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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science International Journal of Applied Biology
Mohd Rafii Yusop
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Energy Environmental Science

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INCREASING YIELD OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RICE BLAST CULTIVARS USING SILICON FERTILIZATION NurulNahar Esa; Adam Puteh; Mazidah Mat; Roslan Ismail; Mohd Rafii Yusop
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 21, No 2 (2020): DECEMBER 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v21n2.2020.p49-58

Abstract

Rice blast is one of the most critical limiting factors for rice plant growth performance. Silicon has been shown to have positive effects in controlling several plant diseases. The study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon levels on rice yield, silicon content, and panicle blast in rice plants. The study was set up as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment with three replications and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first factors were two rice cultivars, MARDI Siraj 297 (resistant) and MR 263 (susceptible). The second factors were five levels of calcium silicate (0 g, 4 g, 8 g, 12 g, and 16 g) applied to 40 kg soil per pot. The standard fertilizers, i.e., N, P2 O5, and K2 O, were applied four times at the recommended dosage. High virulent of Pyricularia oryzae conidia (4 x 104 conidia ml-1) was sprayed using a hand sprayer (30 ml pot-1) at the time of fully completed panicle development (65 days after planting). Observed parameters were plant growth (height and culm length), yields (spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and harvest index), panicle blast severity, and silica content in leaf, stem, and panicle. The results showed that silicon application reduced panicle blast severity, leading to higher yield per plant. The increase of the rice yield was a result of a significant increae in panicle per m2 , spikelet per m2 , and percentage of filled grain. Panicle blast greatly affected the performance of spikelet number per m2 , percentage of filled grain, grain weight, and yield per plant for the susceptible cultivar. Application of calcium silicate 10 g 40 kg-1 soil per pot at panicle initiation is recommended to reduce panicle blast severity hereby improve grain yield.
A review on gene pyramiding of agronomic, biotic and abiotic traits in rice variety development Ibrahim Silas Akos; Mohd Rafii Yusop; Mohd Razi Ismail; Shairul Izan Ramlee; Norazyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin; Asfaliza Binti Ramli; Bello Sani Haliru; Muhammad Ismai'la; Samuel Chibuike Chukwu
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 3 No. 2 (2019): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v3i2.7818

Abstract

Rice Oryza sativa L is a staple food crop, and its seeds are the most important component part of the agronomic trait of the cereal crop, rich in nutrient and of economic value to human and even livestock. But, it is often threatened by various abiotic and biotic conditions that reduce the yield, because of high incidences of infectious disease agents and non-pathogenic conditions respectively. Pyramiding of the requisite resistance and tolerance genes into single elite high yielding variety of rice, confers wider spectrum of stress management, resulting to development of single multiline variety of rice. Marker-assisted selection utilizes DNA marker-linked primers for blast resistant gene (RM8225;Piz, RM6836;Piz, Pi2,Pi9), bacteria leaf blight (RM224; Xa-4, RM122;xa-5, RG136; xa-13, RM21;Xa-21) and drought tolerance (RM236;qDTY2.2, RM520;qDTY3.1, RM511;qDTY12.1) in pedigree, backcross and recurrent selection breeding methods. The objectives are to create awareness on the environmental safety of host-resistance, significance of single multiline resistance variety, effect of the interaction of stress conditions and associated simple sequence repeat (SSR) linked markers.
Co-Authors Adam Puteh Asfaliza Binti Ramli Bello Sani Haliru Ibrahim Silas Akos Mazidah Mat Mohd Razi Ismail Muhammad Ismai'la Norazyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin NurulNahar Esa Roslan Ismail Samuel Chibuike Chukwu Shairul Izan Ramlee