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DETEKSI CEMARAN Escherichia coli PADA DAGING BURGER PENJUAL KAKI LIMA DI DESA KOPELMA DARUSSALAM DAN RESTORAN CEPAT SAJI DI BANDA ACEH Bunga Fatimah Ademi; Tristia Rinanda
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 11, No 3 (2011): Volume 11 Nomor 3 Desember 2011
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan membandingkan tingkat cemaran Escherichia coli pada daging burger yang dijual di kaki lima di Desa Kopelma Darussalam dan restoran cepat saji di Banda Aceh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Most Probable Number (MPN) yang terdiri dari tes perkiraan (Presumptive Test), tes penegasan (Confirmative Test) dan tes pelengkap (Completed Test). Sampel penelitian ini adalah daging burger dari 5 penjual burger kaki lima di Desa Kopelma Darussalam dan daging burger dari 5 restoran cepat saji di Banda Aceh dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan tiga kali dengan interval waktu 1 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengambilan pertama didapatkan cemaran E. coli pada 40% sampel daging burger penjual kaki lima dan 60% sampel daging burger restoran cepat saji. Pada pengambilan kedua diperoleh 100% sampel daging burger penjual kaki lima dan sampel daging burger restoran cepat saji tercemar E. coli. Pada pengambilan ketiga didapatkan 100% sampel daging burger penjual kaki lima dan 80% sampel daging burger restoran cepat saji tercemar E. coli. Hasil positif pada sampel yang diperoleh tidak memenuhi syarat berdasarkan Kepmenkes RI No. 1098/Menkes/SK/VII/2003. Nilai rata-rata MPN E. coli pada sampel daging burger penjual kaki lima lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel daging burger restoran cepat saji. Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the contamination rate of Escherichia coli in meat burger of stalls in Kopelma Village of Darussalam and fast-food restaurants in Banda Aceh. This study conducted by Most Probable Number (MPN) method, which consist of presumptive test, confirmative test and completed test. Samples of this study were meat burgers from 5 stalls in Kopelma Village of Darussalam and meat burgers from 5 fast-food restaurants in Banda Aceh which was taken by total sampling method. The samples were taken three times within the interval period of one week. Data was presented descriptively. The result shown that the first sampling obtained 40% of meat burger samples of stalls and 60% of meat burger samples of fast-food restaurants was contaminated by E. coli. In the second sampling acquired 100% of samples was contamined by E. coli in both stalls’s and fast-food restaurants’s. In the third sampling earned 100% meat burger samples of stalls and 80% meat burger samples of fast-food restaurants was contaminated by E. coli. All positive results were not qualify the provisions of Kepmenkes RI No. 1098/Menkes/SK/VII/2003. The average value of MPN E. coli was higher in meat burger samples of stalls than fast-food restaurants.

KAJIAN MOLEKULER MEKANISME RESISTENSI MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Tristia Rinanda
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 15, No 3 (2015): Volume 15 Nomor 3 Desember 2015
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak. Program penanggulangan Tuberkulosis (TB) yang komprehensif seperti Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourses (DOTS) telah dijalankan di seluruh dunia sejak tahun 1995. Selama 2 dasawarsa, prevalensi TB menurun secara signifikan, namun tidak bia dipungkiri bahwa penyakit infeksi ini masih tetap ada dan menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia, terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Saat ini dunia sedang menghadapi fenomena yang juga cukup meresahkan, yaitu munculnya kasus TB resisten obat. Fenomena ini membuat semakin kompleknya permasalahan terkait TB, seperti peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas serta peningkatan beban biaya pengobatan. Resistensi ini sangat terkait dengan terjadinya sejumlah perubahan dalam struktur genom Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang menurunkan bahkan menghilangkan efikasi Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT). Tulisan ini membahas mengenai struktur genom Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan kaitannya dengan mekanisme resistensi terhadap OAT. Pemahaman mengenai aspek molekuler ini banyak digunakan dalam pengembangan berbagai teknik deteksi resistensi dalam kasus TB resisten obat.Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, resistensi, genom, obat anti tuberkulosisAbstract. Comprehensive Tuberculosis eradication programs such as Directly Observed Treatment Short courses (DOTS) have been implemented worldwide since 1995. In the past two decades, the prevalence of Tuberculosis has significantly declined. However, it is undeniable that this infectious disease remains present as one of the health problems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Also, the world is currently facing an alarming phenomenon in the form of drugs-resistant Tuberculosis cases, which result in Tuberculosis-related issues of greater complexity such as the rise in morbidity and mortality as well as in medication costs. This resistance is closely related to a number of changes occurred in the structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome which reduce or even eliminate the efficacy of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs. This article discusses the structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome and its relationship with the resistance mechanism of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs. The understanding of this molecular aspect is used a great deal in the development of various resistance detection techniques in drugs-resistance Tuberculosis cases.Keywords: Tuberculosis, resistance, genome, tuberculosis drugs

ANALISIS SEKUENSING 16S rRNA DI BIDANG MIKROBIOLOGI Tristia Rinanda
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 11, No 3 (2011): Volume 11 Nomor 3 Desember 2011
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak. Gen 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) memiliki daerah yang conserved (lestari) sehingga tepat digunakan dalam Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dan analisis sekuensing untuk menentukan taksonomi, filogeni dan keanekaragaman antar spesies. Gen ini juga memiliki hypervariable region yang merupakan ciri khas tiap mikroorganisme. Analisis sekuensing gen 16S rRNA sudah banyak digunakan di bidang mikrobiologi. Metode berbasis molekuler ini dinilai cepat dan akurat dalam mengidentifikasi bakteri patogen serta memiliki sejumlah keunggulan dibandingkan metode mikrobiologi konvensional. Abstract. The 16S rRNA gene is the most conserved DNA in all cells. For this reason, genes that encode the rRNA (rDNA) have been used extensively on PCR and sequencing analysis method to determine taxonomy, phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) and also to estimate rates of species divergence. This gene also consists of hypervariable region which is specifically characterized every organism Sequencing analysis has been widely use in microbiology. This molecular based method is becoming a powerful technology for identification of bacterial isolates in the human clinical diagnostic laboratory and also has several advantages compare to conventional method.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) TERHADAP Streptococcus pyogenes SECARA IN VITRO Yoo Soo Ji; Nova Dian Lestari; Tristia Rinanda
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 12, No 1 (2012): Volume 12 Nomor 1 April 2012
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak. Penyakit infeksi merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia terutama di daerah tropis, seperti Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab penyakit infeksi adalah bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Pengobatan penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri menggunakan antibiotik banyak menimbulkan resistensi dan efek samping, sehingga saat ini dikembangkan fitofarmaka yang memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai antibiotik. Salah satu tanaman yang secara empiris banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan adalah Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga Rosella terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes. Kelopak bunga Rosella diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 10%, 20% ,30%, kontrol positif (Ampisilin 10 µg) dan kontrol negatif (akuades steril), dengan 4 kali pengulangan uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga Rosella memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20% dan 30% terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dengan diameter zona hambat rata-rata berturut-turut 7,13 mm, 8,4 mm, 10,2 mm, 13,3 mm. Hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur/BNJ (p 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kelopak bunga Rosella memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang nyata terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dan semakin tinggi konsentrasi, semakin luas zona hambat yang terbentuk.Abstract. Infectious diseases are the main cause of death in the world, especially in the tropics, such as Indonesia. One cause of disease is a bacterial infection by Streptococcus pyogenes. Treatment of diseases caused by bacterial infection using antibiotics cause a lot of resistance and side effects, so this requires a new product that has great potential as antibiotics. One of the many plants that are empirically used for treatment is Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Roselle calyx extract against Streptococcus pyogenes. Roselle calyx was extracted by ethanol 96% with maceration method. This study conducted by Completely Randomized Design consists of 6 treatment groups consists of extract with concentration 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, positive control (Ampicillin 10 µg) and negative control (sterile aquades) with 4 times repeititions. Antibacterial test performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The ethanol extract of Roselle calyx with concentration of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% showed antibacterial activity. The average inhibition zone respectively were 7,125 mm, 8,4 mm, 10,2 mm, 13,3 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. The result of this study were analyzed by Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test (p 0,05). The test showed that ethanol extract of Roselle calyx have a significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes and the higher concentration, the more extensive inhibition zone formed.

ANALISIS MOLEKULER GENOM VIRUS HEPATITIS C SERTA PERANANNYA DALAM PATOGENESIS INFEKSI Tristia Rinanda
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 12, No 1 (2012): Volume 12 Nomor 1 April 2012
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak. Virus Hepatitis C (HCV) adalah penyebab Hepatitis C, suatu penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Virus ini bergenom RNA untai tunggal yang berukuran sekitar 9,6 kilobasa. Genom HCV terdiri dari untranslated region serta sejumlah gen yang mengkode protein struktural dan non struktural. Setiap bagian dari struktur genom ini memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam patogenesis infeksi. Abstract. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the causing agent of Hepatitis C, one of the major health problem in the world, especially in Indonesia. It is positive strand RNA virus with a genome size around 9,6 Kilobases. The single strand RNA genome of the virus contains untranslated regions and a large open reading frame that encodes structural and non-structural proteins. Each part of the genome plays important role on the pathogenesis of infection.

Antibacterial activity of red betel (Piper crocatum) leaf methanolic extracts aginst methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tristia Rinanda; . Zulfitri; Desi Maharani Alga
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Red betel (Piper crocatum) is one of traditional medicine that has antibacterial activity. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of red betle leaves against growth of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 5 treatment groups consist of red betle leaves extract with concentration 150 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 450 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL, and negative control (sterile water) with 4 times repetition. The methanol extract of red betle leaves was obtained by maceration technique using methanol 96% as solvent. Antibacterial activity test conducted with Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data of this research were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan Test. The results showed that red betel leaf extracts in concentration 150 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 450 mg/mL, 600 mg/mL provide average inhibition zone respectively 9,0 mm, 11,2 mm, 13,6 mm and 15,7 mm. The result showed that red betel leaf extracts in tested concentration showed antibacterial activity against MRSA. The higher concentration of extract, the greater inhibition area was formed.

BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS POWDER AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT MICROBES TRISTIA RINANDA; . SAKDIAH; RISNA OKTAVIA; MEYCHA DA FHONSA; MUFQI FITRA
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 4, No 2 (2014): Life Sciences
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Inappropriate uses of antimicrobial drugs have contributed to the development of resistant microbial pathogens. This phenomenon requires discovery and development of potential antimicrobial compounds from organic materials. Lumbricus rubellus is the ubiquitous earthworm containing antimicrobial peptide named Lumbricin-1. The aim of this study was to determine the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of Lumbricus rubellus powder against several drug resistant microbes such as Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Fluconazole resistant Candida albicans. This experimental study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatment groups consisting of 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg L.rubellus powder in 5 ml solvent (acetic acid and acetonitrile) and negative control groups. One percent of each concentration then was used in the antimicrobial activity testing using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data of this research were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that L. rubellus powder in each of the concentrations of 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg obtained an average inhibition zone of 14.33 mm, 14.17 mm, 14.00 mm, 15.00 mm and 13.00 mm respectively against MDR P. aeruginosa; 16.75 mm, 18.50 mm, 18.75 mm, 16.75 mm and 17.25 mm against MRSA; 16.50 mm, 18.00 mm, 17.50 mm, 17.75 mm and 16 mm against Fluconazole resistant C. albicans. Statistical analysis revealed that Lumbricus rubellus powder in the tested concentrations showed significant broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against drug resistant microbes (p0.05).

Hubungan Kadar Hemoglobin dengan Kejang Demam Pada Anak Usia Balita Yulia Dasmayanti; Anidar Anidar; Imran Imran; Bakhtiar Bakhtiar; Tristia Rinanda
Sari Pediatri Vol 16, No 5 (2015)
Publisher : Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (BP-IDAI)

Latar belakang. Kejang demam merupakan kelainan neurologis yang sering dijumpai pada anak. Hal inididuga dapat dipengaruhi oleh kadar hemoglobin. Pemeriksaan hemoglobin menentukan derajat anemia.Anemia menyebabkan berkurangnya kemampuan transpor oksigen ke dalam jaringan yang mengakibatkankestabilan membran sel saraf terganggu dan dapat memicu kejang.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kadar hemoglobin dengan kejang demam.Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 25 subjek kejangdemam dan 25 subjek demam tanpa kejang yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap anak (Seurune I) Rumah SakitUmum Daerah dr.Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA) Banda Aceh dari September 2012 sampai dengan September2013. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan chi-square (ô€ƒ2).Hasil. Hasil uji t tidak berpasangan menunjukkan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin subjek kejang demamadalah 10,23 g/dL dan subjek demam tanpa kejang adalah 11,38 g/dL, p=0,000. Pada uji chi-square (ô€ƒ2)menunjukkan kadar hemoglobin kurang pada kejang demam 23 subjek, sedangkan pada demam tanpakejang sebanyak 3 subjek, p=0,000.Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan antara kadar hemoglobin subjek kejang demam dan demam tanpa kejang,dan juga terdapat hubungan antara kadar hemoglobin dengan kejang demam.

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