Nurul Huda
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Probiotik dan Seng terhadap Frekuensi dan Durasi Diare pada Pasien Anak di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Nurul Huda; Dyah A. Perwitasari; Irma Risdiana
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1056.811 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2017.6.1.11

Abstract

Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga dan Riset Kesehatan Dasar dari tahun ke tahun, diare merupakan penyebab utama kematian balita di Indonesia. Penggunaan probiotik untuk diare akut pada anak sudah digunakan secara luas meskipun belum direkomendasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO). Penelitian yang membandingkan penambahan probiotik pada terapi standar diare masih sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik yang diberikan secara bersamaan dengan terapi standar diare terhadap frekuensi dan durasi diare akut pada anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif pada pasien diare akut pada anak di Unit Rawat Inap Anak RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta periode September–Desember 2015. Subjek yang diamati adalah pasien yang mendapatkan terapi standar diare (cairan rehidrasi dan seng) sebagai kelompok I, dan yang mendapatkan terapi standar diare (cairan rehidrasi dan seng) yang dikombinasikan dengan probiotik sebagai kelompok II. Variabel pengamatan utama adalah frekuensi dan durasi diare. Perbedaan frekuensi diare dan durasi diare antar kelompok yang terdistribusi normal dianalisis dengan uji parametrik yaitu uji t-test tidak berpasangan, sedangkan yang tidak terdistribusi normal dianalisis dengan uji non-parametrik yaitu uji Mann-Whitney. Selama periode penelitian diperoleh 44 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yang terdiri dari 38 subjek yang mendapatkan terapi cairan rehidrasi, seng dan probiotik dan sebanyak 6 subjek yang mendapatkan terapi cairan rehidrasi dan seng. Frekuensi diare lebih sedikit pada kelompok I dengan nilai rata-rata 1 kali dibanding kelompok II yaitu 3 kali (p=0,024). Durasi diare lebih singkat pada kelompok I dengan nilai rata-rata 46 jam 30 menit dibanding kelompok II dengan nilai rata-rata 53 jam 10 menit (p=0,515). Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian probiotik pada terapi standar diare tidak menunjukkan penurunan pada frekuensi dan durasi diare dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang hanya diberikan terapi standar diare dalam tata laksana diare akut pada anak.Kata kunci: Diare, probiotik, prospektif, seng Effect of Probiotics and Zinc Combination to the Frequency and Duration of Diarrhea in Pediatrics Patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital YogyakartaAbstractBased on the survey of household health and basic medical research over the years, diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality in Indonesia. Probiotics have been used extensively in acute diarrhea in children, although are not recommended yet by Word Health Organization (WHO). Research on comparative of increasing probiotic research to standard therapy of diarrhea is still very limited. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics given concomitantly with standard therapy of diarrhea to the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea in children. This study was conducted by cohort design with data collection was performed prospectively in children patients with acute diarrhea in the pediatric ward of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta from September until December 2015. Subjects were receiving standard therapy of diarrhea (rehydration solution and zinc) as group I, and who received standard therapy diarrhea (rehydration solution and zinc) combined with probiotics as group II. The main observation variables were frequency and duration of diarrhea. Differences of diarrhea frequency and diarrhea duration between groups normally distributed were analyzed by parametric unpaired t-test, while not normally distributed were analyzed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. During the study period we recruited 44 subjects who met the inclusion criteria, which consisted of 38 subjects who received fluid rehydration therapy, zinc and probiotics and as much as 6 subjects who received therapy rehydration liquid and zinc. The results show the frequency of diarrhea in group I is less than group II, the average value of group I is 1 time and the average value of group II is 3 times (p=0.024). Duration of diarrhea was shorter in group I with the average value of 46 hours 30 minutes than in group II 53 hours 10 minutes (p=0.515). This study suggests that the administration of probiotics in the standard therapy of diarrhea did not significantly affect the reduction in the frequency of diarrhea and the duration of diarrhea, compared to the group given only the standard therapy of diarrhea in the management of acute diarrhea in children.Keywords: Diarrhea, probiotics, prospective, zinc
Settlement of Non-Performing Financing without Collateral: An Analytical Study on Islamic Rural Banks Riduwan Riduwan; Dwi Santosa Pambudi; Muhammad Alfian Lukluk Firdausi; Nurul Huda
Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol 16 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (339.275 KB) | DOI: 10.31603/cakrawala.3983

Abstract

Financing through Islamic banks carries a high risk of not being paid according to the contract's terms. As a result, Islamic banks must adhere to a stricter prudence standard. This research looks at the problem-solving model of non-collateral financing, which is influenced by both internal and external factors and carries a higher risk because the client lacks a material legal bond. The research sample consisted of 30 Indonesian Islamic Rural Banks' (BPRS) directors and commissioners. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to collect data, which was then analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings of this study show that the non-performing financing settlement model is implemented with early business assistance and then followed by financing relaxation. If no solution is found or the client declares bankruptcy, they may be released with a write-off using reserve funds from the account of writing off accounts receivable or social funds.