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KARAKTERISTIK PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Padil Padil
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol 4, No 1 (2016): HUKUM DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mataram

Dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia, Korporasi adalah subjek hukum buatan yang dapat dikenakan pertanggungjawaban pidana sebagai subyek hukum (Rechtpersoon), korporasi bukan hanya diberi kewenangan untuk bertindak seperti individu, tetapi ditambah dengan kebebasan yang besar dalam menjalankan kegiatan ekonomi.Penelitian di lakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dan pendekatan normative dengan melihat ketentuan hukum pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ditemukan bahwa hukum positif di Indonesia mengatur hal yang berkaitan dengan pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi yang relevan dengan kasus-kasus tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan oleh korporasi, namun pada saat itu tidak mengatur pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, oleh karena itu semua kasus yang menggunakan proses peradilan pidana didasarkan pada pertanggungjawaban perorangan yang pada umumnya adalah para pengurus atau pemegang saham atau orang yang memegang peran penting dalam beroperasinya korporasi tersebut, Dengan demikian konstruksi penyidikan dan penuntutan perkara, didasarkan pada perbuatan individu dan tidak berorientasi pada pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi itu sendiri, sehingga korporasi tidak di tuntut ataupun didakwa, padahal korporasi sudah dianggap mampu melakukan tindak pidana, maka semestinya harus dianggap mampu bertanggung jawab sebagaimana pertanggungjawaban orang perorangan, sehingga terlihat penarapan Undang-undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang pelakunya tidak saja orang namun juga korporasi, karena Undang-undang diluar KUHP mengakui manusia (naturlijk persoon) dan korporasi sebagai subjek delik. Kata Kunci : Karakteristik Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi.

Pemurnian Selulosa Alfa Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase Caesari Caesari; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Midrib of palm oil is the most solid wastes which produced in oil palm plantations. Palm midrib is contained of 34.89% α-cellulose content percentage that can be improved with cooking using the extract solution ash of palm empty fruit bunches (Padil, 2010) and continued with the process of purification using xylanase enzyme. Higher content of Cellulose-α can be processed into a more commercially product. Cellulose-α> 92% qualified to be used as the main raw material (nitrocellulose) or making explosives and propellants. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using xylanase enzyme with variations process is temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C), enzyme dose (1, 2 and 3 ml) and the source of the enzyme (Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp so). Purification process operating conditions are: pH 5, time 90 minutes, the solid-solution 1:25. Content of purified cellulose-α increased to 96.60% for variable temperature at 60 ° C, 3 ml dose of enzymes and enzyme xylanase from Aspergillus sp. Keywords : Cellulose Alpha, Palm Midrib, Xylanase Enzyme

Kultivasi Mikroalga Menggunakan Media Af6 Pada Berbagai PH Jelizanur Jelizanur; Padil Padil; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Microalgae cultivation is one technique to grow microalgae in a controlled environment. Cultivation aims to provide a single species in microalgae mass culture for harvesting. This research used AF6 media with a volume of 90 ml and 10 ml of microalgae. The purpose of this research was to cultivate microalgae using AF6 media with variations in pH 4, 6, 8 and types of microalgae namely Chlamydomonnas sp (chl), Chlamydomonnas sp (019), Chlamydomonnas sp (4), Chlamydomonnas sp (5), Chlorella sp (6 ). The results showed that pH had a significant effect on microalgae cultivation. Microalgae Chlorella sp (6) with a combination of treatment pH 8 and observation time of the 10th day was the best treatment of all types of microalgae cultivated that is equal to 0.1255.Keywords: microalgae, AF6 media, pH

Kultivasi Mikroalga Menggunakan Media AF6 Berdasarkan Perbedaan Intensitas Cahaya Nova Diyana Nurhanifah; Padil Padil; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Microalgae cultivation use AF6 media based on light intensity difference has done in this research. Light intensity has an important function in the process of photosynthesis. Optimization of light intensity is expected to increase growth microalgae. In the microalgaecultivation of laboratory scale used light lamp for substitute sunlight. This research purpose for determine the effect of light intensity differences on spesific growth rate on various microalgae cultivated in AF6 media. In this research observations of cell density microalgaechlorella sp. (6) and chlamydomonas sp. (4, 5, 19, chl) at media AF6 on the variation intensity 500 lux, 1.000 lux and 1.500 lux are did with testing the optical density of each microalgae with wavelength of 680 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The research resultexplain specific growth rate and shortest doubling time occurred in the light intensity 1.500 lux. Microalgae which has spesific growth rate and shortest doubling time are microalgae Chlorella sp.with value 0,78/day, and 0,88 day respectively.Keywords: light intensity, density, growth, microalgae

Pemurnian Selulosa-α Hasil Hidrolisis Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase Dengan Variasi pH Dan Sumber Enzim Xylanase Sari D. P; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Midrib palm is one of the waste that produced from palm farming which contain alpha cellulose about 35%. The component of alpha cellulose could be used as a raw material for nitrocellulose if it is has more than 92% of purity. So to increase the purity of alpha cellulose, midrib palm has to be treated by purifying step. In this time, chemical still be choices to be material for purify alpha cellulose, while as we know that chemical has a bad impact for our envirotment. So it is important to search another purifying agent and it is xylanase. Xylanase is one of enzyme that has an ability to break up the link between xylose in xylan. So the purpose of this research are to use xylanase as another purifying agent, to know what is the best pH for this purifying process and to compare the result between two xylanases that produced from different fungi. Before start the purifying step, midrib have to through extraction step to remove all extractive and continue with hydrolisis step by using extraction liquid of palm empty bunch ash. Then after that purifying step can be done at 600C for 1,5 hours by making some differences at pH (4,5 and 6). The highest purity of alpha cellulose was reached at pH 6 by using xylanase from Aspergillus niger about 97,55%. So the conclucion of this research are, the best pH for purifying process by using xylanase is 6 and the best xylanase is the one which produce from Aspergillus niger. Beside that, the use of xylanase which is comes from the same species will be not affected much to the purifying result.Keyword : hydrolisis, midrib palm, xylanase enzyme

Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi Dan Penambahan Volume Enzim terhadap Pemurnian Selulosa-α Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xilanase Dari Trichoderma sp Putri M F; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Palm midrib is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantattions and there is approximately 35% α- cellulosa component. Cellulose which contained in waste palm midrib are very potential to transform into nitrocellulose raw material. Purify of cellulose above 92% can be used to make main propelan raw material or explosive matter. The purpose of this research was to got the best condition of addition from xylanase enzyme and the best time of reaction from purifying α-cellulose palm midrib process as a main nitrocellulose raw material. Palm midrib has to accomplished by several steps of purify such as extraction, hydrolysis, and delignyfication, and then continue to purifying process with xylanase enzyme on 60oc phase, pH 5, ratio of palm midrib: aquadest 1:25 in term of enzyme volume addition and time of reaction variation. The analyst of cellulosa that pass the hidrolysis show the purity α-cellulose is 86,48%. The best condition is able at enzyme volume addition 3 ml and time of reaction 90 menit with the purity of α-celluloseobtained 96,6%. So it can be concluded that α-cellulose of the palm midrib pass purity process used the xylanase enzyme can be used for the manufacture of nitrocellulose.Keyword :α-cellulosa,nitrocellulose, palmmidrib,purification,xylanase enzyme

Pembuatan Nitroselulosa Dari Selulosa Hasil Pemurnian Pelepah Sawit dengan Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan Saragih E; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Nitrocellulose is a polymer used as materials for propellant. Manufacture of nitrocellulose done with cellulose nitration process. Nitration of cellulose is a reaction force substitution or replacement of H+ from –OH- groups in cellulose contained in the NO2+ cluster of nitric acid (HNO3). Cellulose to be used is sourced from waste palm midrib. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best conditions of temperature and time nitration that α- cellulose nitration process to produce nitrocellulose with a high nitrogen content. Palm midrib cellulose purified before entering the nitration process. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After the purification process, the next step is the process of nitration of cellulose with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Nitration process is done with the variation of temperature and reaction time. Nitrocellulose nitrogen levels will be analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best conditions in the nitration process took 30 minutes with the temperature of 90 oC. Nitrogen levels were estimated on nitrocellulose > 12% so it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of propellants. Keywords: FTIR, Nitration, Nitrocellulose, Palm Midrib, Propellants

Kultivasi Mikroalga Menggunakan Media Af6 Berdasarkan Perbedaan Volume Solution A Media Af6 Febrina Adelina Sigalingging; Padil Padil; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Microalgae are microscopic plant organisms that live in waters. Nutrition is one of the important factors for the growth of microalgae. Optimization of nutrition is expected to increase the growth of microalgae. In cultivating laboratory scale microalgae, AF6 media is used as a source of nutrition. One stock of AF6 media material is solution A contains lots of nitrogen. This research purpose for determining the effect of the difference in volume of AF6 media solution A on growth rate and doubling time of various microalgae cultivated in AF6 media. In this research observations of cell density microalgae Chlorella sp. (6) and Chlamydomonas sp. (4, 5, 19, chl) on the volume of solution A media AF6 2, 3 and 4 ml were carried out by UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 680 nm. The results showed that specific growth rate highest and shortest doubling time occurs on the addition of a volume of 4 ml of solution A AF6 media. Microalgae that have a highest specific growth rate and shortest doubling time are Chlamydomonas sp. Microalgae. (19) 0.91/day and 0.75/day, respectively. Therefore, microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. (19) can be cultivated on a commercial scale to be processed into the products we want.Keywords: lipids, microalgae, AF6 media, optical density, solution A

Prarancangan Pabrik 1-Hexana Dari Etilen Menggunakan Proses Alphahexol Dengan Disain Alat Utama Reaktor Oligomerisasi Priska Tantino; Padil Padil
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 8 (2021): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2021
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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1-Hexene is a raw material in plastic production and classified as a linear alpha olefin compound. This compound is used as a co-monomer in the production of polyethylene, manufacture of lubricants, manufacture of surfactants and alcohol. The use of 1-hexene in the production of High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is one of the co-monomers. The need for 1-hexana in Indonesia is increasing over time, but in Indonesia there is no factory that produces 1-hexene. Therefore, the need for 1hexene has increased significantly in 2018. The increasing need for imports will reduce the source of foreign exchange for the country. So that the establishment of the 1-hexene plant can reduce the need for imports and can increase the country's foreign exchange. The location of the 1-hexana factory is planned to be in the RU II Dumai industrial area with a factory capacity of 100,000 tons / year. The main design is an oligomerization reactor (R101) which functions to react ethylene by trimerizing to 1-hexene with a 1-octene as a byproduct. The type of reactor used is a stirred tank flow reactor. The operating conditions in the reactor were 423.15 K and 30 bar. Plant economic analysis is carried out to determine the feasibility of the factory to be built. Based on the results of the economic feasibility analysis of the factory, the 1-hexana plant is feasible to build with a PBB of 2 years, an IRR of 22.7433%, an ROI of 39.388%, and a BEP of 54%. Keywords: 1-Hexene, Alphahexol, Analysis economic feasibility of plant, Ethylene.

Proses Pemurnian Selulosa Pelepah Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Nitrolesulosa Dengan Variasi pH Dan Konsentrasi H2O2 Rianto Harpendi; Padil Padil; Yelmida Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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One of the raw materials for propellant or explosive double base type is nitrocellulose. Availability of cellulose which is the main component of biomass is very abundant in Indonesia, particularly solid waste palm oil industry. With cellulose content of 34.89%, palm midrib is one solid waste palm with potential to be used as the main raw material cellulose. Purity cellulose levels that must be achieved to produce nitrocellulose propellant as raw material is more than 92%. So as to improve the purity of the cellulose in the palm midrib must be purified using hydrogen peroxide, which is initiated by the hydrolysis with EFB ash extract. Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that can be used for the bleaching process, because this compound is more environmentally friendly than chlorine. The purpose of this is to obtain the best conditions to obtain cellulose purity of more than 92%. The bleaching process is done by varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) and pH (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). Pulp composition analysis of purified cellulose. Obtained the best process conditions is the concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide and pH 9 with 95.11% purity cellulose. Keywords : Palm Midrib, Bleaching, Hydrogen Peroxide, Cellulose

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