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Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Air dan Plankton di Teluk Benoa, Badung, Bali Ade Riestiari Sudarmawan; Yulianto Suteja; Widiastuti Karim
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 6 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2020.v06.i01.p16

Benoa Bay is the center of estuary of the six rivers in Bali Island. One of the sources of pollution is the input from the river to the waters, especially the liquid waste from the textile industry that contains heavy metals particulary Lead. Moreover, Benoa Bay is a busy area with shipping activities. Shipping activities could direct and indirectly contaminate the waters with Lead from its oil waste. The purposes of this research are to examine the Lead concentration in the surface waters and plankton, and to determine lead bioaccumulation in plankton in the Benoa Bay. The samplings were conducted on May 2018. Lead concentration in the waters and plankton were analized using Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission (ICPE) with wet destruction method. The result shows that Benoa Bay is heavily contaminated by Lead. According to the Decree of the Minister Environment No. 51 of 2004 about Sea Water Quality Standards, concentration of lead in sea waters is <0.008 mg/L. Concentration of lead in Benoa Bay water surface is 0.001 to 0.053 mg/L and in plankton is 0.001 to 9.287 mg/Kg. It is found that the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of plankton is 593.45. This study emphasize that plankton are able to bioaccumulate Lead.

Penilaian Pencemaran Bahan Organik Perairan di Teluk Benoa Ditinjau dari Tingkat Saprobitas Angginie Adjeng Ayoe Gigih Pangesthu; Yulianto Suteja; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 7 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i01.p10

Organic material is one of the pollutants found in marine water, the presence of organic matter can be detected through bioindicators such as plankton by calculating the level of saprobitas waters. Research related to plankton saprobitas in the waters of Benoa Bay has been carried out around the waters of the port of Benoa. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure and saprobitas level of plankton in the waters of Benoa Bay. The saprobic plankton level was calculated using two equations, namely Saprobic Index (SI) and Trophic Saprobic Index (TSI). Both indexes use the presence of plankton in the water to determine the pollution status of a waters. The results of the study showed that 22 types of phytoplankton from three classes Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae and three types of zooplankton from two classes Crustacea and Malacostraca. The Saprobic Index (SI) values range from 1-1.7 and the Trophic Saprobic Index (TSI) ranges between 1.01-1.44. This shows that Benoa Bay waters are in the ?-mesosaprobic to oligosaprobic contamination phase. In the ?-mesosaprobic phase, the condition of the waters with high DO waters, the number of medium level of bacteria density and the last product produced is the last product of nitrate. The oligosaprobic it has very low bacterial conditions and perfect decomposition of organic matter. The ?-mesosaprobic and oligosaprobic phases indicate that the pollution that is taking place in the waters of Benoa Bay was mild to moderate pollution.

Pendugaan Kejadian Pemutihan Karang Berdasarkan Analisis Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) Tahun 2015-2016 di Perairan Bali Jajang Nuryana; I Gede Hendrawan; Widiastuti Karim
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

National Ocean Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) by the program coral reef Watch (CRW) has developed a method to estimate the potential of coral bleaching using Sea Surface Temperature (SST). The products are hot spot (HS) and degree heating week (DHW). HS is the SST 1°C (SSTL?1) above normal and DHW is the length of HS inhabits a place. The CRW product do not provided detail informations because it has a lower resolution. It is need a satellite image with a higher resolution to provide better informations. One of the satellite images that can be used is Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with a spatial resolution of 1 km. The purpose of this study was to know HS and DHW distribution patterns and status of coral bleaching in Bali waters seen from the analysis of HS and DHW. MODIS data is used daily, then do mosaicing process to get a weekly SPL (8 daily) and the monthly SST. Monthly SPL normally used to get maximum montly mean (MMM). HS obtained from the difference between 8 daily weekly SST and SST normal (MMM).).Location bleaching based on data Coral Triangle Center (CTC) and coralwatch.org. SST results revealed difference of SPL in 2015 and 2016 amounted to 1.48°C. Highest DHW in Bali Hai, Nusa Penida is 10 465° C-weeks in April 2016. Based on the value HS and DHW coral reefs in Bali waters threatened bleaching level Alert 1 and Alert level 2.

Tingkat Kelulushidupan Karang Acropora jacqulineae pada Fragmentasi dan Transplantasi di Dalam dan Luar Air Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 5 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Coral transplantations are widely conducted at the coastal areas where corals are both fragmented and transplanted out of the water, exposed to open air and sunlight directly. However, the effectivity of these methods remain poorly understand due to different physiological type of corals. Coral Acropora jacqulineae is one of common transplanted coral for ornamental aquarium. The aim of this reseach was to examine the survival rates of fragmented and transplanted A. jacqulineae both in the water and out of the water. Each coral donor was fragmented with different initial sizes (3, 5 and 7 cm). All the fragments were cemented on the artificial substrate and arranged on the metal table which has been set on the sea floor at 15 m prior to the experiment. The survival rates were measured in every month for 9 months. The differences of the survival rates of fragmented and transplanted coral fragments both in the water and out of the water were analysed by using Fisher’s Exact test (P = 0.05). According to Fisher’s Exact test that the survival rates of coral A. jacqulineae fragmented and transplanted both in the water and out of the water were no significantly different. It is suggested that this condition occured within 2 hours. Therefore, coral A. jacqulineae is one of the coral that can be used in transplantation activity where coral takes out of the water. Nevertheless, this activity has to be done within 2 hours, otherwise it may bring lethal effect to the coral`s metabolism due to stress.

Contribution of Terrestrial Runoff to Coral Disease Prevalence on North Bali’s Massive Porites I Gusti Bagus Siladharma; Widiastuti Karim
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2017): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

The widespread of coral disease may threatened Bali`s marine tourism which is the main asset for the nation prosperity. However, the disease prevalence is still unknown, in particular inshore coral reefs near to tourist spot areas. Therefore, the research aims to investigate the contribution of terrestrial runoff to coral disease prevalence and to examine the relationships between disease prevalence and environmental parameters (nitrate, phosphate, organic carbon and total suspended solids (TSS)) within the population of massive Porites on shallow north Bali reefs. Syndrome, diseases and healthy colonies of massive Porites coral were counted and noted within a 2 x 10 m belt transect at 3 sampling sites. The dominant disease observed was ulcerative white spots (UWS), while the syndromes were pigmentation response and aggressive overgrowth by macroalgae. The highest mean UWS prevalence was at site 3 which was the closest site to runoff (prevalence = 91%).This disease only affected one colony at site 1 and 2, respectively. Disease prevalence had strong relationship with TSS and nitrate, yet it showed weak relationship with phosphate and organic carbon. These results suggest that terrestrial runoff could contribute to the disease prevalence by increasing the TSS, nutrients and organic carbon loading to the inshore ecosystems. High level of organic carbon could severe the disease, particularly when combined with elevated TSS and nutrient, by reducing the coral`s immunity system. Keywords: coral disease, prevalence, terrestrial runoff, Porites, ulcerative white spot, environmental parameter, North Bali.

Laju Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Transplantasi Karang Acropora secale di Pantai Serangan dan Pantai Geger, Bali Luh Putu Ayu Depi Nurcahyani; I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

The status of Indonesian coral reefs are in fair to poor categories, therefore it requires more approaches in order to recover the natural ecosystem. One of the reef restoration method is coral transplantation. Genus Acropora is one of the main constituent of reefs in the Indo-Pacific waters. Reef transplantation may not only rehabilitate the damaged reef, but also an effective way to collect coral for economic purposes. Acropora secale has high economic value as aquarium ornament, however it is vulnerable to the environmental stress and marine pollution. Therefore, finding the suitable transplantation location is one of important part in the transplantation. The objective of this research is to investigate the growth of transplant A. Secale at Serangan and Geger Beach which has different morphology feature. A. secale was Transplanted for 3 months on the 2 x 1 m table with 16 fragments and observed each week. The results obtained are total growth and growth rate of A. secale transplanted on Serangan Beach is significant higher than Geger Beach (P<0.05). The total growth of A. secale on Serangan Beach is higher by 0,83 cm, wider by 0,61 cm, and branches are more 7 branches than Geger Beach. The growth rate of A. secale at Serangan Beach was higher by 0,27 cm/month and wider by 0,21 cm/month than Geger Beach. The survival rate of A. secale on Serangan Beach and Geger Beach is 100% which means that all transplanted corals survive until the end of the study.

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Tunikata (Ascidiacea) di Perairan Jemeluk dan Penuktukan, Bali Ni Made Pitria Menala Saputri; I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 5 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Tunikata is an animal shaped like a tube and its body is covered by a mantle (tunic). These organisms have functions and impacts for ecology, pharmacology, people and the economy. However, the various important roles of the tunicate are not matched by information on abundance and diversity in Indonesia in general and the island of Bali in particular. Therefore, this study aims to determine the abundance, species composition and the diversity of tunikata in the waters of Jemeluk and Penuktukan, Bali, where each of these waters has a different coral reef morphology reef flats (Jemeluk) and reef slopes (Penuktukan). Data retrieval is done with a 25x2m2 belt transect and parallel to the shoreline. Determination of location of observation based on purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used using the abundance formula, species composition and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The results showed that the abundance of tunikata in Jemeluk waters did not differ significantly between stations where the highest was found in stations 1 and 3, the lowest at station 2. But the abundance of tunicates in waters Penuktukan significantly different between stations where the highest in three and the lowest station on Station 1. There are nine kinds of tunicates on both waters where species Didemnum molle and Atriolum robustum is the type most commonly found. The highest diversity of tunicate species in Jemeluk waters is found in stations 1 and 3 and the lowest is at station 2, while the highest Penuktukan is located at station 1 and the lowest is at station 3. In general, the index of biodiversity in both waters is categorized as low.

Kondisi Kesehatan Karang Genus Porites di Perairan Jemeluk dan Penuktukan-Bali Ni Luh Putu Febbi Mellani; I Gede Hendrawan; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 5 No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

This research was conducted to determine the coral health condition of genus Porites at Jemeluk beach and Penuktukan beach with the different of reef geomorphology. Coral reef data was collected for two days in Jemeluk beach (reef flats) in March 2017 and in Penuktukan beach (reef slope) in April 2017. Each observation location consisted of 3 stations parallel to the coastline. Observation of coral health data using belt transect method size 2 x 25 m with width of 1 meter each to left and right side. Photo documentation was performed on coral reefs of Porites and subsequently identified the types of diseases and forms of health problems using Coral Disease Handbook, Guidelines for Assessment, Monitoring and Management. The types of coral diseases found in both beaches are ulcerative white spot and white plague. The number of dominant colonies that infected with the disease was found on Jemeluk beach which has coastal morphology of coral reefs. The coral health conditions of the genus Porites found on Jemeluk and Penuktukan beaches are in an unhealthy condition. Compromised health is dominant in Jemeluk beach, this is estimated to be caused by the presence of river flow at observation sites which is relatively high. In addition, the coral reef morphology in Jemeluk beach is reef flat causing the reefs in this area to be more susceptible to damage.

Laju Pertumbuhan dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup Karang Transplan Acropora hyacinthus pada Ukuran Fragmen yang Berbeda Widiastuti Widiastuti; Awalludin Ponco Aji Handoyo; I Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 7 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p04

Coral transplantation is an alternative way to maintain coral reef ecosystems sustainability. A. hyacinthus is one of the main reef builder and export commodities for decorative aquarium. Determining the initial size of coral fragments may create efficiency and effectiveness of transplantation. This study aims to examine the effects of different initial fragment lengths on growth, growth rate and survival rate of Acropora hyacinthus. Six colonies were fragmented to three initial lengths (30, 50 and 70 mm), where it was measured for 12 weeks. Growth rates were obtained every two weeks while survival rates were calculated amount of living fragments at the end of the observation substracted by the amount of living fragments at the beginning of the observation. The effects of different initial lengths were analysed using Tukey HSD two-way ANOVA and when parametric statistics asumptions did not meet, it was analysed using a non parametric statistic test. Thus the significant results were followed by Tukey HSD. The results showed that different initial fragment lengths had significant effect on the growth of length (p = 0.000), however there was no significant difference in diameter growth (p = 0.662). The lowest length growth rate was found at initial length 30 mm and the highest was at 70 mm long. In contrast, the lowest diameter growth rate was found 70 mm and the highest was at 30 mm long. The survival rates of different initial fragment lengths of fragmented reached 100% at all lengths.

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Polychaeta pada jenis mangrove yang berbeda di Tahura Ngurah Rai Luh Pt Priyandayani; I Gede Hendrawan; Widiastuti Widiastuti
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Mangrove at Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali contributes the organic material into environment. Polychaeta is one of the main benthic macrofauna that has important role in accumulating organic material to mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to explain the abundance and diversity of Polychaeta such as Rhizophora mucronata, mix mangrove and Sonneratia alba at Tahura Ngurah Rai. The sampling of Polychaeta using corers with diameter 17 cm and height 18 cm those sink in the substrate. The abundance was analyzed by the Krebs and diversity was analyzed by Shannon Wiener index. There were five genus of Polychaeta, such as Heteromastus, Marphysa, Laeonereis, Nereis, and Paranaitis. The highest abundance of Polychaeta was found in mixed stations (432 ± 57,37 ind/m2), and the lowest abundance was in R. mucronata (414 ± 79,93 ind/m2). The abundance of Polychaeta in the three stations did not differ significantly because it was influenced by the dominant substrate of sandy clay. The highest Polychaeta diversity was found in S. alba (0,704), followed by the mixed station (0,642), and the lowest was in R. mucronata. The value of Polychaeta diversity on the three stations differed significantly because of the comparison between the type and total number of individuals in each station that varied. The Polychaeta diversity index in the three stations is low, while the Polychaeta abundance value in each station is quite abundant. The result showed that the stability of the Polychaeta community in the mangrove ecosystem is unstable.

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