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MARKUS ANDA
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Association of Soil Minerals and Organic Matter and Their Impact on pH Value MARKUS ANDA
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jsdl.v2n1.2008.%p

Abstract

Clay and organic colloids are two factors that control major, if not all, chemical, physical and biological processes and soil properties but maintaining soil organic matter content under tropical conditions is difficult. The objectives of this review are to explore association between minerals and organic substances, mechanisms underlying the stabilization of soil organic matter, and their implication on pH0 of soil variable charge component. The modes of interaction in clay-humus complexes may occur through anion and ligand exchange to the crystal edges, cation or water bridge to basal surfaces, H-bonding to the siloxane or gibbsite sheetby van der Waals forces attraction (physical bonds), entrapment in crystal pores and intradomain regions, and adsorption in interlayer spaces. Organic matter preservation was related to amount of clay fraction, type of clay mineral present and aggregate formation. High preservation occurs in soils having high clay content, the presence of 2:1 minerals and amorphous minerals (allophane and imogolite), and a larger aggregate size. Current knowledge indicates that the mechanisms of soil organic matterstabilization are: (i) chemical recalcitrance involves elemental composition, the presence of functional groups, and molecular conformation of organic substances against decomposition by microbes and enzymes; (ii) chemical stabilization occurs through adsorption of functional groups to clay mineral surfaces and amorphous sesquioxides; (iii) physical protection involves organic substances being protected by clay fractions in soil pores, especially mesopres (2-50 nm) that limits the accessibility of microbes andenzymes. Soil organic matter is powerful in masking reactive mineral surfaces and generating soil negative charge, which is revealedby the low value of pH.
Point of Zero Charge Determination and the Inluence of P, Basic Slag, Organic Matter and Lime Applications on Colloidal Charge and Quality of Oxisols MARKUS ANDA; ANTONIUS KASNO; WIWIK HARTATIK; . SULAEMAN; J. SRI ADININGSIH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 19 (2001): Desember 2001
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n19.2001.%p

Abstract

The colloidal charge manipulation of highly weathered soils using point of zero charge (PZC or pHo) approach is important in improving soil chemical properties. The objective of this study was to determine the PZC and manipulate colloidal charge surfaces of Oxisols in order to increase their quality. PZC was determined by adjusting pH values from 3 to 7 using potentiometric titration. The change of colloidal surface charges was measured using two extractants; NH4-acetat pH 7 and NH4Cl. A glass house experiment was carried out using 4.5 kg soil/pot. Soil was taken from Sonay, South East Sulawesi and from Sitiung, West Sumatra. Soil was taken from surface layer (0-20 cm) and subsurface layer (20-40 cm) for each location. Four factors consisted of P fertilizer, basic slag, organic matter and lime were used to manipulate colloidal surface charge. The treatment rates were 100, 200 and 400 ppm P for P fertilizer; 2, 4 and 8 t/ha for basic slag; 10, 20 and 40 t/ha for organic matter; 1.5, 3 and 6 t/ha for lime, and a complete control. All 13 treatments with three replications, were arranged using a randomized complete block design in which each layer of two Oxisols is used as a block. The results showed that values of PZC for a surface layer of Sonay Oxisol (OSY) and for surface and subsurface layers of Sitiung Oxisol (OSG) are similar, i.e, pHo was 3.5. In addition, the PZC value for the subsurface layer of OSY occurs at pH 5 which is the highest pHo value compared to three other layers. The PZC value of OSY, at a surface layer is higher than its soil pH value (5.0 vs 4.4) suggesting that colloidal surfaces bear a positive charge. In contrast, the PZC values for the surface layer of OSY and surface and subsurface layers of OSG were lower than their soil pH values, indicating the colloidal surfaces bear a negative charge. Application of P, basic slag, organic matter, and lime was able to manipulate colloidal charge surfaces having positive charges become negative and that the low negative charge of colloidal surfaces become more negative as evidenced from the increase cation exchange capacity (measured in NH4Cl) compared to a control treatment. Application of P, basic slag,organic matter, and lime could increased quality of Oxisols as shown by decreasing K leaching and by increased soybean yields, which drastically increased compared to a control treatment.
Development of Soils Derived from Weathered Sedimentary, Granitic and Ultrabasic Rocks in South Kalimantan Province: I. Mineralogical Composition and Chemical Properties MARKUS ANDA; NATA SUHARTA; SOFYAN RINTUNG
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Limited information is available on chemical propertiesand mineralogical composition of soils in South Kalimantan Province. The objective of this study is to assess the develop derived from weathered sedimentary, granitic and ultrabasic rocks with respect to soil management. Field investigations and laboratory analyses were performed to compare morphological properties, particle sizes, mineralogical compositions of sand and clay fractions, organic C, N, pH, extractable acidity, P retention, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, and oxides of iron and aluminium. The results. show the AY-14 pedon has a higher degree of development followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively as indicated by mineralogical composition and chemical properties. Although the three pedons are dominated by kaolinite, the AY- 14 pedon (developed from an ultrabasic rock) has no weatherable minerals and vermiculite but has high opaques, low quartz and colloid surfaces bearing positive charge. On the other hand, weatherable minerals are only found in SW-89. The MA-86 and SW-89 (developed from granitic and sedimentary rocks, respectively) have low opaques, high quartz, a minor proportion of vermiculite, and colloid surfaces bearing negative charges. These findings suggest that the AY-14 has a higher degree of development than MA-86 and SW-89. Comparison between MA-86 and SW-89 indicated that the former has lower clay cation exchange capacity (CEC) and contains no weatherable minerals indicating that the MA-86 has a higher degree of development than the SW-89. The values of exchangeable cations, CEC of soil and clay, and ECEC were low in all three pedons. The magnitude of each value was lower in the AY-14 followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively. In contrast, P retention and iron oxides were the highest in the AY- 14 pedon followed by MA-86 and SW-89, respectively. The three pedons have very acid to acid pH, and low C and N contents. Based on chemical properties and mineralogical composition, the three pedons need different management practices. The soil derived from ultrabasic rock (AY-14) needs higher phosphate fertilizer due to its high P retention, higher organic matter and lime than soils derived from granitic rock (MA-86) and sedimentary rock (SW-89) in order to increase CEC, nutrient availability and soil pH.
Co-Authors . Sulaeman ANTONIUS KASNO J. SRI ADININGSIH NATA SUHARTA SOFYAN RINTUNG Wiwik Hartatik