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STUDI SIKUENSTRATIGRAFI BERDASARKAN HASIL ANALISIS DATA PALINOLOGI PADA SUMUR Y, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Ramadhan, Rizki; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Panuju, Panuju
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Palynology is a study of biostratigraphy for determining relative age and depositional environment basedon the abundance of palynomorf. Palynology study develompent in Indonesia is still could be more increasedalong with more oil and gas exploration moved to transitional environtment.Study of palynology in stratigraphy is aiming to determine relative age and depositional environment.Besides, palynology could also determine sequence stratigraphy in a large scale of study based on palynomorfpercentage. The study of sequence stratigraphy based on palynomorf percentage has been done in Well-Y, SouthSumatra basin.The method of this research is descriptive method through the microscopic observation on sample 1 - 14from 1400 m depth Y-Wellâs cutting and quantitative method calculation and analysis method from thisobservation and calcuation could determine the percentage of each palynomorf. This percentage lead to a trendthen interpretated into several sequencestratigraphy.From this observation, it can be determined characteristic zone of this well. The characteristic zone ofpalynology in this well is divided into 3 zones of palynology; Proxapertites operculatus Zone, Flocshuetziameridionalis Zone, and Stenoclaeniidites papuanus Zone. Each zone shows the characteristic of age fromEocene to Pliocene and also depositional environment from delta plain to pro delta. From palynomorfpercentage trend, we may also see the pattern of sequece stratigraphy works in this depth. The percentage trendshows the time whether sea level fall at the minimum percentage of palynomorf and sea level rise at themaximum percentage of palynomorf. The trend shows the sequence with sequence boundary lying in the startand the end of the sequence and also transgressive surface indicates the sea level start rise. Overall, this wellhas 5 sequences based on this trend; sequence a, sequence b, sequence c, sequence d, and sequence e and all thesequences are bordered by sequence boundary.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR DAN TEKTONIK DALAM PREDIKSI POTENSI COALBED METHANE SEAM PANGADANG-A, DI LAPANGAN âDIPAâ, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN, KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN Pratiwi, Ragil; Nugroho, Hadi; Widiarso, Dian Agus; Lesmana, Rana
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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The increasing of oil and gas and energy crisis nowadays has been causing the explorationist look forthe new energy sources such as gas in shale and coal which more environmentally friendly. SouthSumatera Basin is one of Indonesian Basin which has a large potency with 183 tcf. Methane gas isstored in natural fracture of coalbeds called cleat. Cleat was produced during coalification andtectonism process.The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of structures and tectonism processes towards theCBM potency in an area. The research methods were done by desciptive and analysis methods.Descriptive method was done by describing secondary data which contain rock mass data, andanalyzing method was done by analyzing subsurface data consist of seismic and wireline log. Thosedata were used to determine the sweetspot area and calculate gas in place in target zone of CBM.Based on geologic structure analysis, primary orientation trends which configure geologic structuresis northeast-southwest, it is a Compression Phase of Miocene-Recent. This stress configured sincline,sinistral strike-slip fault, and normal faults in tensional phase. The interesting area of CBMexploration or sweetspot area located in the northeast area, with normal faults which control fracturepermeability reach 12,22 mD, high thickness reach 14 â 18 feet (4,7 â 6 meter), and CBM targetdepth of < 6000 feet (2000 meter), and gas in place calculation reach 0,742 tcf. Completiontechniques for CBM target in study area with relatively low permability are hydraulic fracturingcompletion and horizontal well with direction of well is relatively northeast-southwest whichperpendicular with face cleat.Â

ANALISIS PETROFISIKA DENGAN METODE DETERMINISTIK DAN PROBABILISTIK SERTA PERHITUNGAN VOLUME HIDROKARBON DENGAN METODE WELL BASIS PADA SUMUR MG-04 DI STRUKTUR MUSI, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN PT. PERTAMINA EP REGION SUMATERA Sari, Mega; Nugroho, Hadi; Hidajat, Wahju Krisna; Satriawan, Oki
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Well logging is a measurement technique to obtain the subsurface data using instrument inserted intowellbore, to evaluate formation and rock characteristics identification beneath the surface. Formation evaluationaims to identify zones of reservoir rock, formation fluid type, and to obtain petrophysical parameters of reservoirrocks such as shale volume, rock porosity, permeability, water saturation at the research area, the well MG-04 weredrilled in the Musi Structure, South Sumatra Basin, PT. Pertamina EP. The purpose of this research is identifying productive layer on an exploration well in Musi Structure, SouthSumatra Basin. In addition, to determine the value of petrophysical rock parameters which recorded in a log curvesgenerated during logging and calculating the volume of hydrocarbon in exploration well as a consideration, priorto further exploration and exploitation. This research using descriptive methods and petrophysical analysis. The descriptive method includesliterature study of the basics concept on determining rock petrophysical parameters to be used. The analyticalmethod using deterministic and probabilistic method to determine petrophysical parameters, also âwell basisâmethod to calculate the volume of hydrocarbons. Based on wireline logs analysis, well MG-04 known has two reservoir zones, namely oil reservoir in zone 2and gas reservoirs in zone 4. In zone 2, the reservoir rock is shaly sandstone with little amount of glauconite. Inzone 4, the reservoir rock is limestone, so this is a necessary to analyze the shaly sandstone with different methodsto the interpretation of limestone to obtain the correct value of petrophysical parameters. After calculation ofpetrophysical parameters in deterministic and probabilistical way with âwet-clayâ models, obtained two log plotmodels that have close values, and it is known that the oil reservoir in zone 2 not potential for production, but gasreservoir in zones 4 the potential to do exploitation/ production. After the interpretation of petrophysicalparameters, it is known in zone 4 has a net pay thickness 68.43 m, total porosity percentage 28.42 to 29.72%,effective porosity 25.57 to 26.32%, permeability 56376,2 mD, water saturation 13.49 to 15.35% and shale volume 5to 10.5%. After obtaining reservoir petrophysical parameters, next step is hydrocarbon volume calculation using theâwell basisâ method, supported by pressure build up (PBU). Based on this analysis, it is known that total volume ofgas in the reservoir hydrocarbon type is estimated at 5088.4 MMSCF.

STUDI STRATIGRAFI DAN PALEOGEOGRAFI ENDAPAN KENOZOIKUM CEKUNGAN SENGKANG PADA DAERAH KABUPATEN MAROS, PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN Putra, Hendry Tri Pradipta; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Irawan, Danny
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Stratigraphy and paleogeography study basin sengkang never discussed in detail by earlier researcher, caused by pattern sequence stratigraphy this basin is difficult is determined disturbed consequence by activity tektonic mobile in Paleogen and Neogen. The mentioned that make as object that interesting to studied and studied furthermore.Watchfulness method is done with research method, descriptive method, and analysis method. Research method is done with direct quest at field, this descriptive method is done with describe field data and laboratory data, and analysis method is done with analyze litostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and tektonostratigraphy the result is used for discussion syntheses paleogeography watchfulness region.Litostratigraphy watchfulness region is divided to be four rock formations with sequence the position from old to young, that is Mallawa Formation aged Middle Eocene, Tonasa Formation aged Early Miocene, Camba Formation with age turn Late Miocene, and Walanae Formation with age turn Pliocene. From formation, knowable ten species foraminifera planktonic as age areas biostratigraphy, that is Globigerapsis index as datum age zone P.11, Globigerina yeguaensis as datum age zone P.12, Orbulinoides beckmanni as datum age zone P.13, Globigerinoides immaturus as datum age zone N.4, Globoquadrina dehiscens as datum age zone N.5, Orbulina bilobata as datum age zone N.6, Globigerinoides diminutus as datum age zone N.7, Praeorbulina glomerosa as datum age zone N.8, Globigerinoides conglobatus as datum age zone N.18, and Globorotalia crassaformis as datum age zone N.19. Sequence stratigraphy watchfulness region consists of three sequence precipitation that consist of three packages system tract complete, that is highstand system tract, transgressive system tract, and lowstand system tract. Tektonostratigraphy sediment Kenozoikum watchfulness region, got four sequence, that is syn-rift, sag-basin, syn-orogenic, and post-orogenic. History paleogeography watchfulness region since Middle Eocene still environment land-deltaic with precipate formation unit mallawa, then in miosen beginning happen phase transgresi with precipate Mallawa Formation, and Late Miocene to happen regression phase with precipate Camba Formation, and phase transgresi return to happen by the end of Pliocene beginning with precipate Walanae Formation.

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN FASIES DAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN DI BLOK A PADA FORMASI MELUHU, CEKUNGAN KENDARI, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA Irfansyah, Febry; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 1, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Limitations of field geological data and subsurface surveys are one of the causes of unattractiveness oil and gas exploration activities in the old basins in eastern Indonesia because it has a high risk that is always avoided by investors in the oil and gas. The research location in Meluhu Formation, Kendari Basin, which is one of Upper Triassic formations in eastern Indonesia is estimated to have potential for hydrocarbon resources. Therefore, to find out more about this potential is conducted by field geological survey that generate data on sedimentology and stratigraphy.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â This study aims to determine facies and depositional environment that formed in three tracks of stratigraphic section in Block A, Meluhu Formation, Kendari Basin, and to know the changes in facies and depositional environment vertically associated with the impact of sea level changes. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The methodology used in this research is descriptive and analysis methods. The descriptive method is done by literature study and field survey includes stratigraphic section measurements at selected tracks, while for analysis methods are litofasies analysis, facies associations, petrographic analysis, and sequence analysis of the relative age. Based on the four analysis, a stratigraphic column of the study area that are arranged based on the relative age of rocks are made and used to determine the pattern of changes in facies and depositional environment vertically.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â From the combined results of the four methods of analysis, the interpretation of different facies and depositional environment in three stratigraphic section measurements in this area are obtained. On the first track named LS301, some facies found, such as mud flats, mixed flats, sand flats, and tidal channel, which characterize the tidal flat depositional environment. In the second track named LS303, channel fills and overbank facies are found, which characterize the fluvial depositional environment. On the third track named LS306, facies mud flats and sand flats that characterize the deposition of tidal flats are found, and the dominance of overbank and channel fill facies that characterize the fluvial depositional environment. From the analysis of the relative age, the sequence between tracks from old to young is LS301, LS303, and the LS306. So, changes in facies and depositional environment vertically starts from tidal flat and change into fluvial. Compared with the eustacy curve of the Upper Triassic age by Haq (1987) which shows a pattern of decline in sea level, vertical changes on Block A match to the facts on the field.

HUBUNGAN KONDISI GEOLOGI TERHADAP ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL DAN MINERALISASI PADA ENDAPAN EPITERMAL DAERAH BUNIKASIH, KECAMATAN TALEGONG, KABUPATEN GARUT, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT Rahmawati, Saumi; Nugroho, Hadi; Widiarso, Dian Agus; Verdiansyah, Okky
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 5, No 2 (2013): Volume 5, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
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Hydrothermal alteration is a changed in the mineral composition of the rock as a result of interaction of hydrothermal fluids with the wall rock involving various geological environments like fault zones and volcanic eruptions zones. Hydrothermal alteration has a very close relationship with the mineralization. Mineralization is a process of inclusion of valuable rare minerals in rocks that form ore deposits. The purpose of this study is to determine the geological conditions of the mapping area and knowing the type of alteration and the relationship between alteration with the developing of ore mineralization. Research methods include field observations survey and continued by analysis methods, conducted in Bunikasih and surrounding areas, Talegong District, Garut regency, West Java. Methods of analysis undertaken include petrology, petrography, Terraspec, and structure analysis. Geological conditions of the study area consists geomorphological unit of structural steep hills and undulating hills of volcanic units (Van Zuidam, 1983). The research area is composed by rocks from old to young volcanic breccia, Andesite Lava, and tuff. Geological structures that are left slip fault of North Cibaliung, right slip thrust fault of South Cibaliung, right slip normal fault of Citutugan-Cibaliung Beet. There are prophylitic alteration (smectite, chlorite, Â±illite), argillic (kaolinite, illite, smectite), advanced argillic (kaolinite, illite, alunite, silica), and silicification (vein zone). In the study area there are two types of epithermal, low sulfidation epithermal zone on Bunikasih mineralized was found that quartz manganese vein, chalcedonic vein, crustiform-colloform banded vein, and disseminated pyrite. there are 5 main vein lines with 40-100cm of thickness with a northwest-southeast direction formed on andesite and tuff, due to the style of the extensions that form the structure openings fault trending Northwest-Southeast. At high sulphidation epithermal indication zone in Datarkorot is dominated by advanced argillic alteration. Mineralization occurred is in the disseminated pyrite form and the concentrated hematite oxide mineral, goethite, and jarosite is a condition of changing sulfide mineral acids. Mineralization is controlled by lithology, by tuff unit which is interpreted lithocap of a diaterme breccia generated by a dacite porphyry intrusion.

ANALISIS FASIES DAN PERMODELAN SIKUEN STRATIGRAFI BATUAN KARBONAT LINTASAN KORIDO, FORMASI WAINUKENDI, KABUPATEN SUPIORI, PAPUA Shima, Joshua; Nugroho, Hadi; Fahrudin, Fahrudin; Permana, Asep Kurnia
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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Korido is located in Supiori District , Papua , Indonesia . This area is in the north of the Central Range and included in the North Irian Basin which is the fore arc basin (Mc Adoo & J.C. Haebig, 1999). Own research area based on geology map created by Masria et al ( 1981) composed by Wainukendi Formation which is composed predominantly by carbonate sedimentary rocks .The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of lithology and lithological boundaries were obtained from measured stratigraphy along the trajectory of research which is then integrated with the micro facies analysis and facies zone were obtained by petrographic analysis to determine the depositional environment and depositional processes that occur in Wainukendi Formation. More over, the relative age determination is also done based on the analysis of large benthic foraminifera so the deposition process can be integrated with relative age . The ultimate goal of this research is to integrate field data, micro facies analysis results and deposition process analysis results to create a model of sedimentation, determining stratigraphic marker, and the determines system tract that develops in Wainukendi Formation in the study area .The method used in this research is geological mapping focused on stratigraphy subjects in Korido area to getÂ lithostratigraphy sequence, platform type, sedimentation processes, and laboratory analysis include petrographic analysis to determine micro facies and facies zone and paleontological analysis to determine the relative age which then integrated to obtain stratigraphic marker and systems tract that develops in Wainukendi Formation. From the analysis of platform type showed the type of platform existing in this area is rimmed shelf type which is then used as a reference in micro facies analysis according to Wilson (1975) to obtain 4 facies zone that exist in this study area is reef platform margin , slope , toe of slope apron and deep shelf . Based on the analysis of the deposition process obtained 3 cycles of sedimentation that occurred from Wainukendi Formation . From the results of this analysis are used in determining the stratigraphic sequence to obtain stacking patterns that evolve based sequence boundary and its systems tract is composed of LST - TS - MFS - TST - HST so that obtain a full cycle changes in accommodation space and sediment supply where there is an increase in accommodation space which was offset by an increase in the supply of sediment in LST phase is characterized by progradation and agradation, an increase in the supply of sediment is lower than the increase in accomodation space in TST phase is characterized by retrogradation, and lastly, a decrease in accommodation space while sediment supply rate is still high in HST phase characterized by progradation.

EVOLUSI TEKTONIK DI DAERAH NENAS DAN KEFAMENANU, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP POTENSI PERANGKAP (TRAP) HIDROKARBON PADA CEKUNGAN TIMOR BAGIAN BARAT Alfiansyah, Arif; Nugroho, Hadi; Fahrudin, Fahrudin; Wahyudiono, Joko
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
Publisher : Geological Engineering E-Journal

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In Timor island found many indications of hydrocarbons such as oil seeps, gas seeps and mud volcanoes. In the eastern part of the territory there are indications of more oil, while in the western part of the territory more gas indications (Charlton, 2001). It is a challenge for a geologist in particular to uncover all the potential that exists in the Timor Basin.The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the stratigraphy in the study area, which is developing the geological structure and its relationship with the existing stratigraphy in the study area, the main emphasis is to work towards the western part of Timor Island, Explaining the tectonic evolution of the study area and type of trap hydrocarbons that exist in the study area.The method used in this thesis is a survey method and analysis methods. Methods of geological mapping survey with a description of the characteristics of each formation encountered and measured thick layer of rock that is useful for stratigraphic cross sections, and measurement of structural elements such as bedding plane, joint, faults and folds. Analysis method by analyzing both the geological structure alignment analysis and analysis stereografis.The composition of the regional stratigraphic in research area from old to young is Maubise Formation, Atahoc Formation, Cribas Formation, Niof Formation, Babulu Formation, and Aitutu Formation. Geological structures that developed in the study area at Permian old rocks there are a reverse fault has trending NW-SE, strike slip fault has trending N-S, and normal fault has trending NW-SE, whereas in Triassic old rocks there are a reverse fault has trending NE-SW, strike slip fault has trending NE-SW, and normal fault has trending NE-SW. Look at the similarity of hasÂ trending reverse fault and normal fault orientation at Permian age, interpreted that reverse fault is result of reactivation from normal fault plane with same plane orientation. This also applies to Niof Formation, Babulu Formation and Aitutu Formation are Triassic old rocks there are a reverse fault has trending NE-SW and normal fault has trending NE-SW. the similarity of that trending orientation can interpreted as a result from reactivation of that happened at Permian old rocks. The main stress in Permian old rocks is NE-SW, while in Triassic old rocks is E-W. Based on analysis, trap hydrocarbon potential is structural trap with type are anticline and reverse faultÂ

Integrasi Log Sumur dan Seismik 2D Untuk Analisis Karakteristik Reservoir dan Menghitung Potensi Hidrokarbon Pada Formasi Tualang, Lapangan âSHANDORAâ, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah Bandono Wahyudi, Ibnu Dwi; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Yuwono, Radig Wisnu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Minyak dan gasbumi masih menjadi kebutuhan energi primer meskipun saat ini mulai banyak pengembangan energi alternatif. Produksi minyak bumi yang semakin menurun namun produksi gas semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya karena lapangan migas di Indonesia lebih banyak menyimpan gas. Daerah penelitian terletak pada Lapangan âSHANDORAâ, Cekungan Sumatera Tengah dengan target reservoir adalah Formasi Tualang.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dan metode analisis. Dari metode tersebut, kemudian dilakukan tahap analisis dan interpretasi dengan data penunjang yaitu data seismik 2D dan data log sumur. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain menganalisis dan menginterpretasi litologi, mengkorelasi antar sumur, menganalisis fasies dan lingkungan pengendapan, menghitung parameter petrofisika, menginterpretasi seismik, memetakan kondisi bawah permukaan, dan menghitung cadangan hidrokarbon. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk menunjang studi Tugas Akhir ini adalah Petrel, GSv5.1, dan SMT Kingdom.Dari hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa Formasi Tualang merupakan kumpulan seri serpih, batupasir dan lapisan tipis batugamping. Analisis elektrofasies pada Formasi Tualang menunjukkan bahwa Formasi ini terendapkan di lingkungan Shoreface (Regressive to Transgressive) â Shelf. Target batuan reservoir pada Formasi Tualang adalah lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5. Lapisan batupasir TS-2 dan TS-5 merupakan lapisan batupasir dengan karakteristik volume serpih berkisar 8,44% - 24,67%, porositas berkisar 15% - 25%, saturasi air berkisar 26,93% - 37,24%, dan permeabilitas berkisar 2,1 mD â 46 mD. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan cadangan volumetrik pada lapangan âSHANDORAâ didapat cadangan gas mencapai 17,90 BCF dan gas yang dapat diproduksi mencapai 10,74 BCF dengan nilai recovery factor 60%. Keberadaan hidrokarbon di Formasi Tualang tidak lepas dari pengaruh tektonik yang terjadi di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah yang menghasilkan pola struktur geologi berarah baratlaut â tenggara. Pada daerah penelitian, hidrokarbon terakumulasi di perangkap reverse-faulted anticline dan flank pinchout.

PENENTUAN ZONA PROSPEK HIDROKARBON PADA FRACTURED BASEMENT BERDASARKAN DATA WELL LOG DAN SEISMIK 3D PADA LAPANGAN MALAWAPATI SUB-CEKUNGAN JAMBI, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA SELATAN Wahyudianto, Rahman; Nugroho, Hadi; Aribowo, Yoga; Widodo, Robet Wahyu
Geological Engineering E-Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2014): Volume 6, Nomor 1, Tahun 2014
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Hydrocarbon discovery in the basement of several exploration wells in South Sumatra Basin, giving new challenges for geologists to find hydrocarbon reserves with the concept of new thinking, the best one on the concept of the geology and oil exploration in fractured basement.Research object is on the basement high, which dominant lithology is schist. This research is located at Malawapati and includes part of the Sub-Basin of Jambi, South Sumatra Basin. Based on Drill Stem Test (DST), hydrocarbon potential of fractured basement on Prabu X1 is around 0.2-1 MMSCFGPD (Million Standard Cubic Feet Gas Per Day) and on Dharma X3 is around traces-1 MMSCFGPD, then it needs a good study to determine hydrocarbon potential in the fractured basement.The purpose of this research is obtaining a description of the basement characteristic and vertical fracture intensity in the basement by using well log and master log, obtaining horizontal fracture distribution in the basement by using 3D seismic and seismic attributes, obtaining a description of the basement geometry by analyzing geological structures in the basement, determining correlation of the two data are intensity and distribution of fracture to determine the location of the most prospect as a hydrocarbon zone.The research method is using descriptive and analytical methods. There are 3 wells in Malawapati field. There are 2 wells which reaching the basement, which are Prabu X1 and Dharma X3 and also a well not reaching the basement, which is Dharma X3. Well log and master log is used to determine basement characteristics and vertical fracture intensity with Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), it is used for reference in retraction the target zone on seismic attribute by type variance cube, which the suitable are 70 ms below the horizon of Prabu X1 and 25 ms below the horizon of the well Dharma X3. 3D seismic data is used to determine basement geometry and horizontal fracture distribution with seismic attribute by type variance cube.Based on the correlation analysis of well log, master log and seismic attribute by type variance cube, is known that hydrocarbon prospect zone in vertical is weathered basement zone and high intensity zone. Hydrocarbon prospect zone in horizontal is zone A which is the top of basement high zone and also not affected by zone fault so it has low fracture intensity. Zone B is edge of the basement high zone and also affected by zone fault so it has high fracture intensity

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