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CONCEPT ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED CONTROL Mardiyono, Mardiyono; Songwathana, Praneed; Petpichetchian, Wongchan
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 1, No 2 (2011): (DECEMBER 2011)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background. Perceived control is a personality characteristic that contributes psychological adjustment. It was derived from various theories, so that definitions of perceived control were ambiguous meaning. Disclosing concept of perceived control is required.Objective. The analysis aims to identify definition and use of perceived control, examine the basic attributes of perceived control, and the measurements of perceived control.Method. Databases searched for electronic journals and books that were published from 1994 to 2010 were analyzed.Result. Perceived control is personal belief that refers to controllability on behalf of oneâ€™s self and ability to control threats or events. The use of perceived control includes maternal, pediatric, medical, surgical, psychiatric, community nursing, and pain management. Perceived control was composed of two dimensions: belief about controllability and belief about ability to control to threats.Conclusion. Instrument of Anxiety Control Questionnaire most closely corresponds to two dimensions: belief about controllability and ability to control. Defining attributes and dimensions of perceived control are useful for developing tool.Keywords: perceived control, controllability, ability to control, and agency

A comparative study of knowledge regarding emergency care during disaster between community health volunteers working in tsunami-affected and non-affected areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia Kamal, Anda; Songwathana, Praneed; SaeSia, Wipa
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 4, No 2 (2014): (DECEMBER 2014)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Purpose: This study aimed to describe and compare the level of knowledge regarding emergency care during disaster between community health volunteers (CHVs) working in the tsunami affected and non-affected areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia.Method: 144 CHVs from six districts in Aceh were studied during November 2011 to January 2012 to evaluate their level knowledge regarding emergency care during disaster between CHVs working in tsunami-affected 6-areas and non-tsunami-affected areas. The knowledge was assessed using the Community Health Volunteersâ€™ Knowledge Regarding Emergency Care Questionnaire (CHVK-ECQ) with 30 true/false statements. The composite scores of each area and the total score were calculated and transformed to percentage for ease of presentation.Results: Overall, the CHVsâ€™ knowledge in emergency care during disaster in Aceh was at a high level in both groups. However, subjects in non-affected areas had significantly higher mean rank of the overall knowledge than those in the affected areas (p = .02). In the tsunami area, the highest mean score of knowledge was in the disaster triage dimension (M= 80.62%), and the lowest mean score was in the first aid (60.48 %). In contrast, CHVsâ€™ knowledge in the non-tsunami areas had the highest mean score in the first aid (84.52 %) and had the lowest mean score in the disaster triage (64. 38 %).Conclusion: Although both groups had high levels of overall knowledge, an education program for improved knowledge in the areas of first aid, team organization, and disaster triage should be emphasized to refresh the CHVsâ€™ knowledge and skills for disaster management.

Quality of Life (QoL) in patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A Literature Review Sukraeny, Nury; Songwathana, Praneed; Sae-Sia, Wipa
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 3, No 2 (2013): (DECEMBER 2013)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Purpose: To describe the definition of quality of life (QoL) and identify the most appropriate tool for QoL assessment used in patients with TBI.Method: Searching was conducted from PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO, and ProQuest during 2000-2011. A total of 33 studies were analyzed for this review consisting of 9 review studies, 2 intervention studies, and 22 descriptive studies.Result: Two important definitions of QoL were used in studies related to TBI namely achievement and subjective well-being. Although varieties of generic measurements have been used to measure QoL in TBI patients, there was a lack of TBI-specific Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instrument. Despite the different approach and time measured either short or long outcomes, appropriate domains of QoL tool seem essential particularly among those with moderate and severe TBI.Conclusion: QoL is a wide concept which can be defined in several dimensions. The QOLIBRI as a new disease-specific QoL measurement in TBI seems a feasible and valid approach for the assessment of QoL in TBI. However, the application across cultural remains a challenge and needs a validation.

Spirituality Intervention and Outcomes: Corner stone of Holistic Nursing Practice Mardiyono, Mardiyono; Songwathana, Praneed; Petpichetchian, Wongchan
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 1, No 1 (2011): (JUNE 2011)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Holistic nursing results in healing the whole person as human being that has interconnectedness of body mind social cultural spiritual aspect.Objective: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of Islamic spirituality interventions on health outcomes in nursing.Method: Databases searched for electronic journals and books that were published since 1994 to 2010 were included.Results: Spirituality intervention mainly composes of prayer, recitation of the holy Qurâ€™an, remembrance of Allah, fasting, charity, prophetsâ€™ methods, and modified Islamic methods. Thirteen studies found that various outcomes have been highlighted when applied in several areas of nursing, such as stimulating babyâ€™s cognitive ability in maternal nursing, promoting health during eating halal food, fasting, abstinence of alcohol and tobacco consumption, performing regular exercise, reducing anxiety, and pain in medical-surgical nursing. In mental health nursing, six studies explored effects of prayer and religious psychotherapy to enhance happiness and physical health and alleviate anxiety, and depression. Three studies reported Islamic cognitive therapy to alleviate the auditory hallucination, bereavement, and depression. In critical care nursing, three studies employed reciting the holy Qurâ€™an and talqin in end of life care.Conclusion: Although the literature is limited in the amount and quality of spirituality interventions, some evidences have shown as integrative energy in nursing practice to promote health and minimize some symptoms. Spirituality interventions should be performed to acknowledge the high priority in holistic nursing and support interventions.Keywords: spirituality intervention, holistic nursing, Islam

Knowledge and skills of Emergency Care During Disaster For Community Health Volunteers: A Literature Review Kamal, Anda; Songwathana, Praneed; Sia, Wipa Sae
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 2, No 2 (2012): (DECEMBER 2012)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Nowadays, disaster preparedness and responses are essential for everyone to be involved since the disaster becomes increasing. The Community Health Volunteers (CHVs) in particular are the key partners required adequately prepared in emergency care during disaster event. Purpose: The study aims to examine the essential knowledge and skills of emergency care during natural disaster for CHVs. Method: The reviews published during 2000 and 2011 searching from PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, ProQuest Medical Library were conducted. Result: Twenty-four articles and documents related to community-based disaster preparedness programs were intensively reviewed. Based on the review, six components of knowledge and skills for emergency care in natural disaster for CHVs are required including 1) early warning, 2) disaster triage, 3) first aid, 4) search and rescue, 5) logistic and communication, and 6) team organizations. Conclusion: There was a few studies focusing on the emergency care in disaster management and some factors related to knowledge and skills were shown. It is therefore recommended that the current CHVsâ€™ knowledge and skills should be explored in order to assist people in their community following disaster event when professional responders are not immediately available to help. Key words: Knowledge, Skill, Community health volunteers, Emergency care, Natural disaster.

Thai Nurses' Learning Needs Regarding Disaster Nursing: High Needs? Phakdeechanuan, Kirana; Songwathana, Praneed; Sae-Sia, Wipa
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 5, No 2 (2015): (DECEMBER 2015)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Disaster nursing has become a critical concern, worldwide, due to a trend toward management strategy. However, limited studies are conducted in Thailand where nurses have faced increasing threat to both natural and man-made disasters.Purpose: To describe the amounts of learning needs (both expressed and normative needs) regarding disaster nursing among Thai nurses.Methods: The sample included 454 registered nurses who have been working inThailand for at least six months selected through the multi-stage sampling methods. Data were collected using questionnaire included the Learning Needs Regarding Disaster Nursing Questionnaire (LNDNQ), developed based on the learning needs triangle model and the concept the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies. The LNDNQ was tested for content validity by three experts and for reliability with 20 nurses using Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficient yielding a value of .97 (expressed needs), and .99 (normative needs), respectively. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Result: This study found that the top three contents of the most learning needs in expressed needs were similarly with the most normative needs which items were related to mitigation/prevention and response phase. The most learning needs they expressed were assisting and first aid for victims at the scene (n=229, 50.4%), followed by basic principle of triage (n=218, 48.0%), and training of the disaster nursing management plans (n=217, 47.80%). However, the top least expressed needs were related to mitigation/prevention and recovery/rehabilitation phase. These were providing an information for community with the notification, and announcement the severity level of disaster (n=32, 7.0%), followed by preparing and organizing the evacuation area for victims (n=37, 8.1%).Conclusion: The contents related to the most learning needs (expressed needs andnormative needs) regarding disaster nursing must be emphasized in training course and nursing curriculums in Thailand to improve Thai nurses' capability in disaster nursing management.

Relationships between Triage Knowledge, Training, Working Experiences and Triage Skills among Emergency Nurses in East Java, Indonesia Fathoni, Mukhamad; Sangchan, Hathairat; Songwathana, Praneed
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 3, No 1 (2013): (JUNE 2013)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Since there are increased numbers of clients with traumatic injuries and non-traumatic cases in the emergency department in Indonesia, triage skill is an essential competency required for the emergency nurses.Purposes: This study aimed to examine the level of perceived triage skills and the relationship between knowledge, training, working experience and perceived triage skills among emergency nurses.Method: Two hundred and sixty six emergency room (ER) nurses working in two secondary and two tertiary public hospitals in East Java Province, Indonesia, were recruited by purposive sampling. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires which included the Demographic Data including training and working experiences, Triage Knowledge Questionnaire (TKQ) and Triage Skill Questionnaire (TSQ). The contents of questionnaires were validated by three experts and tested for reliability. The correlation coefficient for the TKQ was 0.99 and Cronbachâ€™s alpha coefficient of the TSQ was 0.93. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including Pearsonâ€™s product-moment correlation to examine the relationship.Result: The results showed that the majority of subjects were female (71.4%) with aged of 22 â€“ 40 years (79.3%), educated to diploma level (94.4%). All subjects had attended Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ACLS), and about half of them had greater than 5 years working experiences in ED. Overall perceived triage skill was at a moderate level with the mean score of 75.12 (SD = 11.23). There were significantly positive correlations between triage skill and working experience (r = .27, p < .01), training experience (r = .37, p < .01), and triage knowledge (r = .38, p < .01).Conclusion: The findings provide a better understanding of triage skills among ER nurses and suggest that the continuing education and training courses related to triage and advanced management of medical emergencies for ER nurses are required in order to increase and update the triage skills in enhancing the quality of emergency care and patient safety.Key Words :Triage knowledge, triage skills, training, working experience, emergency nurse

Surgical Site Infection among Women Post Cesarean Section: An Integrative Review Novelia, Shinta; Sae Sia, Wipa; Songwathana, Praneed
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 7, No 1 (2017): (JUNE 2017)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) in cesarean section (CS) is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and resource consumption, and causes morbidity and mortality for the mother and the baby.Purpose: This literature review aimed to assess and identify risk factors, interventions, and prevention strategies of SSI for women post CS especially the obese women.Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted by employing the databases of PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley online library, and Google scholar from 1999 to 2015. This review identified the studies conducted either in women post-CS or obese women post CS.Results: A total of 58 articles were found, and 14 articles met the criteria. The risk factors of CS-SSI were classified into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors include limited mobility, poor nutrition, and comorbidity (diabetes) while the extrinsic factors include surgical technique, skin closure methods, prophylactic antibiotic, and the use of drains. Poor nutrition, diabetes, and limited mobility were the common factors found in obese women undergoing CS. Maintaining nutritional status and controlling blood glucose were proposed to prevent CS-SSI among obese women post-CS.Conclusions: Nurses should have adequate knowledge about the risk factors of CS-SSI to assess the risk factors of CS-SSI especially in obese women. The intervention of CS-SSI might need a bundle of interventions which consist of pre-operative and post-operative prevention strategies.

Exploring Islamic Based Caring Practice in Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Study Ismail, Suhartini; Hatthakit, Urai; Songwathana, Praneed
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 7, No 2 (2017): (DECEMBER 2017)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Background: Even the advanced technology of modalities in intensive care unit (ICU) has been required a lot, it is important to date that nurses understand the Islamic faith-based healing in the holistic nursing care.Purpose: A phenomenological approach was conducted to describe the caring behaviors based on Islam for the patients in ICU from the perspective of nurses and patientsâ€™ family.Methods: Fourteen ICU nurses and 10 families participated in the study. In-depth interviews with nurses and families were conducted. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.Results: The findings revealed that Islamic-based caring in ICU was connecting to God (Allah), being present with patients and family, and nurses were an instrument to assist the patients and family to be faith in God. In addition, some barriers regarding Islamic based caring practice were presented, such as limited of knowledge and skill to provide Islamic based caring. Â Conclusion: Islamic based caring is very important in practicing the balance of body, mind, and spirit. It is suggested that the nurses are applying Islamic based caring improve the quality of care related to cultural care. The next investigation is needed to measure the nurse caring behavior based on Islamic perspective.

Effect of Self-Efficacy Enhancing Education Program on Family Caregiversâ€™ Competencies in Caring for Patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Firmawati, Erfin; Songwathana, Praneed; Kitrungrote, Luppana
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 4, No 2 (2014): (DECEMBER 2014)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of a self-efficacy enhancing education program on family caregiversâ€™ competencies regarding perceived confidence and performance in caring for patients with mild TBI in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: The quasi-experimental study, two groups pre-test and post-test design was conducted. Fifty family caregivers and patients with mild TBI who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The first 25 control group received the routine care were, while another 25 subjects in the experimental group received a self-efficacy enhancing education program developed by the researchers. The program was constructed using Banduraâ€™s four sources of self-efficacy. The family caregiversâ€™ perceived confidence and performance were measured by using the Perceived Confidence Questionnaire (PCQ) and the Performance Questionnaire (PQ). The data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings showed that the family caregivers who participated in the program had a higher in perceived confidence (t = 8.30, p < .05) and performance (U = .00, p < .05) in caring for patients with mild TBI upon the completion of the program. Conclusion: This study suggests the program may have contributed in improving the family caregiversâ€™ competencies regarding perceived confidence and also influencing their performance in caring for patients with mild TBI. Therefore, this program is recommended for nurses to extend this knowledge for nursing practices and improve family caregiversâ€™ competencies in caring for patients with mild TBI before and after discharge.

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