,2 % and average of 35,7 %.A comparison of results with survey data shows that the quality of the coconut shell charcoal produced by the drum kiln method. conform favorably with the quality of charcoal being used for production of commercial activated carbon.

ANALISIS KIMIA 9 JENIS KAYU INDONESIA Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.130 - 133

This paper deals with a chemical analyses of nine species of wood obtained from industrial plantation forest. The analyses comprised of the determination of holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, pentosan, moisture content, ash content, silica content and the solubility in cold water, hot water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and ethanol benzene (1:2) extractives.The result shows that holocellulose content ranges from 57,80 - 66,34 percent, cellulose content from 42,23 - 54,91 percent, lignin from 23,75 - 32,42 percent, pentosan from 10,10 -19,23 percent, moisture content from 10,19 - 26,37 percent, ash content from 0,25 - 3,08 percent, silica content from 0,07 - 2,47 percent, solubility in cold water ranges from 0,11 - 7,20 percent, solubility in hot water from 2,62 - 9,25 percent, solubility in 1% NaOH from 10,72-19,65 percent and ethanol benzene ranges from 2,09 - 6,13 percent.

HASIL DESTILASI KERING KAYU DAN NILAI KALOR DARI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Rapid destructive distillation of 20 Industrial Forest Plantation Timber Species was carried out by using a retort equipped with electrical heating system. This retort was also connected to three condensors and two flask to catch and collect the distillate or condensed gas. The retort capacity was about 4 kg of wood.Treatment conditions given in these experiment were maximum heating temperature of 500°C and 5 hours distillation time.The product (charcoal, tar, pyroligneous liquor) of the destructive distillation of wood showed a wide variation in yield or composition depending on the wood species, age and growth location.This experimental condition produces charcoal yield varying from 21,38 - 38,00%, tar from 4.99 - 13.78% and pyroligneous liquor from 44.91 - 157.17%. Pyroligneous liquor product can be used as disinfectant, weed killer and deodorant. Tar product has a good prospect for wood preservative subtance and medicinal.The destructive distillation of wood under these experimental conditions produced brittle and light charcoal. On the contrarary, hard charcoal could be produced from slower pyrolisis process in a commercial scale.Proximate analyses of charcoal obtained from these experiments revealed that the quality IS suitable for both as raw material for commercial activated carbon and fuel.Calorific values of wood ranged from 4285 to 4994 kcal/kg and charcoal from 6746 to 7748 kcal/kg. Based on these calorific values, wood and charcoal of the 20 wood species observed are excellent material to be used as fuel.

EFISIENSI BEBERAPA JENIS TUNGKU KAYU BAKAR Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 1, No 3 (1984): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The Forest Product Research and Development Centre, Bogor, has constructed the Lorena, Singer and the Traditional fuelwood stoves to measured the efficiency of each type. The material used for the construction of the stoves are clay, sand, sawdust, red-bricks and water.The efficiency of each type is measured by using the stoves for cooking water to boiling point in an aluminium pan, where rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood is used as fuelwood.The stoves efficiency is expressed as the ratio between the effective heat the boiled water absorbs and the potensial heat produced by firewoods.The results of the observations and calculations of the efficiency of the respective types of firewood stoves indicated that the Lorena stove has the highest efficiency of 24.75%, followed by the Singer stove with 24.50%, and the traditional one, the least efficient is 18.64%. Compared with the tested traditional stove, the Lorena and the Singer stoves appear to have high efficiency which consumed 30% less of fuelwood.

PEMBUATAN GULA DAN ALKOHOL DARI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 5 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This article describes the experiment of sugar and alcohol contents from 3 wood species, i.e. jelutung (Dyera costulata, Hook. F), keruing (Dipterocarpus appendiculatus, Sheff) and durian (Durio excelsus, Bakb) by using hydrolysis and fermentation process. Treatment condition for hydrolysis were at 3 levels of sulfuric acid concentration which were 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively. The fermentation methods agent for producing alcohol from sugar of wood hydrolysis was the yeast of bread containing Saccharomyces cereviceae.The result of this experiment indicated that the yield of sugar ranges from 9.71 % - 11.89% with average of 1,06%. This average yield of sugar falls in the range of the sugar yield obtained from other researches which have range from 11-18%. The average alcohol yield obtained from sugar fermentation was 2.62%. This yield was lower compared with other experiment producing alcohol from wood abroad, i.e. 8 - 15%. The result showed that the yield of sugar is not affected by the wood species and low concentration of sulfuric acid treatment.

GASIFICATION OF CHARCOAL IN FLUIDIZED BED FOR MANUFACTURING ACTIVE CARBON Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 1 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Percobaan gasifikasi arang dalam fluidized bed untuk pembuatan arang aktif ini, dilakukan dalam rangka kerjasama penelitian ATA 251 Indonesia - Belgia yang diselenggarakan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan, Bogor.Aspek yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah kondisi pengolahan dengan maksud untuk mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan waktu reaksi aktivasi terhadap rendemen dan kualitas karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Kondisi perlakuan yang diberikan pada percobaan ini adalah temperatur aktivasi tiga tingkat (731°C, 767°C, 827°C) dengan masing-masing waktu reaksi lima tingkat (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 menit). Kondisi gasifikasi untuk aktivasi dibuat tetap yaitu laju alir uap 0,41 kg/jam dan nitrogen sekitar I,70 kg/jam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kondisi perlakuan yang diberikan dapat menghasilkan karbon aktif kualitas baik yang ditetapkan oleh daya serap terhadap jodium yaitu 510 sampai 1068 mg/g. Kualitas tersebut termasuk dalam standar perdagangan yang dibuat oleh "American Water Work Association" (AWWA) yaitu sebesar tidak kurang dari 500 mg/g.Kondisi optimum proses dicapai pada suhu 827°C dengan waktu reaksi 10 menit. Pada kondisi ini memberikan rendemen karbon aktif 61,7% dengan daya serap jodium 687 mg/g. Selanjutnya waktu reaksi optimum terhadap daya serap karbon aktif hasil untuk masing-masing perlakuan suhu reaksi kelihatannya sama yaitu sekitar 40 menit.Konsumsi uap optimum dalam percobaan ini adalah 3,7 kg untuk tiap kg karbon aktif hasil. Konsumsi uap yang diperlukan tersebut lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan uap untuk produksi karbon aktif skala komersial dengan cara kiln berputar di Jerman yang dilaporkan oleh Hormat (1952) yaitu 8 kg uap untuk 1 kg karbon aktif.

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