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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science BERITA BIOLOGI
Eny Ida Riyanti
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 3A, Bogor 16111, Indonesia, Telp: +62 (251) 8337975, Fax: +62 (251) 833882
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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MULTIFUNCTIONAL MUTANTS OF Azospirillum sp. WITH ENHANCED CAPABILITY OF SOLUBILIZING PHOSPHORUS, FIXING NITROGEN AND PRODUCING INDOLE ACETIC ACID Riyanti, Eny Ida; Hadiarto, Toto; Susilowati, D.N.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Azospirillum sp. have long been known as biofertilizer for plant growth because of its capability to produce phytohormones and fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. Multifunctional Azospirillum strain Aj Bandung 6.4.1.2 isolated in 2009 from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) rhizosphere in Lembang, Bandung, West Java, was capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing tricalcium-phosphate, and producing phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). The study aimed to modify the multifunctions of Azos-pirillum sp. for better capability of fixing N2, solubilizing P, and producing IAA using ethyl methanesulfonate and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (EMS) mutagen. The study was conducted at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) in 2010. The results showed that this strain was genetically mutagenized using EMS for better performance in solubilizing P, fixing N2 (nitrogenase activity), and producing phytohormone (IAA). The optimum concentration and the length of incubation time for the process have been determined. Nine selected mutants with increasing capability to solubilize P (determined by clear-zone formation on Pikovskaya’s medium) have been characterized for nitrogenase activities and IAA production compared to wild type Aj Bandung 6.4.1.2. The effect of mutagenesis on IAA produc-tion and nitrogenase activities varied among the mutans. Two mutants, AzM 3.7.1.16 and AzM 1.7.2.12, showed superiority in the production of IAA, while two mutants, AzM 1.5.1.14 and AzM 3.7.1.15, were superior in nitrogenase activities. The EMS mutagenesis of Azospirillum sp. showed enhanced dissolving capa-bility of unsoluble phosphate (tricalciumphosphate) and increased IAA production and nitrogenase activity.  
KINETIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOL-TOLERANT THERMOPHILE Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION Riyanti, Eny Ida; Rogers, Peter L.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol productionusing agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials richin hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantagessuch as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5)and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to useethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosichydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profileof ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasiusM10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbonglucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose andxylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract additionto the media. The experiments were conducted at the Schoolof Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The Universityof New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentationat 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled everytwo hours and analised for their kinetic parameters includingthe maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s),ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s),and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain wascapable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose orxylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose andxylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there wasglucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration(0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was addedto the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extractwas added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grownon a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium.Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose,and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactateand acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potentialapplication for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes forethanol production.
EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES Riyanti, Eny Ida; Listanto, Edy; Ambarwati, Alberta Dinar
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 15, No 2 (2014): October 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.
PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN PADI VAR CIHERANG SETELAH DIINOKULASI DENGAN Azospirillum MUTAN MULTIFUNGSI PENAMBAT N2, PELARUT P DAN PENGHASIL FITOHORMON INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA). [The growth enhancement of rice var. Ciherang after inoculated with Azospirillum mutants multifunction capable of N2-fixation, P solubilization, and producing phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA)] Riyanti, Eny Ida; Listanto, Edy
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 16, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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Abstract

Modern agriculture rellies on the application of fertilizer to enhanched plant growth. Excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the long term will decrease soil fertility, therefore the use of biological fertilizers is expected to reduce the negative impact. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of multi-functional Azospirillum for N2-fixation, phosphate solubilizer  and producing phytohormone Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) on the growth of rice plants Ciherang in the pot experiment conducted in the BB Biogen’s greenhouse. Two treatments were tested: types of inoculation (not inoculated, were inoculated with the wildtype AjB 6.4.1.2 and inoculated with mutant isolates AJM 3.7.1.14), and 4 levels of fertilizer application (not fertilized, a quarter dose of paddy fertilizer recommendations, a half dose of fertilizer rice in the rice fields, and the appropriate dose of fertilizer in paddy fields). Azospirillum used is wildtype isolate AjB 6.4.1.2 and mutant isolate AJM 3.7.1.14 isolated and and mutated in BB Biogen. Ciherang rice seed inoculated with Azospirillum on the cell density of 106 cells / ml at the different seedlings tub. After the age of 14 days after planting, the seedlings were transferred into pots with three plants per pot. Parameters measured were: plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles per clump, fresh weight and dry panicles per clump, weight of 100 grains, and the content of N and P stover. Results show that inoculantion, affect significantly on the number of panicles per hill, grain weight per panicle and the dry weight of grains per panicle. 
Co-Authors Alberta Dinar Ambarwati D.N. Susilowati Edy Listanto Peter L. Rogers Toto Hadiarto