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Achmad Zamroni
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SEBARAN UNIT STOK IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DAN RISIKO PENGELOLAAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI LAUT JAWA Suwarso Suwarso; Achmad Zamroni
Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia Vol 5, No 1 (2013): (Mei 2013)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1919.176 KB)

Abstract

Ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan D. macrosoma, Fam. CARANGIDAE) merupakan komponen utama dari sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil di perairan sekitar Laut Jawa-Selat Makassar. Peningkatan upaya secara tak terkontrol pada perikanan purse seine telah mengakibatkan penyusutan biomassa yang berdampak pada penurunan hasil tangkapan, sehingga tujuan pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan tak tercapai; ditambah lagi pengetahuan tentang karakter biologi dan keterkaitan diantara stok di sekitar zona utama belum diketahui secara jelas. Paper ini membahas dugaan sebaran stok dan risiko pengelolaannya berdasarkan data penstrukturan populasi dua species ikan layang (D. russelli dan D. macrosoma) dan aspek perikanan tangkap (komposisi jenis, sebaran fishing ground). Data struktur populasi diperoleh dari hasil analisis genetik terhadap marker DNA mitochondria (metode RFLP) yang telah dilaporkan sebelumnya; sedang data aspek penangkapan diperoleh dari tempat pendaratan utama di Pekalongan, Samarinda, Mamuju dan sekitarnya. Hasil menunjukkan kedua species layang memiliki masing-masing dua sub populasi (2 unit stok). D. russelli, tersebar di Laut Jawa bagian timur, Laut Flores bagian selatan dan Laut Banda bagian barat (sub populasi atau unit stok 1), sedang unit stok 2 tersebar di Selat Makassar laut dangkal di timur Kalimantan. Sedangkan pada D. macrosoma, unit stok Laut Banda (unit stok 1) terpisah (berbeda) dengan unit stok lain yang tersebar di Laut Flores zona pantai, Laut Jawa bagian timur dan Selat Makassar laut dangkal. Dari hal tersebut pengelolaan ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa (WPP 712) dan Selat Makasar laut dangkal (WPP 713) sebaiknya disatukan sebagai satu unit stok dan satu unit managemen. Di pihak lain, perikanan pelagis di Selat Makasar laut dalam di perairan barat Sulawesi disarankan dikelola dalam konteks penstrukturan populasi ikan pelagis kecil lautdalam di sekitar Sulawesi (malalugis, D. macarellus). Pola migrasi ikan layang/pelagis dalam arah Laut Jawa – Selat Makasar dan sebaliknya dimungkinkan juga terkait dengan penstrukturan populasi layang tersebut.Layang scad (Decapterus russelli) and round scad (D. macrosoma) was a main component of small pelagic fishes around Java Sea-Makasar Strait. Increasing of uncontrolled effort of purse seine had caused a biomass decrease and clearly impact to the lower catch, so that a goal of sustainable fishery was difficult to reach; in addition, knowledge on biological characteristics and inter-relationship within the stock unit in the main zone was not understood yet. Study on stock distribution and its management impacts was conducted based on the population structuring of the two scads species exist (D. russelli and D. macrosoma) which was observed fromthe genetic analyses of the mitochondria DNA marker (RFLP method), and the capture fishery data (species composition, distribution of fishing ground) from some main landing sites such as Pekalongan, Samarinda, Mamuju, and Bone. Results showed the two species of scads had two sub population (stock unit) respectively. D. russelli distribute in the eastern part of Java Sea, southern Flores Sea, and western Banda Sea exist as a sub population or stock unit 1, while a stock unit 2 was distributed around the coastal waters of Makasar Strait in eastern Kalimantan. However, stock unit 1 of D. macrosoma that distribute in Banda Sea was separated (clearly different) from the stock unit 2 that was distributed in the coastal habitat of Flores Sea, eastern Java Sea, and the coastal area of Makasar Strait (east Kalimantan). Thus, a sustainable management of small pelagic fish in the areas of Java Sea (FMA 712) and Makasar Strait (FMA 713) have to be managed as a one stock unit (sub population) and one management unit. On the other hand, we would like to propose that for a small pelagic fish that was distributed in the oceanic habitat of Makasar Strait (western Sulawesi) should be managed in the context of population structuring of scad mackerel/malalugis (D. macarellus) as the main oceanic species of small pelagic fish around Sulawesi. Migration pattern of that two scads (D. russelli and D. macrosoma) along the Java Sea and Makasar Strait and vise versa may be related to that proposed population structuring of scads.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR POPULASI TIGA SPECIES LAYANG (Decapterus spp.) DI LAUT JAWA DAN SEKITAR SULAWESI: Saran Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Ikan Pelagis Kecil dan Evaluasi WPP Suwarso Suwarso; Achmad Zamroni
Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2014): (November 2014)
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (618.816 KB) | DOI: 10.15578/jkpi.6.2.2014.75-86

Abstract

Dua species ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan D. macrosoma) merupakan komponen utama dalam perikanan pelagis di Laut Jawa dan Selat Makasar, ikan layang biru/malalugis (D. macarellus) adalah jenis dominan di perairan laut dalam sekitar Sulawesi dan Indonesia timur. Analisis struktur populasi tiga spesies layang tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan data struktur populasi (mtDNA) untuk memberikan saran pengelolaan berkelanjutan dan evaluasi WPP (Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan). Hasil menunjukkan dari masing-masing dua unit stok tiap species yang terditeksi setiap unit stok/unit biologi yang juga merupakan unit manajemen memiliki sebaran ‘spatial’ yang tidak selalu terbatas di suatu WPP, tetapi sangat dimungkinkan menyebar ‘lintas’ WPP (dua atau lebih WPP) yang umumnya memiliki karakteristik habitat sama; sedangkan keragaman habitat seringkali terlihat dalam satu WPP. Untuk tujuan pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan, pengelolaan sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil disarankan berbasis pada unit manajemen serta meliputi daerah sebaran dari unit manajemen tersebut. Daerah sebaran tersebut mungkin terdapat dalam satu WPP, tetapi seringkali akan meliputi dua atau lebih WPP (lintas WPP). Stok layang (Decapterus russelli dan D. macrosoma) Laut Jawa dan Selat Makasar (dua WPP) disarankan dikelola sebagai satu unit manajemen; sedangkan, stok malalugis yang memiliki ciri genetic sama yang tersebar lintas WPP Selat Makasar (bagian selatan), Teluk Bone, Teluk Tolo, Laut Flores, Laut Banda, Teluk Tomini dan Laut Maluku, disarankan dikelola sebagai satu unit manajemen; unit stok Laut Sulawesi dikelola secara terpisah sebagai unit manajemen yang berbeda. Dalam konteks perikanan layang di Laut Jawa fakta struktur populasinya (kasus D. macrosoma) tidak menunjukkan indikasi migrasi layang dari arah timur (Laut Banda atau Laut Flores) ke arah Laut Jawa seperti dihypotesakan oleh Hardenberg (1938). Two species of scads (Decapterus russelli and D. macrosoma) is a major component in the pelagic fisheries in the Java Sea and Makassar Strait, the mackerel-scads / malalugis (D. macarellus) is the dominant species around Sulawesi and the eastern waters of Indonesia. Population structure anlyses of those three species of layang was implemented to give a sustainable managementoptions and FMA evaluation, based on the population structure data (mtDNA). Results show from each two stock units by species detected each stock unit / units of biology is a management unit which is have a spatially distribute not only in one WPP/FMA, but it is possible to spread ‘cross’ of FMA (two or more FMA ) which is generally has the same habitat; whereas, the diversity of habitats are often exist. For the purpose of sustainable management, a management of small pelagic fish is recommended based on management units that covers an area of distributionof its management unit. This distribution area may be contained in one FMA, but often will include two or more FMA. Stock of scads (Decapterus russelli and D. macrosoma) in the Java Sea and Makassar Strait (two WPP) suggested to manage as a unit of management; whereas, stock malalugis with the same genetic characters that are spread across in the FMA of Makassar Strait (south), Bone Bay, Tolo Bay, Flores Sea, Banda Sea, Tomini and Maluku Sea, it is suggested to managed as a single unit of management; however, the stock of Celebes Sea are managed separately as different management units. In the context of Java Sea fisheries the fact of the population structure (in case of D. macrosoma) did not shows an indication of west ward migration (Banda Sea-Flores Sea) tothe Java Sea like a Hardenberg (1938) hyphotese.
Co-Authors Suwarso Suwarso