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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan
Tangguh Pratysto
STIE IGI Jakarta
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Total Tax Rate and Shadow Economy in ASEAN Countries Tangguh Pratysto
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 21, No 2 (2020): JEP 2020
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v21i2.10302

Abstract

This study investigates a total tax rate and shadow economy in ASEAN from 1991 to 2015. The critical variable in this study is the shadow economy as dependent variables. Then total tax rate, ATMs number per 100,000 adults, deposit interest rate, and GDP deflator as independent variables. Data obtained from the country indicators at the World Bank and Global Economy. The writers use quantitative research methods with the Generalized Least Squares regression model. The result shows that the shadow economy existence. The increase of the total tax rate, the increase of GDP deflator, and the decrease of deposit interest rate on the shadow economy, causing considerable losses to government revenue. This study provides strategic information to policymakers in the tax policy review.
Eradicating Income Inequality in Lower Middle-Income Countries Tangguh Pratysto; Ingrid Panjaitan
Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol 20, No 2 (2019): JEP 2019
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jep.v20i2.8517

Abstract

Studying the distribution of income is an important issue to know what factors which affect to make income distribution more equitable, what factors can be the key to resolving the problem of income inequality, and shortening the distance between the poor and the rich. This paper studies the relationship between human capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, physical capital, fiscal expenditure, gross domestic product growth, and urbanization on income inequality in 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries throughout 1990-2014. The authors estimate the impact of seven independent variables on income inequality as a dependent using Prais-Winsten with the robust model over period 1990-2014 at 52 Lower Middle-Income Countries. The results indicate an increase in human capital (gross school enrollment tertiary) can make the income distribution more even in the long run. The writers conclude that increases in human capital can reduce Gini coefficient and hence make income distribution fairer.
Co-Authors Panjaitan, Ingrid