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Harsoyo Purnomo
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education

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ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF SOUR-SOP LEAF EXTRACT AS BIOPESTICIDE Purnomo, Harsoyo; Utami, Afri
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
Publisher : BIOMA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Sour-sop (Annona muricata L) leaf extract is predicted that it can be used as biopes- ticide which is safe to environmental condition. But, toxicity acut test still important to do. The objective of this research is to estimate of the is exposure dose causing 50% mortality (96-h LD50 95% CI) to test orgasnism during 96 h. Toxicity tests with 50 Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were conducted in 20 liters test solution. Five mouthed jar contain 4 liters of test solution with different dose. At least 10 Goldfish weighing 3—5 g were tested at each dose (0 ppm, 12500 ppm, 13250 ppm, 14000 ppm, and 14750 ppm). Toxicity data were analyzed by statistical linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The result prediction with regression estimation was obtained logarithmic (log) va-lue scale  interpolation LD50 is 4.142. Transforming (antilog) of this value was obta-ined 96-h LD50 95% CI = 13868 ppm. Conclusion, Sirsak leaf extract can be used as biopesticide with safety limit 1387 ppm. Key words: toxicity, sour-sop leaf extract, LD50, Carassius auratus, biopesticide.
THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN A SIMPLE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Purnomo, Harsoyo
BIOMA Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
Publisher : BIOMA

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The knowledge of net primary production of  herbaceous plants on certain area is very important  because the net primary production can be used to estimate the envi-ronmental support, estimating the competitiveness of  herbaceous plants (weeds) to-ward the cultivated plants which become problems for farmers. The objective of the study was to investigate: (i). the increase rates of biomass (standing crop) or net primary production per unit area in one month; (ii) estimation of total net primary production of herbaceous plants in research area;  (iii) the fac-tors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research pe-riod; (iv) the community composition of herbaceous plants in research area. The net primary production estimation study was carried out on rubber plantation area Mijen, Semarang. Ten stands were selected subjectively,  and in each stand was placed three permanent plots, each is 40 X 25 cm. From the plot 1 the living and dead plant material should be collected.  From plot 2, all of the living shoot material should be removed but all of the dead plant material left in place. At the end of the production period, the dead shoot material should be collected from plot II and the living shoot material, dead shoot material, and total root material from plot 3. The material should be sorted, and dried at oven at 100o C for 48 hours and weighed. The result of the study shows that there is difference of dry weights (standing crop biomass) on the beginning and the end of research is 9.525 g/plot for living shoot material, and 5.483 g/plot for dead shoot material. Mean of total net production in one month is 25.899 g/plot or 103,596 g-cal/m2. The factors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research period is edaphic and climatic factors. The communitycomposition of herbaceous plants in research area was dominated by Brachiaria reptans. The conclusion is that the net primary production in research area was estimated. The continuous gradual change of  biomass during  research period was affected by environmental condition that is edaphic and climatic factors Key words: primary production; herbaceous; biomass; community, ecosystem.
CHANGES OF WEED COMMUNITIES IN SECONDARY SUCCESSION ON RICE FIELD AREA WITH DIFFERENT WATER PUDDLE Purnomo, Harsoyo
BIOMA Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
Publisher : BIOMA

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Abstract

The composition of weed communities in rice fields is always changing from time to time, or having a secondary succession. What is the pattern of change, and what factors affecting it needs to study as the cornerstone of efforts to eliminate or mini-mize the competition between weeds and crops through to appropriate controls. The study aims to determine the pattern of changes in weed community compositi- on, the factors that affecting and determine the right moment for its control. Research done in the area Mijen, Semarang. Three each plot measuring 100 m2 each chosen selectively according to the level of water puddle, namely the wet rice field (irrigated rice fields), dry rice field (rainfed rice field), and moderate rice field (me-sic). Into each plot was placed 15 permanent circular quadrat frames with the size of one square meter randomly. Observations carried out every two weeks once, by calculating the density species. Data were analyzed and interpretation with Shannon -Wiener diversity index, and PIE (Probability of Interspecific Encounter). The results showed the general community of progressive change, and is rhythmic. In the wet plot there are 20 species of weeds, the mesic plot is 29 species, and dry plot 38 species. Diversity index and the highest PIE being found on the plot mesic. At week 4, the emergence of weeds in wet plots reached 90.69%, the moderate plot  (mesic) 68.77%, and the dry plot 58.40% of the total individual. The conclusion is, changes in weed communities affected by the level of water pud-dle. Higher levels of the water puddle, the fewer the number of its kind, and the faster the rate of emergence. Continuous inundation can prevent the emergence of some weed species. Most appropriate for the control (weeding) weed is between weeks 4 and weeks 6 after transplanting. Key words: rice field area, secondary succession, weed communities, water puddles, diversity.
ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF SOUR-SOP LEAF EXTRACT AS BIOPESTICIDE Harsoyo Purnomo; Afri Utami
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i1, April.27

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sour-sop (Annona muricata L) leaf extract is predicted that it can be used as biopes- ticide which is safe to environmental condition. But, toxicity acut test still important to do. The objective of this research is to estimate of the is exposure dose causing 50% mortality (96-h LD50 95% CI) to test orgasnism during 96 h. Toxicity tests with 50 Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were conducted in 20 liters test solution. Five mouthed jar contain 4 liters of test solution with different dose. At least 10 Goldfish weighing 3?óÔé¼ÔÇØ5 g were tested at each dose (0 ppm, 12500 ppm, 13250 ppm, 14000 ppm, and 14750 ppm). Toxicity data were analyzed by statistical linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics 19. The result prediction with regression estimation was obtained logarithmic (log) va-lue scale?é?á interpolation LD50 is 4.142. Transforming (antilog) of this value was obta-ined 96-h LD50 95% CI = 13868 ppm. Conclusion, Sirsak leaf extract can be used as biopesticide with safety limit 1387 ppm. Key words: toxicity, sour-sop leaf extract, LD50, Carassius auratus, biopesticide.
THE NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ESTIMATION OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN A SIMPLE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Harsoyo Purnomo
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 1, April (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i1, April.80

Abstract

ABSTRACT The knowledge of net primary production of ?é?áherbaceous plants on certain area is very important?é?á because the net primary production can be used to estimate the envi-ronmental support, estimating the competitiveness of?é?á herbaceous plants (weeds) to-ward the cultivated plants which become problems for farmers. The objective of the study was to investigate: (i). the increase rates of biomass (standing crop) or net primary production per unit area in one month; (ii) estimation of total net primary production of herbaceous plants in research area; ?é?á(iii) the fac-tors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research pe-riod; (iv) the community composition of herbaceous plants in research area. The net primary production estimation study was carried out on rubber plantation area Mijen, Semarang. Ten stands were selected subjectively,?é?á and in each stand was placed three permanent plots, each is 40 X 25 cm. From the plot 1 the living and dead plant material should be collected.?é?á From plot 2, all of the living shoot material should be removed but all of the dead plant material left in place. At the end of the production period, the dead shoot material should be collected from plot II and the living shoot material, dead shoot material, and total root material from plot 3. The material should be sorted, and dried at oven at 100o C for 48 hours and weighed. The result of the study shows that there is difference of dry weights (standing crop biomass) on the beginning and the end of research is 9.525 g/plot for living shoot material, and 5.483 g/plot for dead shoot material. Mean of total net production in one month is 25.899 g/plot or 103,596 g-cal/m2. The factors that directly affect on continuous gradual change of biomass during research period is edaphic and climatic factors. The communitycomposition of herbaceous plants in research area was dominated by Brachiaria reptans. The conclusion is that the net primary production in research area was estimated. The continuous gradual change of?é?á biomass during ?é?áresearch period was affected by environmental condition that is edaphic and climatic factors Key words: primary production; herbaceous; biomass; community, ecosystem.
CHANGES OF WEED COMMUNITIES IN SECONDARY SUCCESSION ON RICE FIELD AREA WITH DIFFERENT WATER PUDDLE Harsoyo Purnomo
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 1, No 2, Oktober (2011): Bioma
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v1i2, Oktober.85

Abstract

The composition of weed communities in rice fields is always changing from time to time, or having a secondary succession. What is the pattern of change, and what factors affecting it needs to study as the cornerstone of efforts to eliminate or mini-mize the competition between weeds and crops through to appropriate controls. The study aims to determine the pattern of changes in weed community compositi- on, the factors that affecting and determine the right moment for its control. Research done in the area Mijen, Semarang. Three each plot measuring 100 m2 each chosen selectively according to the level of water puddle, namely the wet rice field (irrigated rice fields), dry rice field (rainfed rice field), and moderate rice field (me-sic). Into each plot was placed 15 permanent circular quadrat frames with the size of one square meter randomly. Observations carried out every two weeks once, by calculating the density species. Data were analyzed and interpretation with Shannon -Wiener diversity index, and PIE (Probability of Interspecific Encounter). The results showed the general community of progressive change, and is rhythmic. In the wet plot there are 20 species of weeds, the mesic plot is 29 species, and dry plot 38 species. Diversity index and the highest PIE being found on the plot mesic. At week 4, the emergence of weeds in wet plots reached 90.69%, the moderate plot?é?á (mesic) 68.77%, and the dry plot 58.40% of the total individual. The conclusion is, changes in weed communities affected by the level of water pud-dle. Higher levels of the water puddle, the fewer the number of its kind, and the faster the rate of emergence. Continuous inundation can prevent the emergence of some weed species. Most appropriate for the control (weeding) weed is between weeks 4 and weeks 6 after transplanting. Key words: rice field area, secondary succession, weed communities, water puddles, diversity.
Co-Authors Afri Utami