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THE APPLICATION OF THE HARDSHIP RULE UNDER THE UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS IN INDONESIA Fikri Farokhi Skd; Sanusi Bintang
Student Journal of International Law Vol 2, No 1: August 2022
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v2i1.21192

Abstract

This research aims to understand more comprehensively how the concept of hardship rule can be interpreted based on the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (hereinafter called UPICC) and how it compares with force majeure regulated by the Indonesian Civil Code (hereinafter called ICC), as well as to analyze how it is applied in Indonesia as seen from the Indonesian court decisions. This study uses a normative legal research method. The result of this study is that the meaning of the hardship rule under the UPICC is an event that has fundamentally changed the balance of a contract, resulting in a very high implementation value for the party performing, or the value of the implementation of the agreement is drastically reduced for the receiving party. Hardship and force majeure both occur in circumstances that preclude the obligation to perform that cannot be anticipated in advance, and the fault of either party does not cause the situation. The hardship rule emphasizes changes in circumstances by one of the parties to the contract caused by the contract value that changes significantly, causing great losses for one of the parties, and hardship offers renegotiation for the parties. Meanwhile, force majeure is emphasized when the parties are unable to carry out all or part of the agreed performance which is generally caused by natural and social events, and force majeure offers contract suspension and termination of the contract. Indonesia has implicitly implemented this hardship in the legal system by referring to the principle of justice.
Perjanjian Baku dalam Perjanjian Sewa Beli Kendaraan Bermotor pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan di Kota Banda Aceh Muhammad Marafwansyah; Sanusi Bintang; Darmawan Darmawan
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 20, No 2 (2018): Vol. 20, No. 2, (Agustus 2018)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/kanun.v20i2.10684

Abstract

Adanya ketidakseimbangan dalam penggunaan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan di Kota Banda Aceh memberi perlindungan hak kepada penjual daripada pembeli, sehingga lebih banyak risiko kerugian yang harus dipikul oleh pembeli. Pokok permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah apakah klausula baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan melanggar ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan tentang perlindungan konsumen. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah jenis metode penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan penelitian hukum yang digunakan dalam artikel ini terdiri dari, pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian baku pada perusahaan pembiayaan PT ADMF bertentangan dengan ketentuan KUH Perdata, khususnya dalam Pasal 1266, Pasal 1267, Pasal 1337, Pasal 1338 ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3), Pasal 1339 KUH Perdata, dan juga bertentangan dengan ketentuan UUPK, khususnya dalam Pasal 4, Pasal 7, Pasal 18 ayat (1), dan ayat (2) UUPK. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan perjanjian baku dalam perjanjian sewa beli kendaraan bermotor pada perusahaan pembiayaan harus ditinjau dan disesuaikan agar tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan undang-undang.  Standard Agreement in The Hir-Purchase Agreement for the Motor Vehicles in a Finance Company in Banda Aceh  The existence of an imbalance in the use of standard agreement in the hire-purchase agreement for motor vehicles in a finance company in Banda Aceh gives protection to the seller rather than the buyer, thus more risk of loss to be borne by the buyer. The main issue in this article is whether the standard clause in the hire purchase agreement of motor vehicles in the finance company violates the provisions of legislation on consumer protection. The research method used in this article was the normative legal research method. The legal research approaches used in this article consist of, statutory approach, case approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that the standard agreements used by PT ADMF was contradictory to the provisions of the Civil Code, particularly in Article 1266, Article 1267, Article 1337, Article 1338 Paragraph (1), Paragraph (2), and Paragraph (3), Article 1339 Civil Code, and also contrary to the provisions of UUPK, particularly in Article 4, Article 7, and Article 18 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) UUPK. Therefore, the standard agreements in the hire-purchase agreement of motor vehicles in the finance company should be reviewed and adjusted so as not violates the provisions of legislation.