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Sugi Iswalono
FBS Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

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RESISTENSI DAN RESPON ETNIK AFRO-AMERIKA ATAS MARJINALISASI ETNIK ANGLO-AMERIKA DALAM PUISI-PUISI KARYA HUGHES Sugi Iswalono
LITERA Vol 13, No 1: LITERA APRIL 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v13i1.1910

Abstract

This study aims to describe the forms of and responses to racial hegemony and theAfro-American ethnic group’s self-identity in Hughes’s poems. It employed the qualitativedescriptive approach. The data sources were Hughes’s poems entitled “I, Too, SingAmerica”, “Let America be America Again”, and “Theme for English B”. The data wereanalyzed by means of the postcolonialism theory, enriched by historical, socio-cultural,and political information during the post-civil-war era till 1960s in the United States ofAmerica. The findings are as follows. First, racial hegemony appears in the form of thenegative stereotype of the Afro-American ethnic group. The negative stereotype leadsto the marginalization of the Afro-American ethnic group, reflected by the injusticeand tyranny by the majority ethnic group. Second, responses to racial hegemony aremanifested in the Afro-American ethnic group’s awareness of dignity, self-esteem, andself-confidence as foundations to demand equality and to show their existence amid thewhite people ethnic group’s domination. Third, the pride of ethnic identity is actually apotential to realize Amerian ideals as a nation highly respecting equality and diversityas aspired by the founding fathers.
BLANCHE DAN STANLEY, DUA ALTER-EGO TENNESSEE WILLIAMS DALAM A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE: *) SEBUAH TINJAUAN PSIKOANALISIS Sugi Iswalono; Ari Nurhayati; Niken Anggraeni
Diksi Vol 15, No 1: DIKSI JANUARI 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/diksi.v15i1.6552

Abstract

This article is about a research aimed at finding the forms of Williams'desire which is unfulfilled or repressed into his unconscious mind as sublimated inhis play, A Streetcar Named Desire. In other words, Williams' main inventedcharacters, Blanche and Stanley, whose personalities are shaky or chaotic,represent the expression of the playwright's unbalanced personality which issublimated in the play.The research is conducted by tracing Williams' life and understanding theplay A Streetcar Named Desire as well as the criticism on it and his other works ofwhich the aspects are comparable. To come to the desired aim, psychoanalyticcriticism is aptly opted to expose the issue. In relation to the various schools ofpsychoanalysis, the research applies Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, focusingon the relationship between the author and his work.The research results show the following. Firstly, A Streetcar NamedDesire was written on the basis of Williams' life, especially his childhood andyouth, in which he experienced unhappy and inharmonious relationship with hisfather and, as a consequence, it made his personality chaotic or unbalanced, whichthen brought about sexual perversion in him, making him a passive homosexual.Secondly, the perverted sexual behavior of his was as a matter of fact themanifestation of his rebellion against his father, which he then expressed throughhis work. Thirdly, such behavior was inappropriate in the American cultural andsocial life during his life span and, therefore, he had to repress his desire because itwas impossible for him to release his libidinous drive so that, to avoid neurosis, hesublimated it in literature. In other words, A Streetcar Named Desire is thesublimation of Williams' repressed libido to express his rebellion against his fatherand to release his libidinous drive. In that case, he creates Stanley and Blanche ashis fantasy to escape from his repression though only a minute's escape.Key words: Tennessee Williams, childhood, chaotic personality, libido, father,repression, neurosis, sublimation, Blanche, Stanley