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M.T Zakaria
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Transportation

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Utilizing Geophysical Methods for Geothermal Exploration N Samsudin; N.M Muztaza; M.T Zakaria; T.O Adeeko; F Ahmad; M.H Arifin
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Abstract

Geothermal energy can be retrieved and simply generateenergy on par with the out-turn of other types of energyfabrication such as nuclear reactors due to its abundancy.Geothermal reservoirs are one of a naturally occurringhydrothermal resources. In this study, three geophysicalmethods were used to Pole-dipole array with an electrodespacing of 5 m was used during the application of 2-D electricalmethod meanwhile for magnetic method a proton precessionmagnetometer device and Global Positioning System (GPS)navigation were used when the method performed. Total of foursurvey lines were conducted for 2-D electrical and magneticmethod in which a data correlation between these two methodswill then be used for data interpretation. Inversion of apparentresistivity data to a 2-D electrical model section was done usinga RES2DINV software while for the magnetic data, MicrosoftExcels and Surfer 10 software was used and presented in aform of contouring in which discovered the fault zone. Analyticsignal map was produced from Surfer 10 and showing highmagnetic value in geothermal locality which is about >10 nTwhile resistivity gives a low value of 10 Ωm and IP shows highchargeability value of 40 msec. Increasing of iron oxide causingthe magnetic intensity to be high while increasing in temperatureresulted in low resistivity value. Most of the fractures occurred atdepth of 100 meters and above with size of approximately 20meters. The presence of fractures is associated with the majorfault in a geological map which occurred along the study area
Geophysical Approach for Water Seepage Study in Near Surface Assessment T Adeeko; N.M Muztaza; M.T Zakaria; N.A Ismail; N Samsudin; A.A Bery; F. Ahmad
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Water seepage at urban area will affect the hydraulicconductivity and shear strength of soil that may causesubsurface problems such as landslides, sinkholes, cavities,ground subsidence and hazard to buildings. To delineateseepage pathways, geophysical data will be acquired. A studyhas been conducted at Penang to study the saturated zone,analyze the water flow directions and intensities to determinethe causes of localized near surface problems by using the 2-Dresistivity and self-potential (SP) methods. Five 2-D resistivitysurvey lines with minimum of 0.5 m electrode spacing wereexecuted using Pole-dipole array. The flow directions andintensities of the water were determined using self-potential(SP) method with interval spacing of 1 m. The inversion resultsshow the low resistivity value (1-100 Ωm) was dominant at thestudy area which was interpret as saturated zone. Resistivityvalue of 100-800 Ωm was interpret as alluvium. The resultdisplay by self-potential contour map shows the water flow fromhigher self-potential value (38 mV) towards the lower selfpotentialvalue (-22 mV) that is flow from west to east, which arerelated to seepage flow patterns, negative SP anomalies wererelated with subsurface seepage flow paths (recharge zone) andpositive SP anomalies were related with areas of seepageoutflow (discharge zone). Therefore, the two results have matchand show good correlation in water seepage investigation,which validates the results
Slope Instability Evaluation Using Geophysical Methods of Gua Musang-Cameron Highland Highway M.T Zakaria; N.M Muztaza; H. Zabidi; F. Ahmad; T.O Adeeko; N Ismail; N Samsudin
Lowland Technology International Vol 22 No 1 (2020): Lowland Technology International Journal - Special Issue on: Engineering Geology
Publisher : International Association of Lowland Technology

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Slope failure is a complex phenomenon that may trigger theoccurrence of slope failure due to several factors. The internalstructures and mechanical properties of subsurface areimportant parameters to investigate as a pre-requisite analysis.Four parallel survey lines of 2-D resistivity and two lines ofseismic refraction were designed in order to achieve theobjectives. The model shows the resistivity values covered of 1-4000 Ωm with investigation depth of 20 m. Highly weatheredzones were identified at values of 400-450 Ωm while saturatedzones with values of <100 Ωm. The high resistivity regions withvalues of 1500-2500 Ωm indicates the weathered granite for thisarea. The 2-D seismic refraction model shows velocity valuesranging between 200-2800 m/s and depth coverage about 30 m.The result interpreted as 3 layer cases with 1st layer, 2nd layer,and 3rd layer identified at velocity of 400-600 m/s, 800-1400 m/sand >2000 m/s respectively. The low resistivity and velocityindicate as highly fractured/crack zones which able to decreasesthe shear strength of the slope soils and increases the hydraulicconductivity of the soils. The saturated zone and infiltration withthe existence of boulders indicates the factor for the occurrenceof slope failure.
Co-Authors A.A Bery F Ahmad F. AHMAD H. Zabidi M.H Arifin N Ismail N Samsudin N.A Ismail N.M Muztaza T Adeeko T.O Adeeko