Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Ideology, Humanity, and Freedom in Ha Jin’s Waiting Hasnul Insani Djohar
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Volume 5 Number 1, Nov 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v5i1.17304

This paper examines how Ha Jin’s Waiting challenges the Maoist communist regime by depicting the protagonist, Lin, as struggling to fight for his rights to live freely. The Maoist regime successfully establishes “normalizing power” in a society to lead the protagonist to believe that the goal of his life is mainly for working hard for the military institution and the regime, instead of establishing his freedom. As a result, Lin loses his senses of humans, such as love and empathy, and lives with selfishness and ignorance as to the way the Maoist discourse teaches him through Mao’s red book. By engaging with cultural studies, this paper investigates how Jin’s Waiting challenges Maoist ideology by both celebrating and critiquing the idea of capitalism, which likely perpetuates communism. Thus, this paper discovers how Ha Jin’s novel challenges communist ideologies and totalitarian rules by illuminating social disorder and loses of sense of humanity. Indeed, individuals live under oppression and they are like a prisoner who is suffering from being judged and punished by totalitarian regimes and dominant society. Hence, the significance of this research is to help to reduce any forms of oppression experienced by many ethnic-Americans who have suffered from the totalitarian rulers that have ruled society, especially in the era of communism, colonialism, and global capital transnationalism.

The Power of Hegemonic Classes in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Hasnul Insani Djohar
Buletin Al-Turas Vol 19, No 2 (2013): Buletin Al-Turas
Publisher : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Topik dari tulisan ini adalah untuk membahas kajian budaya dengan berfokus pada hegemoni budaya, memperkenalkan gagasan dari kelompok yang berkuasa untuk mengontrol masyarakat. Tulisan ini akan mengangkat isu bagaimana kelas-kelas yang menguasai hidup pada tahun 1920an. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis The Great Gatsby karya Scott Fitgerald untuk menyimpulkan tentang gambaran kelas dan kekuatan aristrokrasi untuk mendominasi kelompok yang tidak berkuasa, dengan menggunakan kajian budaya, dari teori hegemoni Antonio Gramci. Secara khusus, penelitian ini berfokus pada perjuangan Jay Gatsby untuk menghadapi hegemoni kelompok aristokratik, yang kekuasaannya sangat berpengaruh. Dalam cerita tersebut, kelompok kaya baru, yang diwakili oleh Jay Gatsby, hidup di daerah West Egg, sementara kelompok aristokratik, yang diwakili oleh Tom Buchanan, tinggal di East Egg. Tom selalu menjadi pemenang karena dia datang dari kelompok aristokratik, yang keluarganya sangat berpengaruh. Oleh karena itu, Gatsby selalu kalah dalam persaingan melawan Tom walaupun sebesar apapun Gatsby berkuasa. Dengan mempelajari perjuangan Gatsby dalam novel ini, kita mendapatkan sebuah pemahaman yang lebih baik bagaimana kelompok yang lemah, bukan hanya di masyarakat Amerika, tetapi juga masyarakat lain di dunia juga akan berjuang untuk berkompetisi dengan kelompok aristrokratik.---AbstractThe topic of this paper is the pursuit of cultural studies focusing on cultural Hegemony, introduces the notion of the dominant groups’ power to control society. It will also raise the issue of how hegemonic classes live in 1920s. The objective is to analyze, using cultural studies, Antonio Gramsci’s Hegemony, Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby in order to come to some conclusions about depictions of aristocratic classes and powers in order to dominate powerless groups. Specifically, the research focuses on Jay Gatsby’s struggles to face the hegemony of aristocratic groups, whose affluent supremacy. In the story, the new moneyed group, represented by Jay Gatsby, lives in West Egg while the aristocratic group, represented by Tom Buchanan, lives in East Egg. Tom is always the winner because he comes from the aristocratic groups, whose prestigious family. Therefore, Gatsby always loses compete against Tom no matter how hard Gatsby tries. By learning Gatsby’s struggle in this novel, we gain a better understanding of how other powerless groups, not only in American society, but also other society in the world, who also struggle to compete with the aristocratic groups.

FOLKTALES AND RITES OF PASSAGE IN RANDA JARRAR'S A MAP OF HOME Hasnul Insani Djohar
POETIKA Vol 7, No 2 (2019): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v7i2.51160

This paper examines the struggle of American-Muslim women to negotiate their identities in literary works published after the invasion of Iraq (20 March-1 May 2003). In this case, I examine Randa Jarrar’s A Map of Home (2008) in order to investigate how Jarrar both negotiates her identity through folktales, naming, and rites of passages. By engaging with postcolonial studies, and working within the frameworks of cultural studies, this paper aims to investigate aesthetic strategies that Jarrar (Egyptian-Palestinian-American) deploys in her writing. Jarrar also respects her Muslim intellectual forebears, such as Muhammad al-Ghazali (Iran), Muhyiddin al-Arabi (Spain), and Jalaluddin Rumi (Turkey), by emulating their tendency to combine in their writings allusions to the Qur’an, ancient storytelling traditions, and contemporary social issues in order to engage with their readers. In doing so, Jarrar uses folktales, naming, and rites of passages to question American belonging and eurocentrism in her fiction. These techniques enable Jarrar to reveal her multiple and complex identities and work to represent both her pride in being Muslims and her desire to claim her rights as American citizens of Muslim descent. Keywords: Randa Jarrar, A Map of Home, folktales, Rites of Passages, US-Muslim women’s literature Artikel ini membahas perjuangan perempuan Amerika-Muslim untuk menegosiasikan identitas mereka dalam karya sastra yang diterbitkan setelah invasi ke Irak (20 Maret-1 Mei 2003). Dalam hal ini, saya meneliti Randa Jarrar's A Map of Home (2008) untuk menyelidiki bagaimana Jarrar menegosiasikan identitasnya dan menentang orientalisme di sepanjang novelnya. Dengan menggunakan studi postkolonial dan studi budaya, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki strategi estetika yang Jarrar (Mesir-Palestina-Amerika) gunakan dalam tulisannya. Jarrar juga menghormati leluhur intelektual Muslimnya, seperti Muhammad al-Ghazali (Iran), Muhyiddin al-Arabi (Spanyol), dan Jalaluddin Rumi (Turki), dengan meniru kecenderungan mereka untuk menggabungkan dalam tulisan-tulisan mereka kiasan Alquran, kuno tradisi mendongeng, dan masalah sosial kontemporer untuk menarik pembaca mereka. Dalam hal ini, Jarrar juga menggunakan dongeng, penamaan, dan ritus-ritus untuk mempertanyakan kepemilikan Amerika dan Eurosentrisme dalam fiksinya. Teknik-teknik ini memungkinkan Jarrar untuk mengungkapkan identitasnya yang beragam dan kompleks yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan kebanggaannya sebagai Muslim dan keinginannya untuk mengklaim hak-haknya sebagai warga negara Amerika keturunan Muslim. Kata kunci: Randa Jarrar, A Map of Home, cerita rakyat, ritus peralihan, sastra Muslimah-Amerika

Gender and Animals in Elif Şafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World Novel Hasnul Insani Djohar; Rifa Fajri Adhania
Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization Vol 5, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/skijic.v5i2.2387

This article examines the representation of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system in Elif Șafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World (2019) novel. It also evaluates how the novel describes the sufferings and the resistance towards oppression through the portrayal of animals subtly linked to gender issues. The approach used in this research is qualitative and presented in descriptive form. The data is collected through phrases referring to animals supporting or resisting the patriarchal authority. This study was framed by the animal metaphor theory and theory of the patriarchal structures proposed by Sylvia Walby (1990). The result of the study discovered that Elif Șafak uses five animal expressions to represent women's sufferings, powerlessness, and lack of freedom, such as wild animal, ram and lamb, pigeon, duck, and rabbits. Contrary, the superior position of men is represented by the mosquito. On the other hand, the wolf is the only animal metaphor that expresses society's opposition to patriarchal power. Meanwhile, bird and butterfly serve as symbols of freedom. However, this study also discovered that there are six animal metaphors formulated against the system that are also subject to oppression and exploitation, such as cat, deer, blue betta fish, horse, turtle, and spider. All in all, almost all the characters depicted as animals in the novel are victims of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system and gender issues covering all six aspects of Walby's theory.

EXISTENTIALISM IN THE WORST PERSON IN THE WORLD MOVIE Putri Oktavianti; Nina Farlina; Hasnul Insani Djohar
PARADIGM: Journal of Language and Literary Studies Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Paradigm: Journal of Language and Literary Studies
Publisher : Department of English Literature, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/prdg.v5i2.17748

The difficulty to find meanings of existence and life is a piece of ourselves. Studying existentialism through a movie is suitable for people in general—who in most cases suffer from an existential crisis. This study focuses on the two main protagonists from the movie The Worst Person in the World (2021). To conduct this research, a descriptive qualitative methodology is adopted—in which the two main characters' words and behaviors are the first things to look at while examining existentialism concepts. The data is described based on the existentialism theories of Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, and Albert Camus. As shown in this study, Aksel entered the ethical stage by taking several long-term commitments, whereas Julie had lived her life in both the aesthetic and ethical stages. Due to Aksel's persistent anxiety about death, he chose to rely on ephemeral things to survive. The absurdity in the movie depicted Julie's anxieties. By exploring the similarities and contrasts of Julie and Aksel's existentialism concepts, we can better understand that human beings are unable to avoid the anguish and uncertainty in life. To deal with it is to learn more about ourselves and the most significant thing is to acknowledge a higher authority than oneself—which is God.

Absurdism and Superstitions: Islamic Perspectives in Albert Camus’s The Plague Hasnul Insani Djohar
NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching Vol. 14 No. 1 (2023): APRIL
Publisher : English Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/NOBEL.2023.14.1.84-101

Many scholars discussing the pandemic issues tend to use Western perspectives. To question this hegemony, this paper investigates Albert Camus’s The Plague (1947) by using Islamic perspectives to challenge the dominant views in evaluating literary canon and pandemic studies. By engaging with postcolonialism and pandemic studies with the frameworks of Islamic studies, this research investigates what differences in pandemic issues are explored in Camus’s novel and how Islam advocates for Muslims to deal with the pandemic problems. The focus of this novel is mainly on European culture and perspectives, although the setting of the novel is Algeria, which is one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. Thus, it is essential to apply the Islamic perspectives in investigating this novel to understand how Islam encourages Muslims to believe and worship God as a way of living instead of being atheists, selfish, and hedonists, as this novel reveals. This research found that the author uses the ideas of absurdism, isolation, and superstitions by depicting the characters as struggling to face the bubonic plague. However, the characters still live in atheism and believe in superstitions instead of worshipping God as Islam advocates.

Rewriting '9/11 or US invation of Iraq' Traumatic Memories in Shaila Abdullah's Saffron Dreams Hasnul Insani Djohar
Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Insaniyat Journal of Islam and Humanities
Publisher : Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v7i2.29328

This paper examines how the US-Pakistani Muslimahs or Muslim women live in the US after US Invasion of Iraq (2003) in Shaila Abdullah’s Saffron Dreams (2009). In the novel, Abdullah depicts her characters as victims of the 9/11 attacks to challenge US dominance in 9/11 narratives, which tend to show how the US becomes the victim, instead of the perpetrator of the US invasion of Iraq. By engaging with postcolonialism and 9/11 studies, this paper questions US anti-Muslim racism, which tends to associate Muslims with terrorism by exploring the ideas of trauma of being attacked by US extremists. This paper found that Abdullah’s Saffron Dreams depicts US Pakistani Muslimah struggling to seek social justice and US belonging. In doing so, this novel resists anti-Muslim racism by depicting its protagonists as facing several trauma, which is ironically continued by her next generation, who is suffering from multiple born defect representing their endless traumatic experiences living in the US after US invasion of Iraq. By exploring US-Pakistani-Muslimah stories, this novel suggests how the Pakistani Muslim diaspora not only struggles to live in the US after the US invasion of Iraq but also faces multiple trauma, especially being attacked by US extremists. This multiple trauma work to question US-trauma centric in dominant narratives. Thus, it is important to investigate traumatic stories from marginal experiences to undermine dominant narratives, which tend to exclude marginal memories after US invasion of Iraq from US belonging.

Islamic Values and Education in Sufiya Ahmed’s Secrets of the Henna Girl Annisa Nur Chaliza; Hasnul Insani Djohar
Muslim English Literature Vol 1, No 2 (2022): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v1i2.27914

This research examines how Sufiya Ahmed’s Secrets of Henna Girl challenges patriarchal practices by depicting the female character as struggling to fight for their rights through Islamic values and education. By using qualitative methods and close textual analysis, this research examines how the novel opposes to patriarchal culture and the misconception of Islam as a religion that supports discrimination against women. Indeed, the novel uses literary devices to portray patriarchal culture with the following aspects: the female characters experience patriarchal abuse by depicting men as Tiger King represents powerful men. Secondly, the female characters deal with patriarchal system by depicting women as witches representing powerful women. Thirdly, women experienced patriarchal abuse are depicted through the metaphor of glass vases and sacrificed lambs. Fourthly, the characters are depicted as a drama queen if they pursue their educations and careers. Although this novel is seemingly depicted women as the victims of patriarchal system, they are able to resist this system by using Islamic tenets and values, especially the Quran and hadiths. Furthermore, it is found that even though the female characters receive so many patriarchal practices, the novel can depict them as resisting patriarchy through education and Islamic values. Thus, the novel uses Qur’an, hadith, and Islamic teachings as a way to resist the misconception of Islam as a religion that supports discrimination against women.

Women and Nature in Homeira Qaderi's Dancing in the Mosque: An Afghan Mother's Letter to Her Son Sri Nurul Apriatin; Hasnul Insani Djohar
Muslim English Literature Vol 1, No 1 (2022): Muslim English Literature
Publisher : UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/mel.v1i1.26446

This study explores the relationship between gender and nature in Homeira Qaderi’s Dancing in the Mosque: An Afghan Mother's Letter to Her Son (2020). By engaging with gender studies and ecofeminism, this study aims to evaluate the aesthetic strategies that the author uses to portray the impact of the patriarchal system on Afghanistan Muslim women in Qaderi’s memoir. This paper discovers how the protagonist, Homeira, is depicted as the victim of a male-dominated system in multiple aspects of her life. Indeed, the memoir depicts gender discrimination and gender stereotyping that affected Homeira's life as a marginalized person for decades. Furthermore, Homeira realizes that she should become a pioneer in empowering women to resist the patriarchal system in her country through many symbols, including the symbols of nature, as literary devices. Arguably, within the patriarchal ideology, several values of nature and women as the feminine aspect are seemingly used to oppress women because of the biological aspect of women as reproducing, nurturing, and breastfeeding. To challenge this female oppression, the author uses the symbol of nature, such as wings, birds, phoenix, and spiders, to depict how Homeira’s struggles to achieve her freedom and gender justice. Indeed, the author also uses the symbol of books and stories to reveal how Homeira struggles to achieve higher education. Thus, Qaderi’s memoir complicates the ideas of gender and nature to undermine the patriarchal system in her memoir set in Afghanistan and the US.

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 9 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 9 Documents
Search