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Moshood Mustapha
Dept. of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science

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Do fish have rights in artisanal fisheries? Moshood Mustapha
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Artisanal fishers in developing world are unaware that fish are capable of suffering or discomfort, though researches have shown that fish do feel pain. Five fish welfare domains have been identified which constitute their rights in their environment. The needs of wild fish are usually provided in their natural, undisturbed and unperturbed aquatic environment, of which the fish will prefer. However, various anthropogenic activities by humans (including artisanal fisheries itself) and some natural perturbations in the watershed, riparian zone, water body of the fish habitat and on the fish tend to take away these needs thereby compromising the fish welfare. These activities include environmental degradation, boat/canoe building, use of motorized engine boats/canoes, use of active and passive fishing gears, obnoxious cultural, religious and social fishing practices, fish harvesting, handling and processing among others. One way to understand the welfare needs of an individual fish is to understand its biology. Poor welfare conditions could then be assessed by how far the individual fish has deviated from the normal conditions. Non-intrusive signs based on the health, behavior, morphological anomalies, swimming, reduction in population and growth, outbreak of parasitic infections, injuries and loss of condition can be used to assess fish whose welfare has been compromised. Artisanal fishers should not only be concerned with catch, but, also the welfare of the fish being caught. This is because if the welfare of the fish is compromised, it is going to definitely affect the catch. As indispensable as fish is to humans, humans should not derive its pleasure at the expense of fish suffering. Human activities that impinge on the welfare of wild fish may not necessarily be stopped, but at least minimized in order to have continued sustainable artisanal exploitation of the fisheries. Keywords: welfare, artisanal fisheries, developing world, stress, behaviour, feel, habitat
Copper Toxicity of Four Different Aquaculture Ponds Moshood Mustapha; Joshua Taiwo Agunloye
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.04

Abstract

> Copper is a nutritional trace element for fish which could be deficient or toxic. Copper concentrations from four aquaculture ponds were analyzed for 12 weeks using Bicinchoninate method. Alkalinity was measured using colorimetric method with the aid of Hanna Multiparameter Bench Photometer. Temperature and pH of the ponds was measured in situ using Hanna Portable pH/EC/TDS/Temp combined waterproof tester. All measurementswere done I triplicates. Copper concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 mg/L, alkalinity ranged from 105 to 245mg/L. Weeks 1 and 12 recorded the highest and lowest Cu2+ concentrations, while lowest and highest alkalinity were obtained in weeks 1 and 12 respectively in all the ponds. Temperature and pH ranged from 29.1 to 35.9°C and 6.35 to 8.03. The trend of copper concentrations in the ponds was Natural > Earthen > Concrete > Collapsible, with concentration slightly above the normal in the ponds. This could have come from the pipes used in delivering water to the pond, copper alloy nets and mesh used in the ponds, anti-fouling agents, algaecides, water source and fish meal. Effect of elevated copper was seen in the morphology and behavior of Clarias gariepinus which include slimy mucus on the skin, aggressive and uncoordinated swimming with the opercula flared, slow growth, reduced odor perception of food and water bubbles on the ponds. Copper should be regularly bio monitored to determine toxicity in fish.
Co-Authors Joshua Taiwo Agunloye