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Nyoman Ratep
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Journal : E-Jurnal Udayana Medica

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OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER Revathee Ramasamy; Wayan Westa; Nyoman Ratep
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no1 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry, by repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or by a combination of such obsessions and compulsions. OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational, and may become further distressed by this realization. An Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study showed a lifetime prevalence of OCD of 2.5%. Biological, psychological and psychosocial all play a role in causing the disorder. A diagnosis of OCD is drawn from its clinical presentations. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV- TR) is used to aid the diagnosis of OCD. Therapies for OCD are in the form of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. OCD symptoms persist at moderate levels even following adequate treatment course and a completely symptom-free period is uncommon.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Collin Peters; Nyoman Ratep; Wayan Westa
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no2 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorder, but it is more importantly a serious psychiatric illness associated with significant medical and psychiatric morbidity, psychosocial impairment and increased risk of death. The clinical features are characterized by deliberate weight loss, arising from food avoidance often in combination with self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise and using diuretics and appetite suppressants. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria is used to determine if the patient is suffering from anorexia nervosa. Anorexia can have dangerous psychological and behavioral effects if left untreated. The treatment of anorexia has to focus on more than weight gain and the physical damage caused by malnutrition. It must also focus on the psychological cause. Keyword: Anorexia nervosa, eating disorders, psychotherapy
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ASPERGER SYNDROME Faizal Minhat; Wayan Westa; Nyoman Ratep
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no2 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Asperger syndrome is the term applied to the mildest and highest functioning end known as the spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders (or the autism spectrum). It is known to be related to a neurologically based disorder of development. Most of the causes of these disorders are unknown, which are deviations or abnormalities in three broad aspects of development: social relatedness and social skills, the use of language for communicative purposes and certain behavioral and stylistic characteristics involving repetitive or perseverative features and a limited but intense range of interests. It is the presence of these three categories of dysfunction, which can range from relatively mild to severe, which clinically defines all of the pervasive developmental disorders, from AS through to classic autism. Some researchers have suggested that the basic neuropsychological deficit is different for the two conditions, but others have been unconvinced that any meaningful distinction can be made between them. Keyword: Asperger Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Autism
INSOMNIA Nor Syazwani Binti Abdul Samad; Nyoman Ratep; Wayan Westa
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no1 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Insomnia is one of the more common complaints patients present to their physicians. Sleep problems affect up to one-third of all Americans, and the loss of workplace productivity. Patients with acute insomnia generally respond well to various sedative hypnotic medications, but chronic insomnia is a different challenge. Physicians and patients may raise concerns about the long-term use of sedative hypnotic medications. Even in light of these concerns, however, the chronic insomnia remains, ostensibly leaving the physician few choices. A number of promising nonpharmacologic strategies are available that physicians can easily implement. Through the use of selfrating instruments and a sleep log, physicians can bring the sleep problem into better focus and monitor the efficacy of clinical interventions. Certain behavioral techniques, such as sleep hygiene, stimulus control, and sleep restriction, can be effective remedies for chronic insomnia. The use of cranial electric stimulation for insomnia is also showing promising results. Through careful assessment and the adoption of simple nonpharmacologic strategies, the physician’s interventions may result in a good night’s sleep.
MULTI-INFARCT DEMENTIA Ayu Diandra Sari; Nyoman Ratep; Bagus Komang Satriyasa
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no1 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Dementia is a cognitive functional deficits that causes memory impairment with symptoms such as: aphasia, agnosia, apraxia or a disturbance in executive functioning (the ability to plan, sequence, and organize) that interferes with social, occupational, or interpersonal skills. Most of dementia among older people in Asia, especially Indonesia is Vascular dementia. Most of vascular dementia among older people in Indonesia is multi-infarct dementia (MID). Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is a disorder involving deterioration in mental function caused by changes or damage to the brain tissues from lack of oxygen as a result of multiple blood clots throughout the brain. Risk factor for MID include a history of: Hardening of arteries (arthrosclerosis), high blood pressure (hypertension), smoking, and stroke. In MID, disruption of blood flow leads to damaged brain tissue. For diagnose the patient with MID, the most important thing we must do is anamnesis. From anamnesis, we can get history of sufficient exposure, Onset of symptoms, checking sign and doing tests, and also ask whether the patient has risks factors about MID or not. There is no known definitive treatment for MID. Treatment is based on control of symptoms. Other treatments may be advised based on the individual condition.
TYPICAL ARTICULATION DISORDERS Shashiitharan Paramanantham; Wayan Westa; Nyoman Ratep
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1,no 2(2017):volume 1 no 2 Mei 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Typical developmental disorder in which the use of sound to speak of children, are below the level corresponding to the mental age, while the corresponding rate of the normal level of language skills. Age mastery of voice to speak, and the order in which these sounds evolve show individual variation is large enough. The diagnosis is made only if the severity of articulation disorder beyond the limits of normal variation for normal mental age; intelligence (intelligence) nonverbal within normal limits; expressive and receptive language skills within normal limits; articulation disorder is not directly caused by something sensory abnormalities, structural or neurological; and one said definitely not normal in colloquial usage a day in the life of a child.Keywords: Articulation, sensory abnormalities
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION Alison Chang Yen Pin; Nyoman Ratep; Wayan Westa
Bali Journal of Medical and Health Sciences vol 1no2 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University

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Abstract

Postpartum depression is an affective disorder that affects predominantly in women after childbirth. The typical characteristics are feeling miserable, fatigue, weariness, and there are changes in sleeping and eating patterns. History taking from patient and family is the essential part to diagnose the patient, which Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a screening tool frequently used. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria is utilized to establish if the patient is experiencing postnatal depression. Postnatal depression can become a major illness if not treated seriously. There are many treatments available to treat the postpartum depression such as drugs, psychotherapy, and/or alternative therapy. With suitable treatment, it can increase the relationship between mother-child and the quality life of the family. Keywords: Postpartum depression, affective disorder, psychotherapy
Co-Authors Alison Chang Yen Pin Ayu Diandra Sari Bagus Komang Satriyasa Collin Peters Eddy Surya Kurniawan Esha Pradnyana Faizal Minhat I Dewa Gede Surya Mahardika Badung I Gusti Ayu Harry Sundariyati I Made Dwi Ariawan I Made Prema Putra IGM Agus Bhayu WWPSR Jasmine S. Christian Made Adi Wiratama Made Ayu Dwi Pradnyawati Made Ovy Riandewi Griadhi Ni Putu Popy Theresia Puspita Nor Syazwani Binti Abdul Samad Revathee Ramasamy Shashiitharan Paramanantham Wahyu Dewi Wayan Westa