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All Journal DE JURE Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum JURISDICTIE Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah
Dwi Fidhayanti
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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PELAKSANAAN AKAD TABARRU ’ PADA ASURANSI SYARIAH (Studi di Takaful Indonesia Cabang Malang) Fidhayanti, Dwi
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah JURISDICTIE (Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v0i0.2179

Abstract

This study aims at analyzing tabarru’ concept based on The Sharia National Council of Fatwa No.53/ DSN-MUI/III/2006 in Islamic Insurance and Islamic Reinsurance. Research method which is applied in this research is qualitative research and data are collected through interviews and documentation. Data are analyzed by descriptive method. The results shows that the implementation of the tabarru’ agreement in Takaful Indonesia has been accordance with a Sharia National Council of fatwa about tabarru’ agreement in Islamic Insurance and Islamic Reinsurance. However, there is a gap of tabarru’ agreement between theory and reality contained in the Takaful Indonesia, namely the existence of a refund system contributions (tabarru’ funds and ujrah) that have been given when it unilaterally terminated the agreement by the participants before the period of the agreement runs out. It should not be practiced because tabarru’ agreement is similar with the grant.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep tabarru’berdasarkan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.53/DSN-MUI/III/2006  pada  Asuransi  Syariah  dan  Reasuransi  Syariah.  Metode  penelitiannya yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode analisis data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan akad tabarru’ pada Takaful Indonesia sesuai dengan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional tentang Akad Tabarru’ pada Asuransi Syariah dan Reasuransi Syariah. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan mengenai akad tabarru’ antara teori dengan realita yang terdapat pada Takaful Indonesia, yaitu mengenai adanya sistem pengembalian dana kontribusi (dana tabarru’ dan ujrah) yang telah diberikan ketika perjanjian diputus secara sepihak oleh peserta sebelum periode perjanjian habis, seharusnya hal ini tidak boleh dilakukan karena Akad Tabarru’ sama dengan hibah.  
KEKUATAN MENGIKAT PERJANJIAN DI BAWAH TANGAN DALAM PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH Fidhayanti, Dwi
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Jurisdictie: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v7i3.4332

Abstract

Deed by hand is prepared by parties in a contract personally, and not in the presence of a notary or other official (eg Camat as Land Acquisition Officer) making it difficult to provide legal certainty. The focus of the study in this study, the arrangement of agreements under the hands of the Bank Syariah financing agreement as well as its binding strength. This study is a normative study by examining the juridical construction of the arrangement of agreements under the hand in the financing agreement of Bank Syariah. Bank Syariah financing agreements in Indonesia are based on the Civil Code. This part of the response to the development of new forms in transactions. Agreements which have strong evidentiary power shall be made in writing / Deed. Deed under the hand set forth in articles 1874 - 1984 Civil Code. As long as the parties commit an act of contract law in accordance with the terms of the validity of the agreement (article 1320 Civil Code), then the agreement has a binding legal force as the principle of pact sunt servanda. In QS. Al-Baqarah: 282 requires the recording in carrying accounts payable (financing). The power of binding a covenant either in the form of an authentic deed or deed under the hands of Islamic law is contained in the Qur’an. Al-Maidah: 1 and QS Al-Isra: 34.
PERJANJIAN BAKU MENURUT PRINSIP SYARIAH (Tinjauan Yuridis Praktik Pembiayaan di Perbankan Syariah) Fidhayanti, Dwi
De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syari'ah Vol 6, No 2: Desember 2014
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (422.611 KB) | DOI: 10.18860/j-fsh.v6i2.3206

Abstract

Nowadays many economic transactions conducted through the bank. In Indonesia, the banks can be divided into two, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks. The development of financing in Islamic banks illustrates that this product enjoyed by many people. To that end, the Islamic banking is necessary to a healthy financial services and in accordance with Islamic principles. This paper aims to assess How raw agreement according to Islamic principles and what the legal consequences of raw agreement on financing in Islamic banking for the parties. This paper uses the type of normative research to conduct legal interpretation of the material to obtain a solution to the problem. Results and discussion shows that raw raw agreement has been made legally, but do not pay attention to one of the Islamic principles set out in the acceptance of products and product distribution of funds in Islamic banking, the balance (tawâzun). Standard contract after an analysis according to Islamic principles, including the damaged or imperfect agreement because the agreement has been made legally, but there is one principle which is not fulfilled then make the agreement unenforceable. imperfect agreement did not result in legal consequences for the parties
PENYALAHGUNAAN KEADAAN (MISBRUIK VAN OMSTANDIGHEDEN) SEBAGAI LARANGAN DALAM PERJANJIAN SYARIAH Fidhayanti, Dwi
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Jurisdictie: Vol. 9, No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v9i2.5076

Abstract

The principle of freedom of contract may cause problems in the form of an indication of misuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden) in the agreement. Misuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden) occurs when a person in a covenant is influenced by something that prevents him from making a judgment free from the other so that he can not take an independent decision. This research uses normative research with a legislative approach. invitations and conceptual approaches. Legal material is obtained through literature study and analyzed by legal interpretation method. The results of the study and discussion show that the concept of misuse of state (misbruik van omstandigheden) in the agreement is included in a covenant with a defective will. One party who has a strong position to suppress and even threaten against parties who have a weaker position so Bargaining position is not balanced. Persons who have a weak position are not given the freedom to give their opinion on the contents of the agreement. Sharia treaties that contain elements of abuse of the circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheiden or undue influence) are included in the forbidden agreement, called ikrah. To do slander is to do wrongdoing. As a result of the law, the agreement becomes null and void.Asas kebebasan berkontrak dapat menimbulkan permasalahan berupa adanya indikasi penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) dalam perjanjian. Penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) terjadi manakala seseorang di dalam suatu perjanjian dipengaruhi oleh suatu hal yang menghalanginya untuk melakukan penilaian (judgement) yang bebas dari pihak lainnya, sehingga ia tidak dapat mengambil putusan yang independen.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif  dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum didapatkan melalui studi pustaka dan dianalisis dengan metode intepretasi hukum. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa konsep penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheden) dalam perjanjian termasuk dalam perjanjian yang cacat kehendak. Salah satu pihak yang mempunyai posisi kuat untuk menekan bahkan mengancam terhadap pihak yang mempunyai posisi lebih lemah sehingga Bargaining position tidak seimbang. Pihak yang punya posisi lemah tidak diberikan kebebasan untuk memberikan pendapatnya atas isi perjanjian. Perjanjian syariah yang mengandung unsur penyalahgunaan keadaan (misbruik van omstandigheiden atau undue influence) termasuk pada perjanjian yang dilarang, yang disebut dengan ikrah. Berbuat Ikrah berarti berbuat zalim. Akibat hukumnya, yaitu perjanjian tersebut menjadi batal demi hukum.
PENGAWASAN BANK INDONESIA ATAS KERAHASIAAN DAN KEAMANAN DATA/INFORMASI KONSUMEN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY PADA SEKTOR MOBILE PAYMENT Fidhayanti, Dwi
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 11, No 1 (2020): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v11i1.5829

Abstract

Widespread use of Internet and smartphones in Indonesia triggers fintech transactions. Law Number 11 Year 2008 concearning Information and Electronic Transactions Article 26 Paragraph (1) explains that unless otherwise stipulated by statutory regulations, the use of any information through electronic media concerning a personal’s data must be carried out with the concent of the person concerned. However, it is prone to crime by breaking into the security systems of fintech. This study aims to determine the regulation of consumer data confidentiality and security of financial technology in the mobile payment sector and Bank Indonesia’s supervision on that matter. This is a normative study with legislative and conceptual approaches. Regulation on the Consumer Data/Information Confidentiality and Security of Financial Technology in Mobile Payment Sector is made by authorized institutions i.e. Bank Indonesia as regulators and supervisors in payment system and OJK (Financial Services Authority) in managing fintech categorized as non-bank institutions. Bank Indonesia has issued Regulation Number 7/6/PBI/2005 concerning provisions on Information Transparency of Bank Product and the Use of Customer’s Personal Data. Meanwhile, OJK manages data security based on Article 2 Letter d of the OJK Regulation Number 1/POJK.07/2013 concerning Consumer Protection of Financial Services Sector. Bank Indonesia supervises directly through Bank Indonesia Fintech office by holding “meet the start up” to consult and share about fintech. Policy wise, Bank Indonesia issued regulation concerning payment transaction processing, APU/PPT for non-banks, Bank Indonesia Regulations on Fintech and Regulatory Sandboxes and regulations on National Payment Gateway (NPG).Meluasnya penggunaan Internet dan smartphone di Indonesia membuat tingginya transaksi fintech. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 26 ayat (1) menjelaskan bahwa kecuali ditentukan lain oleh Peraturan perundang-undangan, penggunaan setiap informasi melalui media elektronik yang menyangkut data pribadi seseorang harus dilakukan atas persetujuan orang yang bersangkutan. Namun, penggunaan teknologi rentan terhadap kejahatan dengan membobol sistem keamanan fintech. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan atas kerahasiaan dan keamanan data konsumen pada sektor mobile payment dan pengawasan Bank Indonesia atas hal tersebut. Penelitian ini normatif dengan pendekatan perUndang-Undangan dan konseptual. Pengaturan atas Kerahasiaan dan Keamanan Data/Informasi Konsumen Financial Technology pada Sektor Mobile Payment dilakukan oleh lembaga berwenang; Bank Indonesia sebagai pengatur dan pengawas sistem pembayaran dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam pengaturan fintech yang dikategorikan sebagai lembaga non bank. Bank Indonesia mengeluarkan aturan Nomor 7/6/PBI/2005 Tentang Ketentuan Transparasi Informasi Produk Bank dan Penggunaan Data Pribadi Nasabah. Sedangkan, OJK mengatur keamanan data konsumen pada pasal 2 Huruf d Peraturan OJK Nomor 1/POJK.07/2013 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Bank Indonesia mengawas secara langsung melalui Bank Indonesia Fintech office dengan kegiatan meet the start up untuk melakukan konsultasi dan berbagi tentang fintech. Dalam hal kebijakan, Bank Indonesia mengeluarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang pemrosesan transaksi pembayaran, Regulasi APU/PPT untuk non Bank, Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentang Teknologi Finansial dan Regulatory Sandbox dan peraturan tentang National Payment Gateway (NPG).
LEGAL POSITION OF FIDUCIARY DEEDS IN A MURABAHA CONTRACT FOLLOWING THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 18/PUU-XVII/2019 ON DEFAULT AGREEMENT BY CREDITORS AND DEBTORS Arifah, Risma Nur; Fidhayanti, Dwi
Jurisdictie: Jurnal Hukum dan Syariah Vol 12, No 2 (2021): Jurisdictie
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/j.v12i2.12570

Abstract

This normative research aims at analyzing the legal position of fiduciary deeds in murabaha contract following the decision of Indonesian Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XVII/2019 on default agreement between creditors and debtors. The study applied conceptual and statute approaches. The results reveal that the fiduciary deed position after the mentioned decision is about the existing agreement carried out as it should. While for the fiduciary deed implemented after the decision exists, there must be a default agreement as a form of the decision’s implementation and anticipation if in the future the debtor does not voluntarily turn in the fiduciary object. Efforts to draw up an agreement on the clause of default in a fiduciary deed with murabaha financing in Islamic banking is part of preventive legal protection. Legal protection is an effort made by law enforcement to protect the rights of legal subjects. Default may not be declared unilaterally by the creditor. Execution of court decisions that have legal force must still be carried out, if at the beginning, there is no agreement regarding a breach of contract and when there is a default but the debtor refused to voluntarily submit the collateral.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan hukum fidusia dalam akad murabahah pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 tentang wanprestasi antara kreditur dan debitur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan akta fidusia setelah putusan tersebut tentang perjanjian yang ada dilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya. Selanjutnya, untuk akta fidusia yang dilaksanakan setelah putusan ada, harus ada kesepakatan wanprestasi sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan putusan dan antisipasi jika di kemudian hari debitur tidak menyerahkan benda fidusia secara sukarela. Upaya penyusunan kesepakatan klausula wanprestasi dalam akta fidusia dengan pembiayaan murabahah di perbankan syariah merupakan bagian dari perlindungan hukum preventif. Perlindungan hukum merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh penegak hukum untuk melindungi hak-hak subyek hukum. Wanprestasi tidak dapat dinyatakan secara sepihak oleh kreditur. Eksekusi putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap harus dilaksanakan apabila belum ada kesepakatan mengenai wanprestasi di awal. Hal ini juga berlaku apabila terjadi wanprestasi, tetapi debitur menolak untuk menyerahkan agunan secara sukarela.
KEABSHAN KLAUSULA PENGALIHAN RISIKO PADA NASABAH DALAM PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH Dwi Fidhayanti
Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Magister Ilmu Hukum dan Kenotariatan, 2014
Publisher : Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (630.665 KB)

Abstract

Abstract In order to ensure legal certainty and legal protection, financing murabaha transaction is poured into the form of the agreement. However, the agreement is misused by businesses to benefit as much as possible by means of risk transfer clauses included in the Customer. This study aims to examine and analyze the validity and legal effect arising from the inclusion of a clause in the transfer of risk to the Customer murabaha financing agreement. The method used is a normative study with two approaches, namely the regulatory approach (statue approach) and the approach of the concept (conceptual approach). The results showed that the transfer of risk to the customer clause in murabaha financing agreement under positive law which consists of Islamic law, Law No. 8 of 1998 on Consumer Protection and legal terms of the agreement is null and void and the bearer of responsibility for risk is different from the third law The. Legal consequences, namely murabaha financing agreement is considered not to have been born since the beginning so it does not have the force of law and can not be used as the basis for the transfer of property rights. The governing law of murabaha financing agreement based on the principle of lex specialis derogat lex generalis. Civil Code as lex generalis and Islamic law as the lex. Meanwhile, Law No. 8 of 1998 on Consumer Protection aims to set the standard contract. Key words: Validity, Transfer of Risk Clause, Murabaha Financing Agreement Abstrak Untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum, transaksi pembiayaan murabahah dituangkan ke dalam bentuk perjanjian. Namun, perjanjian tersebut disalahgunakan oleh pelaku usaha untuk meraih keuntungan sebanyak-banyaknya dengan cara mencantumkan klausula pengalihan risiko pada Nasabah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis keabsahan dan akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan dari dicantumkannya klausula pengalihan risiko pada Nasabah dalam perjanjian pembiayaan Murabahah.Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dengan dua pendekatan, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa klausula pengalihan risiko pada Nasabah dalam perjanjian pembiayaan murabahah menurut hukum positif yang terdiri dari hukum Islam, UU No.8 Tahun 1998 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan dari segi hukum perjanjian adalah batal demi hukum dan pemikul tanggung jawab atas risiko tersebut adalah Bank. Akibat hukumnya, yaitu perjanjian pembiayaan murabahah dianggap tidak pernah dilahirkan sejak awal sehingga tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum dan tidak dapat dijadikan dasar untuk memindahkan hak milik.Hukum yang berlaku atas perjanjian pembiayaan murabahah berdasarkan pada asas Lex specialis derogat lex generalis.KUH Perdata sebagai lex generalis dan Hukum Islam sebagai lex specialis. Sedangkan, UU No.8 Tahun 1998 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen bertujuan untuk mengatur perjanjian baku. Kata kunci: Keabsahan, Klausula Pengalihan Risiko, Perjanjian Pembiayaan Murabahah
Co-Authors Risma Nur Arifah