Indra Tri Mahayana
Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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Potential employment of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a beneficial intervention in children with amblyopia: a brief overview Indra Tri Mahayana; Dhimas Hari Sakti; Natalia Christina Angsana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (250.101 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSci005204202009

Abstract

Amblyopia is an early functional imbalance between each eye and the brain that may result in visual cortex inhibition. Current conservative treatments involve altering the input from the ‘good eye’, for example, using patching or biochemical penalization. Direct brain stimulation to the amblyopic cortex might improve the condition. This paper aimed to systematically review the published scientific literature regarding the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a potential method for treatment in the amblyopic visual cortex. This study was a systematic review of the published scientific literature related to theTMS for the treatment of amblyopia that was performed using “TMS, amblyopia” as keywords. However, only three research papers were found and included in the literature review. A study showed that repetitive TMS of the visual cortex can temporarily improve contrast sensitivity in the amblyopic visual cortex. Another study used continuous thetaburst stimulation (cTBS) delivered to the visual cortex while patients viewed a high contrast stimulus with their non-amblyopic eye. It was found that daily theta burst TMS stimulation improved amblyopic eye contrast sensitivity in five adult volunteers. The TMS also increased median visual acuity in the patient with amblyopia after stimulation with no significant changes in the placebo group.Protocol employing repetitive administration of TMS might result in beneficial effects in amblyopia treatment. TMS works in brain dynamics and experience-dependent plasticity, all of which could be important in investigating and treating amblyopia.
Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology Indra Tri Mahayana; Natalia Christina Angsana; Alya Kamila; Nisrina Nur Fatiha; Devin Zen Sunjaya; Winanto Andajana; Suhardjo Suhardjo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 52, No 3 (2020): Special Issue: COVID-19
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (555.193 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSciSI005203202003

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This overview briefly describes current literature findings in ophthalmology related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that become a worldwide pandemic. It included the current updates related to conjunctivitis that believed as the early sign of COVID-19, the effectiveness of conjunctival swab in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to naso- or oropharyngeal swab and the long-term side effect of chloroquine use to the eyes. The analysis from four current published literatures revealed, overall sensitivity of conjunctivitis was 2.42% (CI 95%: 0.79-5.55) and conjunctival swab was 2.90% (CI 95%: 1.07-6.20). There were no current COVID-19-related literatures discussing the side effect of chloroquine to the eyes, however, previous literatures revealed there were potential long-term harmful effects of chloroquine treatment to the eyes. 
The predictor factor of final visual acuity (VA) of acute retrobulbar neuritis patients receiving optic neuritis treatment trial (ONTT) regiment Tatang Talka Gani; Melvina Nidya Sandra; Indra Tri Mahayana; Datu Respatika; Hartono Hartono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 53, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (30.167 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSci005302202104

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The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of intravenous optic neuritis treatment trial (ONTT) regiment on the treatment ofpatients with acute retrobulbar neuritis.This was a cross sectional studyusing medical records data of patients diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral retrobulbar neuritis by normal funduscopic findings and typical optic neuritis perimetry results within 14 days of onset fromtheNeuro-ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from January to December 2015. Medical records data of patients who received 1000 mg methylprednisolone IV per day for 3 days followed by 11 days 1 mg/kg body weight oral prednisolone were reviewed. Visual acuity (VA) at onset, final VA at time of follow up, delta VA improvement and time of follow up were included in the analyses.Twenty data of patients aged 33.95±8.07 years with VA at onset of 1.96±0.81 (~ 1 mCF) were analyzed in this study. Significantly improvement in final VAafter treatment to be 1.39±1.12 (~5mCF) was reported (p=0.001). The VA at onsetwas a predictive factor for final VA (p <0.001). Every 1.17 increase of final VA for every one-point decreased VA at onset (p<0.001). Time follow up showed to be trend (p=0.059),however, age and sex were not a predictive factorof final VA (p>0.05). In conclusion, there is VA improvement after the treatment of ONTT regiment. The VA at onset is a predictive factorof final VA on patients with acute retrobulbar neuritis.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas regimen optic neuritis treatment trial (ONTT) intravena pada pengobatan pasien dengan neuritis retrobulbar faseakut. Penelitian potong lintang ini menggunakan rekam medis pasien yang didiagnosis neuritis retrobulbar unilateral atau bilateral dengan temuan funduskopi normal dan hasil perimetri neuritis optik yang khas dalam waktu 14 haris etelah onset dari Klinik Neuro-optamalmologi, Departemen Oftalmologi, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta dari Januari-Desember 2015. Data rekam medis pasien yang menerima1000 mg metilprednisolon IV per haris elama 3 hari diikuti oleh prednisolon oral selama 11 hari dengan dosis 1 mg/kg berat badan dianalisis. Ketajaman visual (VA) saat onset, VA akhir saat tindaklanjut, peningkatan VA, dan waktu tindak lanjut dianalisis. Sebanyak 20 data pasien berumur 33,95 ±8,07 tahun dengan VA saat onset 1,96 ±0,81 (~ 1 mCF) dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Perbaikan VA akhir menjadi 1,39±1,12 (~5mCF) dilaporkan (p=0,001). Ketajaman visual saat onset merupakan factor predictor VA akhir (p<0,001). Setiap peningkatan VA akhir sebesar 1,17 menurunkan satu poin VA saat onset (p<0.001). Waktu tindak lanjut cenderung menjadi factor prediktor (p=0,059), namun demikian usia, jenis kelamin bukan factor predictor VA akhir (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan, terdapat peningkatan VA pasien setelah pengobatan regimen ONTT. Ketajaman visual saat onset merupakan factor prediktor VA akhir pada pasien dengan neuritis retrobulbar akut.
Analysis of systemic risk factors of occipital stroke-related vision loss Indra Tri Mahayana; Nyssa Alexandra Tedjonegoro; Tatang Talka Gani
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 54, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSci005402202203

Abstract

Occipital stroke is associated with visual field defects and other visual perceptual deficits that might lead to detrimental effects on health-related quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between systemic risk factors and the features of occipital stroke. It was a retrospective observational study involving patients diagnosed with occipital stroke in Dr. Yap Eye Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between 2013 and 2014. A total of 72 patients with occipital stroke proven with CT/MRI who underwent detailed evaluation of ocular and systemic risk factors were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups with or without risk factors. The risk factors were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac diseases. The effect of risk factors on sex, age groups (≤40, >40 and ≤60, >60 y.o.), stroke lesions (left occipital, right occipital, bilateral), and visual field defects (homonymous hemianopia, homonymous quadrantanopia, and others) were analyzed. Out of 72 patients, there were 56 males (77.8 %), and 16 females (22.2 %), with a mean age of 58.46 ± 11.83 y.o. The study found there was a significant difference in age with risk factors compared with those without risk factors (p = 0.025), as well as visual acuity with age groups (p = 0.005) and stroke lesions (p = 0.024). Analysis of risk factors showed that hypertension was significantly correlated with stroke lesions, whereas cardiac disease was significantly associated with age groups (p<0.05). Predictive analysis was performed using a linear regression model, and it showed that risk factors could predict the occurrence of stroke lesions. In conclusion, patients’ systemic risk factors are significantly associated with the older onset of occipital stroke and lower visual acuity, although not significantly associated with stroke location and visual field defect characteristics.
Atypical Anterior Optic Neuritis Resembles Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy : A Unique Case Report Kristian Goenawan; Indra Tri Mahayana; Tatang Talka Gani; Hartono Hartono
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 43 No 2 (2017): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (226.292 KB) | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v43i2.149

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Purpose : We present a unique case of atypical anterior optic neuritis resemble anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Methods : This was a single case study, with a patient was followed up for 2 months. Visual acuity, visual field, color vision, intraocular pressure, and ocular anatomy, were examined. Results : A female patient 54 y/o with chief complain sudden blurred vision on both eyes after woke up in the morning without redness and tearing 4 days before day of visit. History of systemic and ocular diseases were denied. Visual acuity was 0.5/60 (superior) right eye and 1/60 (superior) left eye, couldn’t be corrected. Relative afferent pupillary defect was observed in right eye. Biomicroscopic examination of anterior segment and intraocular pressures were normal. Funduscopy revealed ill defined margin at optic nerve head for both eyes suggested papilledema. At the present we couldn’t examined color vision. Visual field examination showed inferior altitudinal defect (more severe in right eye). Consultation to internal medicine and laboratory examination such as: complete blood count, lipid profile, blood glucose, and electrocardiogram were done to confirm our diagnosis. Clinically, the diagnosis of the disease more likely to be the anterior optic neuritis. Follow-up after 2 months has normal visual acuity, visual field, and color perception after steroid treatment. Conclusion : Anterior optic neuritis might have a very similar clinical presentation of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy upon early manifestation.
Patient's Perspective of Eye Service Quality in Yogyakarta's Teaching Hospital Dhimas Hari Sakti; Indra Tri Mahayana; Firman Setya Wardhana; Dwima Faiqa Nafisha; Dhimas Ali Firman; Novika Handayani; Tiara Putri Utami
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 44 No 2 (2018): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (204.977 KB) | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v44i2.165

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Introduction : The eye care service in The Dr. Sardjito Hospital has one of the highest number of patients amongst other health care services provided. Thus evaluation of the patients' satisfaction upon the service provision is needed to improve the quality of the eye care service. Methods : A cross-sectional study was performed in the ophthalmology outpatient clinic at the teaching hospital in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Interviews were conducted on 77 patients using Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) in 2017. Results : Overall, patients were mostly satisfied with the interpersonal manner of the doctors (mean : 4.12  0.42) and least satisfied with the time spent with doctors (mean : 3.310.95). There was a statistically significant difference among each subscale (p=0.000). Gender, income, occupation, and education had no significant statistical difference to the aspects of quality. However, significant differences were found in the financial aspects of marital status, education level, and co-diagnoses group with p-value of 0.009, 0.043, and 0.048 respectively. Conclusions : Patient satisfaction could be improved by increasing the time spent at each visit with the doctor. Meanwhile, financial aspect is mostly affected by the patients’ background. This study needs to be continued to get wider perspectives on the larger population sample of eye patients. Therefore, the quality of eye care services may be improved.
Status Penglihatan Pasien Makroadenoma Hipofisis Pasca Bedah Transphenoid Reny Setyowati; Adiguno Suryo Wicaksono; Rahmat Andi Hartanto; Indra Tri Mahayana; Suhardjo Prawiroranu
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 45 No 2 (2019): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (111.806 KB) | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v45i2.178

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AIM: The main aim of surgery in pituitary macroadenoma are restoration of visual acuity and visual field defects by decompression of the optic chiasm. Pituitary macroadenoma has slow growth pattern. This study describes the visual status of patients with pituitary macroadenoma and the post operative results. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive interventional study of patients with pituitary adenoma underwent transphenoid surgery at Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. RESULTS: There were 7 patients age 29-65 years old, mean age was 42 years old, consist of 3 male and 4 female and were followed-up varies between 1 until 6 months. There was history of previous transphenoid surgery in 1 patients. Duration of patient’s complaint varies between 1 until 36 months and the mean duration was 12 months. In 6 patients there were bitemporal hemianopia and 1 patients had general depression visual field defect. Visual acuity pre operative was between 0,003 until 1,0 , and the mean visual acuity was 0,1 (right eye) and 0,18 (left eye). Visual acuity post operative was between no light preception until 1,0 , and the mean visual acuity was 0,27 (right eye) and 0,19 (left eye) but there were no statistically significant differences. Fundus examination reveal optic atrophy in all patients. CONCLUSION: Transphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Prolonged duration of symptoms and delay of surgery may impact the visual status KEYWORDS: Visual status, visual field defect, pituitary macroadenoma, transphenoid surgery, post operative
The Comparison of Transepithelial versus Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy: Trans vs conventional PRK Puspita Salfasari; Suhardjo; Indra Tri Mahayana
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 48 No 1 (2022): Ophthalmologica Indonesiana
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/journal.v48i1.100230

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Introduction : Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the first choice in treating myopia for eyes with mildly irregular and/or thin corneas because it preserves corneal integrity. A laser-assisted method for epithelial removal, termed Transepithelial PRK (T-PRK), was introduced as an alternative to conventional PRK, which gives a smoother corneal surface than that achieved with mechanical ablation of the epithelium in conventional PRK. Objective: To compare emmetropization between patients treated with T-PRK and conventional PRK. Methods: This study was an observative comparative analytic study with case-control study design. Myopic eyes treated by T-PRK (study group) were compared with variable-adjusted eyes treated by conventional PRK (control group), from year 2015-2018 at Dr.YAP Eye Hospital Yogyakarta. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the degree on myopia; mild (spherical minus 0-3D), moderate (4-6D), and severe (>7D). Emmetropization within 1 month follow-up and treatment time were analyzed. Results: In all of the cases reviewed, the total percentage of patients treated with T-PRK who reached emmetropization within 1 month follow-up was 21.51% (17/79 eyes), with 33.34% (9/27 eyes) in mild, 28.57% (6/21 eyes) in moderate, and 6.45% (2/31 eyes) in severe myopia group; compared to the control group which was 22.78% (18/79 eyes) (p=0.848), with 48.14% (13/27 eyes) in mild, 15% (3/20 eyes) in moderate, and 6.25% (2/32 eyes) in severe myopia group. Treatment time in the study group was relatively faster compared to the control group. Conclusions: The study group showed slightly better result in treating moderate myopia within 1 month follow-up. Treatment time was relatively faster compared to the control group.
The awareness of blindness related to misuse of illicit liquor containing methanol: A community study Indra Tri Mahayana; Tatang Talka Gani; Suhardjo Pawiroranu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.416 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.36866

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Methanol is a cheap organic solvent and additive in the production of illicit liquors. There are many recorded incidences in Indonesia regarding methanol intoxication induced visual loss. We aimed to investigate the level of awareness of liquor-containing methanol misuse in the community related to its hazard of visual loss. Participants were recruited from 3 primary health care units which represent the population of rural communities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and then divided into two groups: drinkers (cases) and nondrinkers (control). The participants answered closed questions in a questionnaire about knowledges related to the misuse of illicit liquor. Forty participants (mean age: 39.8 ± 13.39) completed the questionnaires. There were 40% and 60% of participants who reside in the city and suburbs; their education levels were 2.5%, 12.5%, 30%, 35%, and 7.5% for uneducated, elementary, junior, senior high school, and undergraduate, respectively. There were 6 drinker and 34 nondrinker participants (sex difference p <0.001). Only 1 drinker and 7 nondrinkers answered correctly regarding the ethanol based liquor. Fifty percent of drinkers and 32.35% of nondrinkers were aware that illicit liquors were most probably mixed with methanol. The drinkers were aware that liquor-containing methanol can cause sudden death (33.33%) or sudden visual loss (33.33%), while 55.8% nondrinker answered only sudden death. Participants’ awareness levels regarding the content and the visual outcome of methanol-containing liquor remain low. From this pilot study, we confirmed the need to conduct further research with a larger sample size, followed by clear ethical considerations for prevention.
Outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (mSICS) compared with phacoemulsification from population based outreach eye camp, in Yogyakarta and Southern Central Java Region, Indonesia Indra Tri Mahayana; Reny Setyowati; Tri Winarti; Suhardjo Prawiroranu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 1, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (384.425 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.36867

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In this study, we compared the effectiveness (comparison of post-operative visual acuity/VA) of phacoemulsification by ophthalmologists versus manual small incision cataract surgery (mSICS) by residents in a mass cataract surgery setting. This research was a cross-sectional study of 1137 cataract patients who underwent cataract surgery by ophthalmologists and residents in outreach eye camps during 2015-2017 (3 years). There were 554 patients who underwent phacoemulsification by ophthalmologists and 583 patients who underwent mSICS by residents. Basic patient characteristics data, such as: age, sex and pre-surgical VA were recorded and we compared pre- versus post-operative VA (best corrected VA/BCVA) and surgical adverse events in 4 weeks post-operative follow-up. In basic subject characteristics, there were no differences in age and sex between the 2 groups, in which 602 (52.9%) were men and 535 (47.1%) were women. Overall 583 (51.3%) eyes received mSICS and 554 (48,7%) eyes received phacoemulsification. Visual acuity improvement (≥6/18) was achieved in 59.61% of eyes after phacoemulsification and 53.5% eyes after mSICS. There were no statistical differences in visual outcome results between both groups (p=0.10). Severe surgical adverse events (nucleus drop and endophthalmitis) were found in 3 cases (0.26%) and choroidal bleeding in 1 eye (0.08%). The effectiveness of phacoemulsification and mSICS in improving visual acuity was found similar between ophthalmologists and residents. mSICS should be considered for more frequent use in high volume mass cataract surgery.KEYWORDS cataract surgery; phacoemulsification; manual small incision cataract surgery; outreach program; community ophthalmology