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STABILISASI DIMENSI PADA KAYU TANAMAN KARRI (EUCALYPTUS DIVERSICOLOR) DAN JARRAH (E. MARGINATA) BAGIAN I : ASETILASI Dimensional stabilization on regrowth karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor) and jarrah (E. Marginata) Part I : Acetylation Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 3 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Wood blocks of karri and jarrah measuring 10 mm (radial) x 25 mm (longitudinal) x 100 mm (tangential) were ovendried for 48 hours at 105°C prior to treatment. Acetylation was carried out in 250 ml- reactor vessels using a 25 % (v/v) solution of acetic anhydride in xylene. Three reaction times, i.e., 8, 16 and 24 hours were used for each wood type. Treatment results are expressed in terms of weight gain (VG) and volumetric gain (VG). The ability of treatment to restrict dimensional changes is expressed as anti swelling efficiency (ASE). Results showed that the weight and volume of both eucalypts specimens substantially increased after acety- lation. In all cases, karri specimens showed higher weight gain, volumetric gain and ASE than jarrah. The effectiveness of acetylation increased with increases in reaction time. Volumetric swelling reduction of more thaw 80% was found in the two regrowth eucalvots.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU HASIL PENJARANGAN DARI HUTAN TANAMAN (HTI) UNTUK PEMBUATAN PRODUK INTERIOR Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 4 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Regrowth forests in Indonesia have eesentially been developed since several centuries ago particularly in Java for the luxury timber species such as teak (Tectona grandis), rasamala (Altingia excelsea), Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia), mahoni (Swietenia spp.), etc. In this system the young plantation always have surplus trees which are likely to cause overcrowding and furthermore reducing the growth of bigger trees. Accordingly, at certain ages (depending on species, site class, etc.) the surplus trees are thinned out regularly throughout the planting cycle to achieve a maximum timber yield. Each thinning will produce a plenty of small-sized logs which are generally considered too small for sawmills or plymills. Such logs are commonly used for firewood or other low value products, or even left to rot in the forest floor.This study investigated a technical possibility of turning the waste wood into useful interior products, such as table top, furniture blanks, window and door frames, etc. Thinned logs of two wood species, tusam (Pinus merkusii) and damar (Agathis lorantifolia) collected from a government company plantation in West Java were used in this study. Procedures of saving logs into boards, drying and further machining processes were basically undertaken according to the convetional practices. Furniture blanks, table tops and large planks were manufactured by side-jointing and or laminating thin boards with a simple clamping procedures. Polyvinyl acetate and resorcinol formaldehyde adhesives were uesd for constructing blanks and planks respectively. The results revealed thar interior products made up from the thinned logs possessed a comparable characteristics to those made from mature timbers. Table tops and blanks built from three layers of laminates gave a better concictency in shape and straightness than the one layer side joint panels.

PENGARUH PENGERJAAN AKHIR TERHADAP STABILITAS DlMENSI KAYU Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 4 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This study was designed to determine the ability of six commercial exterior finishes (2 clear coats and 4 opaque coats) in protecting wood from dimensional changes. Two wood species, jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) and mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) were used in this study. Samples were seasoned to air-dry condition (moisture content of 15-17%)and then divided into groups on the basis of treatments and groin orientation (radial and tangential). Application of each exterior finish was undertaken according to procedures suggested by the finish manufacturer. The effectiveness of treatments to dimensionally stabilize wood was determined by measurements of wood swelling within 72-hours immersion and calculation of a.:d-.swelling efficiency (ASE). Results of observations made to this stage showed that the effect of finishing on wood dimensional stability varied according to wood species, grain orientation and type of finish coat. Finishing had a greater dimensional stabilizing effect on Jabon than mangium. Reduction of swelling due to finishing was greater in tangential compared to radial boards. The use of clear coats significantly gave less protection on wood stability than that of opaque coats. Anti-swelling efficiency of all treatments markedly decreased with increasing period of immersion.

SIFAT PEMESINAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU DARI DAERAH KALIMANTAN BARAT DAN JAWA BARAT Osly Rachman; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Machining properties of 16 wood species from West Kalimantan and West Java has been identified using the modified ASTM D-1666 which was described in the Forest Products Research Institute Report No. 160 (1982). The samples (25 pieces/species) were dried to equilibrium moisture content condition (15 to 18% of MC). The machining properties tested are planing, shaping, boring, turning and sanding.Seven species that have good to very good machining properties are kenari I, kenari II, kemayau, belangeran, ki sampang, ki endog and surian bawang. The best machining properties, however, were found on johar, gadog and putat. Whereas the other species are good or very good in some properties and fair or even poor in others,

SIFAT PEMESINAN BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU ASAL IRIAN JAYA Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 3 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Nine wood species collected from Sarong, Iriarn Jayo, were observed for their machining properties. Sawing characteristics (feed speed and surface smoothness) of each species were observed to determine its cutting-ability. Other machining properties (planing, shaping, boring. turning and sanding) were determined according to the modifled ASTM D-1666 method as festly described in the Forest Products Research Institute Report No. 160 (1982). Planing and shaping of samples were observed in wet condition (above EMC) and again after air-drying, whereas the remaining properties were observed only at air-dry condition.Results showed that most of the species couid be sawn fairly easily, and indicaud a variation in cutting surface qualjty, ranging from rough to smooth. One species, i.e., goh (T.richadenia phiilippinensis) was quite difficult to saw for its irregular (partly nterlocked) grain orientation and very high density. Testing of wood samples in wet condition produced a satisfactory planing and shaping quality for most wood species. However, testing at air-dry condition significantly revealed a better machining quality. Based on the machining characteristics observed on the nine wood species from Sorong, it is recommendable to use the timbers for woodworking purposes.

PENGARUH KECANGGIHAN MESIN TERHADAP AKURASI UKURAN KAYU GERGAJIAN Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 5 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This study was carried out at a sawmill in Lampung, Sumatera. The sawmill had two unit of band-headrigs with different type of machines, namely a conventional mill and a modern one. The design of the modern mill is more sophis- ticated in characteristics as figured in Table 1. Accuracy of sawn timber was determined by comparison between actual size and target size of the lumber thickness. The data were collected from measurement of 1OO pieces of lumber selected randomly from each mill production.The result showed that the machine sophistication has a significant effect on sawn timber size accuracy. The more sophisticated machine can give more than 10% benefit of sawn timber production compared to the conventional one. The level of sawing accuracy on conventional mill is 88.15%, whereas the modern mill could reach 98.29%.

PENGARUH PENGERJAAN AKHIR TERHADAP STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 2 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This study was designed to determine the ability of six commercial exterior finishes (2 clear coats and 4 opaque coats) in protecting wood from dimensional changes. Two wood species, jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) and mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) were used in this study. Samples were seasoned to air-dry condition (moisture content of 15-17%) and then divided into groups on the basis of treatments and grain orientation (radial and tangential). Application of each exterior finish was undertaken according to procedures suggested by the finish manufacturer. The effectiveness of treatments to dimensionally stabilize wood was determined by measurements of wood swelling within 72-hours immersion and calculation of anti-swelling efficiency (ASE). Results of observations made to this stage showed that the effect of finishing on wood dimensional stability varied according to wood species, grain orientation and type offinish coat. Finishing had a greater dimensional stabilizing effect on jabon than mangium. Reduction of swelling due to finishing was greater in tangential compared to radial boards. The use of clear coats significantly gave less protection on wood stability than that of opaque coats. Anti-swelling efficiency of all treatments markedly decreased with increasing period of immersion.

KUALITAS KAYU LAMINASI DENGAN PEREKAT TANIN DARI EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU MAHONI Adi Santoso; Efrida Basri; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 38, No 3 (2020): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2020.38.3.151-160

Komponen kimia polifenol produk ekstraksi dari kayu mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) dengan kopolimerisasi resorsinol dan formaldehida dalam kondisi basa, menghasilkan resin yang dapat digunakan sebagai perekat. Tulisan ini menyajikan penggunaan kopolimer tanin dari ekstrak kulit kayu mahoni sebagai perekat kayu laminasi. Metode penelitian mencakup formulasi dan pengujian sifat fisiko-kimia perekat, pembuatan dan pengujian kualitas produk perekatan, dan analisis data. Perlakuan yang dikenakan dalam penelitian ini berupa perbedaan formula perekat, jenis kayu yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku, dan jenis produk yang dibuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk kopolimerisasi tanin ekstrak dari kulit kayu mahoni dapat digunakan sebagai perekat dalam pembuatan kayu laminasi barupa balok (glulam) dan papan lamina (laminated board) dari tiga jenis kayu, yaitu: tusam (Pinus merkusii), jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba), dan sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Kualitas perekatan dan sifat mekanik kedua jenis produk tersebut sebanding dengan produk sejenis berperekat impor serta tergolong tipe eksterior rendah emisi formaldehida katagori F** atau F***, dengan formula perekat T:R:F = (1:0,025:0,1)%, dan T:K:F = (1:0,03:0,1)%.

SIFAT PEMESINAN JENIS KAYU JAWA BARAT Osly Rachman; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 4, No 3 (1987): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This paper presents the result of test on machining properties of 28 wood species from Bogor and Sukabumi, West Java. The test method used was the modified ASTM D-1666 described in the Forest Products Research Institut Report No. 160 (1982). The samples (25 pieces/species) were dried to equilibrium moisture content condition (15 to 18%). The machining properties investigated were planning, shaping, boring, mortising, turning and sanding.The species that have good or very good machining properties are kobari, pasang jambe, pasang beureum, mahoni daun lebar, pentadesma, cloropora, eucalyptus, meranti batu, pinus I, mahoni, mahagoni and pinus III. Species such as kelumpang, entorolobium and cecropia are consistenlly poorer. The other species are good in some properties and fair or poor in others.

KARAKTERISTIK PENGGERGAJIAN DAN PEMESINAN KAYU AREN (ARENGA PINNATA) Osly Rachman; Dede Rohadi; Jamal Balfas
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 3 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.3.145-151

This paper discuses the results of study on the sawing and machining characteristics of aren wood (Arenga pinnata). The material used in this study consisted of 26 logs with diameter ranging from 23 cm to 42 cm. These logs were sawn using two cutting patterns, namely live sawing and round sawing. The parameters observed in the sawing procees comprised recovery, productivity and power consumption. .The result of statistical analysis reveals non significant differences of the effect of the two cutting patterns on sawing recovery and sawing productivity. On the other hand, the location of bolt within the stem does not seem to have significant effect on power consumption. The average values of recovery, sawing productivity and power consumption of Aren stem are respectively 13,48%, 6,09 m3/hour and 64,92 watt sec./cm2.The machining characteristic of aren wood was tested in accordance with the modified ASTM D- 1666 (64).The material for the test consisted of 25 samples for each machining property tested (planing, shaping, turning, boring and sanding). The result shows that aren wood has good to very good machining characteristic especially in planing, shaping, boring and sanding.

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