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All Journal Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan
Chusnul Hidayat
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Engineering Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Jatropha curcas Oil and Its Purification Using Solvent Fractionation Avita Kusuma Wardhani; Chusnul Hidayat
Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Vol 13, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jifnp.113

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification. The problem in the product of transesterification is the presence of impurities such as mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. So that, the purification using solvent fractionation is needed to separate them from FAME. The objective of this research were to determine the effects of crude fatty acid methyl esters-to-acetone (CFAME/acetone) ratio on yield, purity, purification factor, and recovery of FAME after fractionation and to evaluate the impurities which were separated in each step of fractionation. FAME were produced from Jatropha curcas oil using Berchmans’s and Tiwari’s methods. The impurities were separated by solvent fractionation using acetone. CFAME/acetone ratios were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Fractionation was done stepwise namely 21°C, 16°C, 12°C, and 5°C. The results showed that the conversion of FAME using Tiwari’s method was 1.7-fold higher than Berchmans’s method. Purification of FAME using solvent fractionation resulted that the best CFAME/acetone ratio was 1. Yield decreased 1.6-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 4. Purity decreased 8.74% with an increase in CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 5. Purification factor decreased 2-fold at CFAME/acetone 1 to 3. Recovery decreased 1.3-fold at CFAME/acetone ratio 1 to 4. The impurities which were separated from FAME were mono-, di-, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and the major component of impurities was triglycerides (>59%). The results indicated that solvent fractionation could be used as an alternative method for purifying FAME and further study to optimize this method was needed.
Chemical synthesis mono- and diacylglycerol from palm stearin-olein blend using continuous high shear stirred tank reactor Elma Sulistiya; Rini Yanti; Chusnul Hidayat
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 5, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.02.4

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of flow rate and processing time on the synthesis of high mono- and diacylglycerol (MDAG) from palm stearin-olein blend using high shear continuous stirred tank reactor (HS-CSTR). Glycerolysis-interesterification was performed at 120 ºC and flow rates of 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 mL/min. Glycerol:oil ratio, stearin:olein ratio, NaOH concentration, and agitation rate were 1:5 (mol/mol), 60:40 (w/w), 3%, and 2000 rpm, respectively. The result showed that flow rate significantly affected MDAG concentration and the product's physical characteristics. The highest MDAG was obtained at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. MDAG concentration, slip melting point (SMP), melting point (MP), hardness, emulsion capacity, and stability were 60.36 ± 1.61%, 42.3 ± 0.01 ºC, 43.3 ± 0.06 ºC, 6.04 ± 0.32 N, 87.6 ± 1.75 % and 91.8 ± 2.99 % respectively. An increase in residence time, which means flow rate decreased, increased MDAG, SMP, MP, hardness, emulsion capacity, and stability of the product. Processing time did not significantly affect MDAG concentration and the product's physical properties. It means that acylglycerol concentrations and physical properties of the product did not fluctuate significantly during the process. Thus, it confirmed that the continuous process was stable and reached a steady state throughout the process.
Microencapsulation of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) carotenoid extract by spray-drying with maltodextrin and whey protein concentrates Saefullah Thaher; Sri Anggrahini; Chusnul Hidayat; Hari Hariadi
Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Vol 5, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.02.2

Abstract

Orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) carotenoids were encapsulated in maltodextrin and whey protein concentrates by spray-drying to promote dispersibility in water and looked for the best encapsulant concentration in both encapsulants. The moisture content, wettability, hygroscopicity, color characterization, cold water solubility, and encapsulation efficiency were analyzed for encapsulant concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30% (w/v). The encapsulant concentration of 20% showed the best result with 6.09% moisture content, 11.07 hygroscopicity, 51 s wetting time, 94.50% cold water solubility, and 81.52% encapsulation efficiency for maltodextrin encapsulant. While whey protein concentrates encapsulant gave the result of 6.35% moisture content, 12.44% hygroscopicity, 148.8 s wetting time, 93.13% cold water solubility, and 82.02% encapsulation efficiency. The diffractogram from XRD showed that microcapsule had the amorphous phase dominant and indicated high solubility in water matrix. The microcapsule using maltodextrin encapsulant has smoother and more spherical morphology than microcapsule using whey protein concentrate encapsulant. The color characterization of 30% was lighter, less red, and less yellow than the others based on L*, a*, and b* value respectively. The carotenoid with 20% encapsulant concentration was well encapsulated enough and the addition of more than that did not produce significantly better results.
Oksidasi dan Sulfonasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Katalis Asam Heterogen T. Miftah Ibrahim; Chusnul Hidayat; Umar Santoso
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (786.803 KB) | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v12i2.7020

Abstract

Penggunaan katalis asam homogen memiliki kelemahan dalam pemisahan katalis dari media reaksi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan katalis heterogen (padat) yang lebih mudah dipisahkan dari media reaksi sehingga dapat menyederhanakan tahap produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menjadi katalis asam heterogen (padat) melalui proses oksidasi dan sulfonasi. Pada proses oksidasi, lignoselulosa diubah menjadi aldehid, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan sulfonasi untuk mengubah gugus karbonil menjadi sulfonat. TKKS di-pretreatment terlebih dahulu, kemudian dioksidasi menggunakan sodium periodat (rasio 0,8) pada suhu dan waktu bervariasi (40, 50 dan 60 oC, selama 3, 6, 9 dan 12 jam) dalam waterbath shaker 150 strokes/min dengan kondisi tanpa cahaya. Selanjutnya dilakukan reaksi oksidasi sebanyak dua tahap diikuti dengan sulfonasi. TKKS tersulfonasi kemudian diaplikasikan untuk mengkatalisis reaksi esterifikasi etil oleat. Suhu dan waktu reaksi oksidasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan (p kurang dari 0,01) terhadap kandungan gugus karbonil yang terbentuk. Perlakuan pada suhu 50 oC selama 9 jam mampu menghasilkan gugus karbonil 98,34 ±1,52 μmol/g-sampel. Reaksi oksidasi dua tahap mampu meningkatkan gugus karbonil 12,02 % lebih besar. Reaksi sulfonasi pada suhu 45 oC selama 3 jam hanya mampu mengkonversi 27,97 % gugus karbonil menjadi sulfonat dengan kandungan total sulfur 6,30 ±0,29 %, hal ini berdampak kepada kemampuan TKKS tersulfonasi untuk mengkatalisis reaksi esterifikasi etil oleat dengan yield yang masih rendah yaitu 29,12 ±5,15 %.
Co-Authors Avita Kusuma Wardhani Elma Sulistiya Hari Hariadi Rini Yanti Saefullah Thaher Sri Anggrahini T. Miftah Ibrahim Umar Santoso