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All Journal Paediatrica Indonesiana World Nutrition Journal
Ali Sungkar
Universitas Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Zinc Deficiency Among Lactating Mothers in Jakarta : Associated Factors Dian Araminta Ramadhania; Diana Sunardi; Ali Sungkar
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): Volume 03 Issue 1 Include Supplements Oral Presentation Abstracts of 14th Sympo
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V03.i1.0006

Abstract

Background and Objectives : Deficiency of zinc is prevalent worldwide mostly in developing countries. However, its prevalence among vulnerable group such as lactating mothers is still unknown in most populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among lactating mothers in Jakarta and factors that influence it.Methods :A cross sectional study was conducted in Puskesmas Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta and Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing, North Jakarta between February and April 2019. A total of 75 lactating mothers at 3–6 months postpartum, aged 20–40 years old were recruited using consecutive sampling method. Subjects were interviewed for education levels, occupation, physical activity, types of breastfeeding (exclusive or not), and numbers of parity. Dietary assessment of zinc and protein was carried using semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Weight and height were measured to assess the body mass index (BMI). Blood samples were taken to analyze serum zinc concentrations. Descriptive analysis, one way ANOVA, and unpaired t-test were used, p-values ≤0.05 were considered significant.Results :The mean of serum zinc was 62.33 ± 11.89 and zinc deficiency was found in 76% of the subjects. There were no significant differences of serum zinc related to education levels, occupation, types of breastfeeding, numbers of parity, zinc intakes, protein intakes, and categories of BMI. Significant difference of serum zinc was found between levels of daily physical activity (p = 0.008) – light, moderate, and vigorous.    Conclusion :Zinc deficiency was prevalent among lactating mothers in Jakarta. There was a significant difference of serum zinc between different levels of daily physical activity.
Associations of maternal body composition and nutritional intake with fat content of Indonesian mothers’ breast milk Ardesy Melizah Kurniati; Diana Sunardi; Ali Sungkar; Saptawati Bardosono; Neng Tine Kartinah
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 5 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1849.284 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi56.5.2016.297-303

Abstract

Background Breast milk is the best sole food for infants in their first six months of life. Breast milk fat content accounts for the largest part of infants’ energy and may be influenced by many factors, including maternal factors, which may vary in different settings. So far, there has been no published data about the breast milk fat content of Indonesian mothers, including whether it is affected by their body composition or nutritional intake.Objective To investigate breast milk fat content of Indonesian mothers and its associations with maternal body composition and nutritional intake. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at Budi Kemuliaan Mothers’ and Children’s Hospital. Breast milk specimens were collected from 48 nursing mothers, centrifuged, and tested by creamatocrit for fat content. A 24-hour food recall was performed to evaluate maternal macronutrient intake. Maternal body composition was evaluated by bioelectric impedance analysis. Univariable correlations between breast milk fat content and either energy and macronutrient intake were assessed using the Spearman rho test.Results All nursing mothers had breast milk fat content within clinically normal range [mean 59.4 (SD 15.9) g/L]. There was no significant correlation between milk fat content and maternal body fat (r = -0.03, P=0.840), total body water (r = 0.09 P=0.509), or muscle mass (r = 0.08, P=0.577). Milk fat content seemed to weakly correlated with maternal fat intake, although it was not statistically significant (r = 0.27, P=0.065).Conclusion Breast milk fat content at one-month post delivery appears not associated with with maternal body composition. It seems to weakly correlate with maternal fat intake but findings need to be confirmed in larger studies with adjustment for confounding variables. 
Co-Authors Ardesy Melizah Kurniati Dian Araminta Ramadhania Diana Sunardi Neng Tine Kartinah Almuktabar Saptawati Bardosono