Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner

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Genetic Reassortment Among the Influenza Viruses (Avian Influenza, Human Influenza and Swine Influenza) in Pigs Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (380.754 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v22i4.964

Abstract

Influenza A virus is a hazardous virus and harm to respiratory tract. The virus infect birds, pigs, horses, dogs, mammals and humans. Pigs are important hosts in ecology of the influenza virus because they have two receptors, namely NeuAc 2,3Gal and NeuAc 2,6Gal which make the pigs are sensitive to infection of influenza virus from birds and humans and genetic reassortment can be occurred. Classical swine influenza H1N1 viruses had been circulated in pigs in North America and other countries for 80 years. In 1998, triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses that contains genes of human influenza A virus (H3N2), swine influenza virus (H1N1) and avian influenza are reported as cause an outbreaks in pigs in North America. Furthermore, the circulation of triple reassortant H3N2 swine influenza virus resulting reassortant H1N1 swine influenza and reassortant H1N2 swine influenza viruses cause infection in humans. Humans who were infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A virus (H1N1) usually made direct contact with pigs. Although without any clinical symptoms, pigs that are infected by triple reassortant swine influenza A (H1N1) can transmit infection to the humans around them. In June 2009, WHO declared that pandemic influenza of reassortant H1N1 influenza A virus (novel H1N1) has reached phase 6. In Indonesia until 2009, there were 1005 people were infected by H1N1 influenza A and 5 of them died. Novel H1N1 and H5N1 viruses have been circulated in humans and pigs in Indonesia. H5N1 reassortant and H1N1 viruses or the seasonal flu may could arise because of genetic reassortment between avian influenza and humans influenza viruses that infect pigs together.Key words: influenza viruses, swine, genetic reassortment
Deteksi Virus Influenza Tipe-A pada Spesies Kelelawar Pemakan Buah Rousettus amplexicaudatus di Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat Diana Nurjanah; Ni Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 23 No 4 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.4.515

Abstract

Bats are the natural reservoir and host for most human and animal viruses. There are more than 1,200 species of bats that have been identified, 20% or 239 species of which are spread across Indonesia. The high diversity in bats with the presence of various cell types and receptors has the potential to cause bats to become a source of transmission for various types of viruses, especially type-A influenza virus. Early detection of type-A influenza virus in bats is necessary considering the global distribution, species diversity and high population density of bats in Indonesia. and potential spread to other species. In this study, a total of 101 bat rectal swabs were collected from Cianjur Regency, West Java. Identification of bat species was carried out based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. From the identification results, four bat species were obtained, namely Rousettus amplexicaudatus Rhinolophus sp., Hipposideros sp. and Miniopterus sp. Influenza virus type-A was detected by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on the matrix gene. Of the 56 R. amplexicaudatus swabs rectal samples, 21 (37.5%) were positive for the matrix gene of influenza virus type-A. Of the 21 positive samples of type-A influenza, all of these samples were negative for the H5N1 influenza A virus subtyping test. Early detection of this virus is expected to minimize its destructive impact on global health by implementing control measures.