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Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Karies Baru dengan Pendekatan Kariogram pada Pasien Anak di Klinik Kedokteran Gigi Anak RSGMP Prof. Soedomo Yogyakarta Putri Kusuma Wardani; Al Supartinah; Indah Titien S; SB Sri Rantinah; Emut Lukito; Rinaldi Budi Utomo; Sri Kuswandari
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2012): December
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Latar belakang. Faktor risiko karies adalah faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian karies pada individu dan populasi. Faktor risiko karies berbeda antar individu. Untuk menggambarkan interaksi antara faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies digunakan kariogram. Tujuan. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran urutan faktor risiko karies dengan pendekatan kariogram pada pasien anak di klinik Kedokteran Gigi Anak RSGMP Prof. Soedomo. Metode. Subjek terdiri dari 26 anak dalam periode gigi-geligi bercampur. Dilakukan pemeriksaan tentang pengalaman karies, riwayat penyakit sistemik, frekuensi makan, skor plak, aktivitas Streptococcus mutans, volume sekresi saliva, pH saliva dan program fluoridasi. Hasil pemeriksaan dianalisis menggunakan program kariogram. Hasil. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase faktor bakteri adalah 21,1%, faktor pola makan: 18,1%, faktor kerentanan gigi: 16,1% dan faktor lain-lain: 9,5%. Kesimpulan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa urutan faktor risiko karies dengan pendekatan kariogram adalah bakteri, pola makan, kerentanan gigi dan faktor lain-lain. Background. Caries risk factor is factor related with caries incidence in individu and population. The caries risk factor is different between individu. For illustrating the interaction between caries related factors may be used cariogram. Aim. The aim of this research was to find out the sequence of caries risk factors from cariogram on children patients at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Prof. Soedomo dental hospital. Method. Subjects were comprised 26 children in the periode of mixed dentition. Examinations were included: experience of caries, the history of systemic disease, daily meal frequency, plaque scoring, activity of Streptococcus mutans, the volume of saliva secretion, pH of saliva, and the participations of fluoridation program. The examination result were analyzed with programme cariogram. Result. The result showed that the mean of percentage bacteria factor was 21,1%, meal pattern factor: 18,1%, susceptible teeth factor: 16,1% and others factors 9,5%. Conclusion. It could be concluded that the sequence of caries risk factors from cariogram were bacteria, meal pattern, susceptible teeth and others factors.

Maturasi dan erupsi gigi permanen pada anak periode gigi pergantian (The maturition and eruption of permanent teeth in mixed dentition children) Sri Kuswandari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 2 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Tooth eruption might used as predictor of child age when the chronologic age is unknown. Beside the dental maturity, tooth eruption is also influenced by some factors, such as caries and tooth extraction. Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship of maturity and eruption of permanent teeth with chronologic age in mixed dentition period children. Methods: The subjects were patients of Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital Pediatric Dental Clinic, consist of 38 boys and 39 girls in the aged of 6-12 years. The tooth eruption data was taken by counting the permanent teeth in intra oral examination. The dental maturity was assessed by Dermijian method from dental panoramic radiology. The data were statistical analyzed by regresion-correlation and t-test program of SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results: Maturation of permanent teeth in each of age group was more advanced in girls than boys. However, only groups of 7, 8 and 11 years were showed significant different (p<0.05), while for tooth eruption there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The coefficient correlation between tooth eruption, chronologic age and dental maturation scores were relative high, between 0.75–0.86 (p<0.01). The contribution of chronologic age and dental maturation to predict tooth eruption (R2) were 58–73.6%. The Dermijian method predicted age 0.83 years higher. Conclusion: There were close relationship between chronologic age, Dermijian method dental maturity, and eruption of permanen tooth, and could be used as predictor for eruption of permanent teeth in the mixed dentition period children. The Dermijian method predicted 0.83 years older than the chronologic age.Latar belakang: Erupsi gigi sering digunakan untuk memperkirakan umur anak. Selain maturasi gigi, erupsi gigi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor, seperti karies dan pencabutan gigi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hubungan antara maturasi dan erupsi gigi permanen dengan umur pada anak periode gigi bercampur. Metode: Subjek terdiri atas 38 anak laki-laki dan 39 anak perempuan berumur 5,98–11,90 tahun pasien klinik Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Anak Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Prof. Soedomo, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penghitungan jumlah gigi permanen yang telah erupsi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan klinis. Penentuan maturitas gigi metode Dermijian dilakukan dengan rontgen panoramik. Analisis statistik dengan regresi korelasi dan uji t program SPSS 16,0 for Windows. Hasil: Maturasi gigi permanen pada anak perempuan tiap kelompok umur lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada anak laki-laki, tetapi hanya pada kelompok umur 7, 8 dan 11 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) erupsi gigi antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Koefisisen korelasi antar erupsi gigi, umur kronologis, skor maturasi gigi cukup tinggi, yaitu 0,75–0,86 (p<0,01). Kontribusi umur kronologis dan maturasi gigi dalam memprediksi erupsi gigi (R2) berkisar > 58–73,6%. Metode Dermijian memprediksi umur 0,83 tahun lebih tinggi. Simpulan: Antara umur kronologis, maturasi gigi metode Dermijian dan erupsi gigi berhubungan erat, dan merupakan prediktor yang baik bagi erupsi gigi pada anak periode gigi bercampur. Metode Dermijian memprediksi 0,83 tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur kronologis.

Effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel Amaliyah Nur Irianti; Sri Kuswandari; Al Supartinah Santoso
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 54 No. 2 (2021): June 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p78-81

Background: Demineralisation and remineralisation is a natural process in tooth enamel. It is influenced by the content of calcium and phosphorus in saliva, which concentrations are affected by the consumption of food, including formula milk. Demineralisation and remineralisation determine the roughness and hardness of the enamel surface. Purpose: This study compared the effect of formula milk on the roughness and hardness of tooth enamel. Methods: Maxillary premolar extracted teeth were demineralised with 37% phosphoric acid for 90 seconds and then divided into four treatment groups. For four days, the teeth were immersed twice a day in cow formula for five and ten minutes (Group I and II) and soy formula for five and ten minutes (Group III and IV). Before and after the immersion in milk, the teeth were submerged in artificial saliva. The enamel surface roughness and hardness were measured three times using a surface roughness tester and a Vickers microhardness tester, before and after demineralisation and after immersion in milk. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was no significant difference (p=0.88) observed in the roughness reduction among the treatment groups. The highest increase in hardness was noted for the ten-minute cow formula milk group (93.27 ± 16.00). The increase of hardness was higher after immersion for ten minutes. A substantial difference (p=0.03) was seen in the increase of hardness between the treatment groups. Conclusion: Immersion in cow and soy formula milk for five and ten minutes does not reduce the enamel roughness, but it increases the enamel hardness.

Effects of tooth preparation on the microleakage of fissure sealant Gesti Kartiko Sari; Sri Kuswandari; Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p67-70

Background: Fissure sealing can be achieved by preparing and sealing the deep pits and fissures in the teeth with a sealant to prevent caries. Fissure sealing is performed using resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and failure is most often due to weak adhesion between the material and the tooth, resulting in microleakage. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of a preparation technique with bur and acid application on potential RMGIC fissure sealant microleakage. Methods: Twenty-four extracted maxillary premolars were divided into four treatment groups. Group 1 underwent enameloplasty with a round bur and application of 37% phosphoric acid; group 2 with a tapered bur and 37% phosphoric acid; group 3 with a round bur and 10% polyacrylic acid; and group 4 with a tapered bur and 10% polyacrylic acid. The application of 37% phosphoric acid was carried out for 15 seconds, while 10% polyacrylic acid was applied for 20 seconds, before RMGIC filling. The teeth were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours, then thermocycled 100 times at 5°C and 55°C for 20 seconds each. The teeth were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours at 37°C, then cut crosswise. The length of the microleakage was observed with a stereo microscope at 8 times magnification and measured using raster image application. Data was analysed with one-way ANOVA. Results: Significant differences were found between treatment groups (F=562.14; p<0.05). The deepest mean microleakage was in the round bur and 10% polyacrylic acid group (1657.87 ± 78.08) and the shallowest was in the round bur and 37% phosphoric acid group (500.70 ± 38.55). Conclusion: The preparation method, type of bur and acid solution have an effect on microleakage potential of RMGIC fissure sealing. Round bur preparation and 37% phosphoric acid resulted in shallow microleakage.

Differences of anteroposterior facial dimensions in male and female children on intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition using Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index Ica Listania; Sri Kuswandari; Putri Kusuma Wardani Mahendra
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 33, No 3 (2021): November
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol33no3.30947

Introduction: Cervical vertebrae are one of the indicators for craniofacial bones maturation. Timing of craniofacial bone maturation determined achievement of orthodontic early treatment. Some previous researchers recommended cervical vertebral maturation to assess craniofacial growth. This study was aimed to analyse the differences of anteroposterior facial dimensions in male and female children on intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition using Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Index (CVMI). Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on the students of Islamic Elementary School (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) in Depok district, Sleman, Yogyakarta, from July 2019 to January 2020. Subjects consisted of 22 males and 22 females aged 8-11 years, obtained by a consecutive sampling technique. The anteroposterior facial analysis was performed on the lateral cephalometry for measuring the distance of Sella turcica to Nasion (S-N) representing the anterior cranial base, Posterior Nasal Spine to Anterior Nasal Spine (PNS-ANS) representing the maxilla and Gonion-Menton (Go-Me) and Condylion-Gnathion (Co-Gn) represents the mandible. Assessment of CVMI was decided by the Hassel and Farman methods. Data were analysed by One Way ANOVA. Results: The mean value of S-N, PNS-ANS, Go-Me, and Co-Gn dimensions, generally were higher in males than females; however, only dimensions of maxillary and mandibular were showed significant difference (p<0.05), while the S-N dimension was not significantly different (p>0.05). At the interval of CVMI 3 and 4, the Go-Me and Co-Gn dimensions showed a significant difference (p<0.05) both in males and females. Conclusion: There was a difference in anteroposterior dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular in cervical vertebral maturation in children with intermediate mixed and early permanent dentition, however, no difference was found in the anterior cranial base.

Comparison of antibacterial activity inhibitory of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil, Cresophene®, and Calcium hydroxide Fajar Dwi Anggono; Sri Kuswandari
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 29, No 1 (2017): March 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil is a natural antibacterial product containing thymoquinone. Thymoquinone is a powerful antibacterial substance towards gram-positive bacteria. The research objective was to compare the inhibitory effects of black cumin oil, Cresophene® and Ca(OH)2 towards the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Experimental laboratory by taking Staphylococcus aureus from deciduous teeth pulp necrosis that has been isolated in Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. Inhibitory of black cumin oil, Cresophene® and Ca(OH)2 were measured by making three different 6 mm diameter wells contained each substances. Data then analyzed by two-way ANOVA using statistical analysis program. Results: Cresophene® had the largest inhibitory zone with the average zone was 32 ± 0.05mm and stable from the 1st day until the 4th day then decreased on the 5th day and remain stable until the 7th day. Ca(OH)2 had average inhibitory zone of 15.9 ± 0:10 mm and remain stable from the 1st day until the 7th day. Black cumin oil had average inhibitory zone of ± 7.9 ± 0.2 mm and remain stable from the 1st day until the 7th day. Conclusion: The inhibitory zone towards Staphylococcus aureus isolated from deciduous teeth pulp necrosis consecutively was Cresophene®, Ca(OH)2 and black cumin oil.Keywords: Staphylococus aureus, Black cumin oil, Cresophene®, Ca(OH)2, Inhibitory zone

Oral Candidiasis Management in a Child with Pacifier Sucking Habit: A Case Report Nuraeni Hartati; Anrizandy Narwidina; Sri Kuswandari
e-GiGi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): e-GiGi
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/eg.v12i1.49271

Abstract: Oral candidiasis is a widely known mucosal fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida species. Children and infants are highly more susceptible to Candida infection than adults. We report an oral candidiasis case in a 5-year-old girl with white spots on her lips and tongue. When the white spots were scrapped off, they would be detached leaving red patches on the mucosal surfaces. The patient had pacifier sucking habit and tended to place the pacifier everywhere carelessly. Previously, the patient was treated at a primary healthcare center and received nystatin therapy. However, there was no improvement at all after the therapy. Based on her current and historical conditions, the patient was diagnosed as oral candidiasis, and in this case nystatin administration was ineffective. Therefore, the patient required better oral hygiene management, and the medication given was a gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid. A week after using the gargle without using pacifier anymore, white spots had disappeared, and oral hygiene had improved. Re-control was conducted one month after the first visit and no Candida infection was detected. In conclusion, gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid associated with better dental and oral hygiene is effective to treat oral candidiasis in children. Keywords: oral candidiasis; children; pacifier sucking habit; gargle containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid

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